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Landscape Change in the Napa River Watershed, 1800–2002: Implications for the Restoration of In-Stream, Floodplain, and Valley Floor Habitat
Grossinger, R., Striplen, C., Brewster, E., San Francisco Estuary Institute
and L. Collins, Watershed Sciences
CALFED Science ConferenceJanuary 16, 2003
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Project Goals– a map of the pre-European impact fluvial system
• extent of floodplain• location of distributary systems, side channels, riparian habitat flood control, stream restoration, fisheries recovery
– a map of the pre-European impact distribution and abundance of valley floor habitats• oak savanna• seasonal wetland/vernal pools• native grassland conservation planning (identifying remnants, proportional representation, designing corridors and
mosaics)
– land use history• spatial extent and duration of grazing, logging, ditching, etc. identify early uses which may have ongoing effects
– community-participatory processacquire needed datagreater shared understanding of how the current landscape has evolved and its potential for
restoration
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Presentation Outline
1. Approach• Partnerships • Issues of scale
2. Methods• 19th-century Historical Documents• Early Aerial Photography• Mapping of Present-day Ecological Remnants
3. Preliminary Findings — methodological and technical• Pleasures and Pitfalls of Historical Sources• Discovery of Counter-Intuitive Changes• Substantial Variation in Historical Landscape within a Small Area (
variation in present-day geomorphic controls)
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Napa River Watershed Historical Ecology
Project endorsed and/or funded by:
• Napa Valley Vintners Association• Land Trust of Napa County• Mead Foundation• Mennen Environmental Foundation• Napa County Planning Department • Napa County Resource Conservation District• SF Bay Region Water Quality Control Board• California Department of Fish and Game• Army Corps of Engineers• CALFED Watershed Program
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Napa River Watershed Historical Ecology Project Collaborators
Shari Gardner and Chris Malan, Friends of Napa River – local project coordinators
Elise Brewster, Brewster Design Arts – archival research, historical cartography
Mike Champion, Napa RCD – archival research
Sarah Pearce, SFEI – fluvial geomorphology
Laurel Collins, Watershed Sciences – fluvial geomorphology
Chuck Striplen, SFEI and UCB – pre-European land management
Josh Collins, SFEI – wetlands geomorphology
Lester McKee, SFEI – watershed processes
Jake Ruygt, Napa County Botanist – local plant community ecology
Robin Grossinger, SFEI – historical ecology/landscape history
Thomas Burns, GIS Mapping and Analysis – historical photogrammetry
Eric Wittner, SFEI – GIS development
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1. Approach• Partnerships • Issues of scale
2. Methods• 19th-century Historical Documents• Early Aerial Photography• Mapping of Present-day Ecological Remnants
3. Preliminary Findings — methodological and technical• Pleasures and Pitfalls of Historical Sources• Discovery of Counter-Intuitive Changes• Substantial Variation in Historical Landscape within a Small Area (
variation in present-day geomorphic controls)
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Project Scale and Corresponding TopicsScale: Region Major
WatershedsTributary Watersheds
Area: ~1000 sq. mi 100-500 sq. mi. 5-20 sq. mi.
Focus on: • tidal processes and lower reaches of streams
• fluvial processes of valley floor
• relationship between tributaries and main channel
• effects of flood control, ditching, drainage
• hillslope processes
• effects of grazing, logging, fire
Key Historical Sources
Federal Maps, Spanish Maps,
+ Aerial Photos,
Local Maps, Written Accounts
+ Landscape Photos, Local Interviews
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Sulphur
SodaSoda
Carneros
Napa River Watershed
San Francisco Bay
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1. Approach• Partnerships • Issues of scale
2. Methods• 19th-century Historical Documents• Early Aerial Photography• Mapping of Present-day Ecological Remnants
3. Preliminary Findings — methodological and technical• Pleasures and Pitfalls of Historical Sources• Discovery of Counter-Intuitive Changes• Substantial Variation in Historical Landscape within a Small Area (
variation in present-day geomorphic controls)
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1. Approach• Partnerships • Issues of scale
2. Methods• 19th-century Historical Documents• Early Aerial Photography• Mapping of Present-day Ecological Remnants
3. Preliminary Findings — methodological and technical• Pleasures and Pitfalls of Historical Sources
– Importance of Pre-1940s Data– Potentials for Misinterpretation
• Substantial Variation in Historical Landscape within a Small Area ( variation in present-day geomorphic controls)
• Discovery of Counter-Intuitive Changes
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USCS 1860 USCS 1861
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ca. 1940 Aerial photomosaic 1993 Aerial photomosaic
Lower Sulphur Creek
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Products from Napa River Watershed Landscape Change Studies
• Historical Ecology Component of Napa Watershed Exhibit at the Napa Valley Museum -- opens January 25
• Napa River Sediment TMDL Baseline Study: Geomorphic Processes and Habitat Form and Function in Soda Creek -- ~ 1 month
• Stewardship Support and Watershed Assessment in the Napa River Watershed: A CALFED Project (Sulphur and Carneros Creeks) -- ~ 6 months
• Napa Valley at the Time of European Contact GIS and Report -- ~ 1 year (pending funding)
www.sfei.org