Landslides IFFI

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THE IFFI PROJECT (ITALIAN LANDSLIDE

INVENTORY): METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS

Luca Guerrieri, Alessandro Trigila & Carla Iadanza

Experts meeting on guidelines for mapping areas at risk of landslides in Europe

JRC, Ispra 23-24 October 2007



CONTENTSCONTENTS

Objectives

Methodology

IFFI dataset

Data processing

WebGIS & WMS Services



OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

The IFFI Project aims at:

identifying and mapping landslides over the whole Italianterritory, based on standardized criteria;

building up a National Landslide Geographic InformationSystem;

providing a tool for hazard and risk assessment and landuse planning.



The institutions involved in the IFFI Project are:

a) APAT - Geological Survey of Italy/Land Protection and

Georesources Department, with the task of organizingand coordinating the activities, developing the guidelines,verifying the data conformity, building up a national geo-database and a WebGIS;

b) Regions and Autonomous Provinces, charged to collecthistorical documents, archive data and map the areasaffected by landslides.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND INSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCESFINANCIAL SUPPORT AND INSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCES

The project has been financed with 4.1 Mil. Euro by theCommittee of Ministries for the Land Protection, established

by the Italian Government (Law n. 183/89).



Aerial photo-interpretation (Volo GAI 1954) - Cetara basin (SA) - Campania

METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

The methodology applied to build upthe Italian Landslide Inventory isbased on aerial photo-interpretation,field surveys, historical documents

and archive data.

Archives data - debris flow occurred in Cetara basin during 23-24 October 1910 event.



M. Falterona

Falterona landslide - S. Godenzo (FI) 15 may 1335 described by Giovanni Villani in “Cronica Fiorentina” - Manuscript del XIV sec. Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence.

Extremely rapid mud-debris flow 30 april 2006 , Ischia Island,4 casualties.

HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS & FIELD SURVEYSHISTORICAL DOCUMENTS & FIELD SURVEYS



MAIN DATA SOURCESMAIN DATA SOURCES

The main sources of information consulted to compile the IFFIdatabase are:

National Projects (AVI - Inventory of information on sites

historically affected by landslides and floods in Italy forthe period 1918/2000; SCAI - Special project for thestudy of unstable towns; CARG - Geological map of Italy,scale 1:50,000);

Landslide inventories by Regions, River Basin Autorities,Research Institutes, Universities;

River Basin plans (PAI - L. 267/98);

Emergency Declarations (L.225/92);

National and local public archives;

Scientific and technical papers and reports.



LANDSLIDE DATASHEETLANDSLIDE DATASHEET

The IFFI Landslide DataSheet is organised inthree information levels of increasing detail:

1st level contains the

basic data on landslidelocation, type of movement and state of activity;

2nd

level provides dataon morphometry,geological setting,lithology, land use, causesof activation, date of activation;

3rd level gives detailedinformation on damages,

investigation process andremedial measures for riskreduction.



CARTOGRAPHYCARTOGRAPHY

Landslides are representedwith:

a georeferenced point,located at the highest point

of the crown;a polygon, in case the

landslide area is >10,000square meters;

a line, in case the widthis too narrow and in case of debris flows.

The mapping scale is1:10,000 in the most partof Italian territory. Howeverless resolution scale(1:25,000) has been used

in mountain and sparselypopulated areas.



IFFI GEOIFFI GEO--DATABASEDATABASE

The IFFI geo-database contains vector layers of landslides and analphanumeric archive of attributes (RDBMS). The relationalalphanumeric database scheme is based on the Landslide DataSheet.



LANDSLIDE IDLANDSLIDE ID

The Landslide ID is a code whose values uniquely identify eachlandslide over the whole italian territory.

This code links the alphanumeric attributes to the geographicfeatures.

