Land tenure, access and social diversity in Latin America
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Since 1967 / Science to cultivate change Purabi Bose Decision and Policy Analysis (DAPA) Research Email: [email protected] Cali, Colombia 19 August 2014 Land tenure, access and social diversity in Latin America
description
This research seminar will introduce our collaborative land and forest tenure research initiative. Recent tenure reforms across globe are changing the ways people govern forests, agroforestry and small farms. Overall these reforms have recognized collective and individual rights of indigenous peoples and women. However, on-the-ground story is different and often complex for the marginalized groups. Two empirical pilot studies from Bolivia and Colombia will address the key research question: how land tenure arrangements impact socially diverse groups like indigenous people and women (quinoa) smallholder communities in Altiplano region of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and agro-forestry (coffee)small farms in Colombia. What’s new research? You might be interested in this simplified version of social science research methods and concise conceptual analysis of land tenure institutional arrangements for socially diverse smallholders. The findings of this presentation will generate evidence-based discussion around governance of land tenure policy dynamics and its (un)intentional influence on individual (men and women) tenure rights, and access to resources.
Transcript of Land tenure, access and social diversity in Latin America
Since 1967 / Science to cultivate change
Purabi BoseDecision and Policy Analysis (DAPA) ResearchEmail: [email protected], Colombia 19 August 2014
Land tenure, access and social diversity in Latin America
Since 1967 / Science to cultivate change
Presentation outline
Part I. Overall objectives of Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) integrating Gender
Part II. Tenure Research initiatives Latin America
Part III. Initiating global comparative case-studies in South Asia, East Africa and Latin America
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PART ONE
Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA)
Gender
Partners: CIFOR, ICRAF, Bioversity, CIAT, CIRAD, CATIE
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Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) Gender
Innovative science and methods
Mentoring
and
empowerment
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i. Communicating Science
An example: CIAT’s International Photo with Story Competition blog received high # of hits.
41 photos: people’s point of view in e-book
A technical panel on Land Tenure and Gender at IUFRO World Forest Congress, October 2014
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ii. Capacity Building and Mentoring An illustration: Gender workshop in Latin America, 2013
identified research priorities
Latin America writeshop in Cali, 2014
Integrating diversity in research cycle for CIAT staff and partners in Africa, 2014
Mentoring young researchers and interns
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iii. Policy and Partnership
For instance: we’ve established network of people doing forests-agriculture interface work
Share our research findings to recommend COP20 agenda on gender, forests and climate
Interdisciplinary partnerships: Dejusticia- Human Rights; ONAMIAP, RRI- think tanks; WUR, UoC- academicians; SWDF- civil societies
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iv. Participatory Action Research
Key initiatives: tenure, access & social diversity
I. Agroforestry, food security and climate change in rural India
II. Forest governance & multi-stakeholder in Uganda, Kenya
III.Land tenure reforms in Bolivia, Colombia, Peru
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PART TWO: Latin American Research Initiatives
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Governance of Forest Tenure
Classification of FORESTS - who defines?
Property rights- why, for whom and why?
Access, withdrawal, management, exclusion, and alienation
Governance: tenure types, overlapping institutions, rules, policies, and stakeholders
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i. Overview of Tenure in LA
Forest tenure: collective
Complex, but comparatively higher secured indigenous territories and community forest rights
Small farms: individual social disparity; indigenous and Afro-American communities and women
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Forest Tenure: Collective
Proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Target 1.4 calls for (by 2030) men and women to have equal rights, it does not recognize community land rights. Forests, pastures, and bodies of water which rural households rely on for their livelihoods
Connecting community land rights to SDGs: before final agreement at U.N. Summit meeting in Sept 2015.
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Forest Tenure: Collective
Governmentadministered
Designated forIPs and localcommunities
Owned by IPsand local
communities
Owned byindividuals and
firms
68.7
2.7
27.9
0.8
59.8
0
40.2
0
2002: Forest Tenure in Bolivia and Colombia
Bolivia Colombia
Reference: Stevens et al 2014 Securing Rights, Combating Climate Change
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Land Tenure and Access in Latin America
Tenure reforms Bolivia and Colombia
Conceptual framework: micro-politics
Case studies- lake Titicaca and coffee region
Preliminary findings
Analysis – social and institutional diversity
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Small Farms Tenure: Individual
Individual tenure rights – recognizing women’s land title
Land Title – formal (legalization) and informal (customary)
Ownership and access: men, women and youths
How and why land title formalization- who benefits?
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Bolivia: Land Tenure Reform
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Colombia: Land Tenure Reform
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ii. Micro-Politics Framework
Social Diversity Institutional Diversity
Reference: Bose, P. 2012 Forest Rights http://edepot.wur.nl/212101
Customary, legal and extra-legal
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iii. Case studies – Bolivia and Colombia
Two analytical studies – independent (2013)
Key objective – individual rights to land and agro-forests coffee and Kañiwa/quinoa
Methods: Participatory action research, field observations, and scientific and grey literature
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Individual land tenure
For this presentation: focus on individual tenure
Colombia: smallholder agro-forestry (coffee farms - men)
Bolivia: marginalized small-farms hardy food crops (kañiwa quinoa farms- women)
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Altiplano Lake Titicaca, Bolivia
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iv. Preliminary Findings
Bolivian case study (in Altiplano region)
Small-farms – informal arrangements Climate variability affects socio-economically marginalized men and women (un)intended impact of value-chains of Kaniwa on IP women
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iv. Preliminary FindingsColombian case study (in Quindia region)
Informal tenure claims Tree compositions decision affected the
land-use management by men/ women Formalization of the land title: ambiguity
on joint titling at household level.
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v. Analysis: Social Diversity
e.g. in Bolivia
Vulnerability not necessarily gendered, but depends on ethnic diversity
Increase global demand impact local farming practice of women (indirectly food security)
Access matters, but not titling
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v. Analysis: Social Diversity
e.g. in Colombia
Crop diversification (security net) = women only with secured land title
Progressive reform, but joint titling a concern at local level compared to individual title
Land ownership defines indirectly (market/ capital) access and usufruct rights for women
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v. Analysis: Institutional Diversity
e.g. Bolivia. Kaniwa influenced by global demandInformal rules continues to dominate the land
tenure arrangements of IPs (extra-legal)
e.g. Colombia. Coffee agroforestry’s local marketFormalizing land title challenge traditional
gender equity- but, titling is not an end in itself.
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PART THREE: Global Comparative Tenure Studies
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Global Social Diversity Tenure and Access
Latin America- access to resources, individual small farm title, and collective forest rights
East Africa- customary institutions, forests-agriculture interface dynamics
South Asia- forest tenure and food security
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Open Research Dialogue
Thank you!
