Land And Water Use Part 4. URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT.
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Transcript of Land And Water Use Part 4. URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT.
![Page 1: Land And Water Use Part 4. URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551a9cdb55034643688b624c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Land And Water Use
Part 4
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URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT
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Urban Development
• Planned Development– 76 million residential buildings and 5
million commercial buildings in the US– Use 1/3 of all energy and 2/3 of all
electricity consumed in US
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Urban Development
• The Green Approach
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Urbanization
• Pros • Cons
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TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
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Federal Highway System• 160,000 miles of roadway• Federal highways receive substantial
federal funding but state owned, built, operated
• Federal highway tax– 18¢ gas tax– 25¢ diesel tax– Tax on heavy vehicles
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Federal Highway System• Benefits
• Impacts on Environment
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PUBLIC AND FEDERAL LANDS
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National Parks
• 1,100 national parks in world– Largely unprotected due to cost
• 84 million acres in US– Alaska = 16% of entire system
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Threats to National Parks
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Reducing the Threat
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Relevant Laws
• National Park Service Act 1916– Establishes national park service
• Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 1968– Ensures protection of river’s unique
environment– Preserves select rivers– 4 rivers in NC
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Wildlife Refuges
• Developed to protect wildlife during times of crisis
• Managed by US Fish and Wildlife Service
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Wetlands
• High plant productivity• High biodiversity• 50% of US wetlands have been
altered or destroyed– Urbanization – 10%– Agriculture – 90%
• 1/3 of all endangered species spend part of lifecycle in wetlands
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Wetlands
• Types of wetlands– Fen:– Bog:–Marsh:– Swamp:
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Wetlands
• Wetland Services
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LAND CONSERVATION
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Conservation Options
• Preservation• Remediation• Mitigation• Restoration
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Principles in Land Conservation
• Protect biodiversity, habitats, and function through monitoring
• Adopt a user pay approach• Require responsibility of any user
who damages or alters public lands
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Principles in Land Conservation
• Reduce road building• Rely on more sustainable tree-cutting
methods• Reduce fragmentation