0 2 4 0 0 0 4 1 0 0

ProvinceISTAT code

Sub-index forcomplex

landslides

Progressive numberinside province

territory

Alphanumericdata base LANDSLIDE ID

Cartographicdata base



QUALITY CONTROL CHECKSQUALITY CONTROL CHECKS

All geometrical features of theIFFI Landslide Inventory mustpass a series of validationrules before they are stored inthe geo-database.

APAT has defined two sets of quality control tasks: the first

set, or initial set, consists of the Spatial data checks, theAttribute checks and theGeometry checks; the secondone inspects the IFFI

geographic data forcompleteness with otherdatasets: AVI, SCAI, CARG,PAIs.

IFFI Verification Tools designed by APAT



RESULTSRESULTS

At present more than

460.000 landslides havebeen mapped, covering anarea of about 19.700 km2

(6,5% of the whole italianterritory).



TYPE OF MOVEMENTTYPE OF MOVEMENT

Rock-fall and

topple

3,4%

Rotational andtranslational slide

32,8%

Lateral spread

0,1%

Slow earth flow

15,5%

Extremely rapid

debris flow

14,9%

Sinkhole

0,1%

Complex

landslide

11,6%

n.d.

4,5%

Area affected by

shallow

landslides

5,3%

Deep Seated

GravitationalSlope

Deformation

0,3%

Area affected by

rock-fall/topple

11,5%



Roto-traslational slide evolving in slow earth flow - Ripalimosani (CB) - Molise

TYPE OF MOVEMENTTYPE OF MOVEMENT

Rock topples - Dorgali (NU) - Sardegna



PREDISPOSING ANDPREDISPOSING AND

TRIGGERING FACTORSTRIGGERING FACTORS

2109

5701

3000

1745

8710 8655

14441055

4091 4110

2763

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

80009000

10000

W e a k m

a t e r i a l

W e a t h e r e d m

a t e r i a l

S h e a r e d m

a t e r i a l

J o i n t e d o r f i s s u r e d m

a t e r i a l

C o n t r a s t i n p e r m

e a b i l i t y

I n t e n s e

r a i n f a l l

P

r o l o n g e d e x c e p t i o n a l p r e c i p i t a t i o n

F r e e z e n a n d t h a w

w h e a t h e r i n g

S h r i n k a n d s w e l l w e a t h e r i n g

F l u v i a l e r o s i o n o f s l o p e t o e

E x c a v a t i o n o f s l o p e o r i t s t o e

Rapid debris flow - Cervinara (AV) dicember

1999 - Forest road



DATA PROCESSING & LANDSLIDE RISKDATA PROCESSING & LANDSLIDE RISK

Input data:

IFFI Landslide Inventory;

CORINE Land Cover 2000 archive;

Road and railway networks;

Digital orthophoto (Terraitaly™ it2000);

Municipality boundary.

Output data:

Landslides & infrastructures;

Landslide risk analysis in the italian municipalities.



LANDSLIDES AND URBAN AREASLANDSLIDES AND URBAN AREAS

Landslides (in red) urban areas (in yellow) Digital orthophoto – TerraItaly it2000 C.G.R. S.p.A. - Parma

Cerzeto (CS) - Calabria

Sarno & Quindici (SA)6/05/1998

400 Extremely rapid debris flows 160 Fatalities



LANDSLIDES & INFRASTRUCTURELANDSLIDES & INFRASTRUCTURE

Borsoi Landslide (BL) – Veneto - october 2000



National Road SS134 – Castelsardo (SS)

Deformations of rail profiles in 1991by Petacciato landslide (CB)

693

39070

1754

14188

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

H I G H W A Y

R O A D

R A I L W

A Y

U R B A N A R E A



RISK ANALYSIS IN THE ITALIAN MUNICIPALITYRISK ANALYSIS IN THE ITALIAN MUNICIPALITY

The Attention level at the municipality scale is obtained overlapping thelandslide layer and the vulnerable elements layer

Very high, intersection with urbantexture, industrial and commercialsettlements;

