LAN 401 Beginning Greek I

LAN 401 BEGINNING GREEK I

Class V: Personal Pronouns and 3rd Decl. Cont.

1st and 2nd Person Personal Pronouns

1.1 Introduction to Personal Pronouns Personal pronouns are used to replace nouns

and avoid repetition.

I am speaking to John and teaching him.

I have a sister and I like her.

‘John’ and ‘sister’ are called antecedent!

Greek personal pronouns are used in the same way


Case, number, person Case – function in the sentence Number is determined by the antecedent Person is determined by its antecedent




1.2 Pronouns1.2.1 English forms:

First Person Second Person

Subjective sg. I youPossessive sg. My yourObjective sg. Me you

Subjective pl. We youPossessive pl. Our yourObjective pl. Us you


1.2.2 Greek pronouns 1st Person 2nd Person

Nom. Sg.

ἐγώ I σύ You

Gen. Sg. μου (ἐμοῦ)

My σου (σοῦ) Your

Dat. Sg. μοι (ἐμοί)

to me σοι (σοί) To you

Acc. Sg. με (ἐμέ) Me σε (σέ) You

Nom. pl. ἡμεῖς We ὑμεῖς You

Gen. pl. ἡμῶν Our ὑμῶν Your

Dat. pl. ἡμῖν to us ὑμῖν To you

Acc. pl. ἡμᾶς us ὑμᾶς you


1.2.3 Translation of personal pronounsὁ λόγος μου OR ὁ λόγος σου

My word your wordLit. ‘the word of me’ Lit. ‘the word of you’

ἐγὼ βαπτίζω ὑμᾶς ὕδατι I baptize you in/with water

The number and case of “you”? pl. acc.


2.1 More 3rd declension wordsχαριτ- φως, τό ελπιδ- σαρκ-

Nom. Sg. χάρις φῶς ἐλπίς σάρξGen. Sg. χάριτος φωτός ἐλπίδος σαρκόςDat. Sg. χάριτι φωτί ἐλπίδι σαρκίAcc. Sg. χάριτα(-

ν)φῶς ἐλπίδα σάρκα

Nom. pl. χάριτες φῶτα ἐλπίδες σάρκεςGen. pl. χαρίτων φώτων ἐλπίδω

νσαρκῶν

Dat. pl. χάρισι(ν)

φῶσι(ν) ἐλπίσι(ν)

σαρξί(ν)

Acc. pl. χάριτας φῶτα ἐλπίδας σάρκας

3rd Declension Nouns Continued

The final iota = consonantal iota (CI) CI drops and replaced byiota or epsilon

If the case ending begins w/ vowel epsilon

If with consonant iota

All CI words are feminine

Consonantal

iota stem

Nom. Sg. πίστιςGen. Sg. πίστεωςDat. Sg. πίστειAcc. Sg. πίστινNom. Pl. πίστειςGen. Pl. πίστεωνDat. Pl. πίστεσι(ν)Acc. Pl. πίστεις

3rd Declension Nouns Continued

πατρ- ὑδατ-Nom. Sg. πατήρ ὕδωρ, τόGen. Sg. πατρός ὕδατοςDat. Sg. πατρί ὕδατιAcc. Sg. πατέρα ὕδωρNom. pl. πατέρες ὕδαταGen. pl. πατέρων ὕδατωνDat. pl. πατράσι(ν

)ὕδασι(ν)

Acc. pl. πατέρας ὕδατα

Practice and Exercises

Workbook p. 35 Warm-up Parsing

3rd Person Personal Pronouns

1.1 Personal Pronouns - Review Personal pronouns are used to replace nouns

and avoid repetition.



‘John’ and ‘sister’ are called antecedent!

Greek personal pronouns are used in the same way


Case, number, person Case – function in the sentence Number is determined by the antecedent Person in determined by its antecedent




1.2 Pronouns1.2.1 English forms:

Masc. Fem. Neut.

Subjective sg. he she itPossessive sg. his her itsObjective sg. him her it

All GendersSubjective pl. theyPossessive pl. theirObjective pl. them

3rd Person Personal Pronouns 2-

Masc1- Fem. 2-

Neut.

Nom. Sg.

αὐτός

He αὐτή She αὐτό It

Gen. Sg.

αὐτοῦ

His αὐτῆς

Her αὐτοῦ

Its

Dat. Sg. αὐτῷ To him αὐτῇ To her αὐτῷ To it

Acc. Sg. αὐτόν him αὐτήν

Her αὐτό it

Nom. pl.

αὐτοί They αὐταί They αὐτά They

Gen. pl. αὐτῶν

Their αὐτῶν

Their αὐτῶν

Their

Dat. pl. αὐτοῖς

To them αὐταῖς

To them αὐτοῖς

To them

Acc. Pl. αὐτούς

them αὐτάς

them αὐτά them

Personal pronouns and enclitics

1.3 Personal pronouns in Greek 1.3.1 Case, gender, and number

βλέπω τὸν μαθητὴν καὶ διδάσκω αὐτόν

I see the disciple and I teach him. antecedent pronoun

A pronoun agrees w/ its antecedent in gender & number

Personal pronouns and enclitics

γίνωσκω τῆν ἐκκλησίαν καὶ μένω ἐν αὐτῃ

I know the church and remain in it. antecedent pronoun

A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number; case varies according usage in the sentence.

ἐκκλησία is feminine in Greek - use fem. pronoun


1.3.2 Use of the Nominative

Personal pronouns are not used as subjects of verbs in Greek except for emphasis

λέγω καὶ γράφεις – I speak and you write

ἐγω λέγω καὶ σὺ γράφεις - I speak but you write


1.3.3 Use of αὐτός in the nominative i. Attributive position translated as “same”

ὁ αὐτὸς ἀπόστολος OR ὁ ἀπότολος ὁ αὐτόςThe same apostle

ii. Predicate position translated “self”

αὐτός ὁ ἀπόστολος OR ὁ ἀπόστολος αὐτος The apostle himself


iii. Another intensive use of αὐτος

αὐτὸς ἐγὼ λέγω OR αὐτος σὺ λέγεις I myself say you yourself say


1.3.4 Expressing possession

Personal pronouns are used to express possession in genitive case

ὁ λόγος αύτῶν OR ὁ λόγος αὐτῆς Their word Her word

Practice and Exercises

Workbook p. 41 Warm-up Parsing

Homework: p. 37, no: 7-9 p. 43, no: 8-10

LAN 401 Beginning Greek I

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