High, interference with lifelines, borrowpits, waste dump sites, constructionworks;

Moderate, for farmed land, woods, urbangreen areas and playgrounds;

Negligible, absence of landslidephenomena

5565 municipalities out of 8101 (69% ) areaffected by landslides

Very high: 2820 municipalities

Negligible: 2536 municipalities

LANDSLIDE HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONLANDSLIDE HAZARDS COMMUNICATION



LANDSLIDE HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONLANDSLIDE HAZARDS COMMUNICATION

Dissemination of information about landslides to national and

local institutions and to the general public is a fundamentalstep in the successful mitigation of natural hazards.

House destroyed by extremely rapid debris flow in october 2000 Messigny (AO) - Valle D’Aosta



THE ITALIAN LANDSLIDE INVENTORY WEBSITETHE ITALIAN LANDSLIDE INVENTORY WEBSITE

To provide internet access to geospatial information of the IFFI Project,

APAT has designed the WebGIS application Cart@net-IFFI and the WMS

Service of the IFFI Inventory.

http:/ /http:/ / www.sinanet.apat.it/ progettoiffiwww.sinanet.apat.it/ progettoiffi

SEARCH & IDENTIFY TOOLSSEARCH & IDENTIFY TOOLS

http://www.sinanet.apat.it/progettoiffi







Cancia debris flow - Borca di Cadore (BL) Veneto

SEARCH & IDENTIFY TOOLSSEARCH & IDENTIFY TOOLS

Landslides identify: type of movement, degree of activity, damages, etc.



Landslide geographic research (i.e. for municipalities, Basin

Authorities)

QUERY TOOLQUERY TOOL

PHOTO TOOLPHOTO TOOL



Viewing photos of more important landslides

PHOTO TOOLPHOTO TOOL



VIDEO TOOLVIDEO TOOL

PRINTING LAYOUTPRINTING LAYOUT



PRINTING LAYOUTPRINTING LAYOUT



WEBGIS ARCHITECTUREWEBGIS ARCHITECTURE

texttextWeb Browser

Web Browser

Web Server Cart@net-IFFI

ArcIMSMap Server

(vector data)

HTTP

ECWP

SQL Server

Image Web

Server

(raster data)

ArcSDE

SINAnet

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

ECWP Enhanced Compressed Wavelet Protocol



THE IFFI PROJECT WMSTHE IFFI PROJECT WMS

(WEB MAP SERVICE)(WEB MAP SERVICE)

According to the European

Directive INSPIRE 2007/2/CE

(Infrastructure for spatial

information in Europe) and

the Open GIS Consortium

specifications, WMS Services

of the IFFI Inventory have

also been developed.

This interoperable Service

allows the users to build a

customized map overlaying

the IFFI landslides theme with

additional layers stored in the

pc of the user or provided by

different Internet map

servers.

IFFI Project WMS

The user can access the WMS Servicethrough a WMS viewer, as the oneprovided by the INSPIRE Geo-portal, or

through a GIS Desktop



CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

The IFFI Inventory is an homogeneous and updated archivewith a detailed spatial representation of landslides and it is animportant tool for hazard and risk assessment and land use

planning.

Since 2005 the Inventory is available on the Internet with theaim of disseminating information about Italian landslides to

stakeholders and citizens. To date over 200.000 hits have beencounted on the IFFI Website.

The WMS Service of IFFI Inventory allows an outstandingimprovement in interoperability and data sharing between publicadministration, research institutes, geologists and engineers.

Agenzia per la protezione

dell’ambiente e per i servizi

Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo

S i i l i d’It li



dell ambiente e per i servizi

tecnici

Servizio geologico d’Italia

Organo Cartografico dello Stato

WebsiteWebsite:: www.sinanet.apat.it/progettoiffiwww.sinanet.apat.it/progettoiffi

Contacts:Contacts:[email protected]@[email protected]



mailto:[email protected]







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