Lakes and Ponds

• http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=lakes+and+ponds&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=A8C9DDEE00812602AEE4A8C9DDEE00812602AEE4

Streams and Rivers• http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=rivers%20and%20streams&qs=n&form=

QBVR&pq=rivers%20and%20streams&sc=8-1&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&mid=DB5802DC0165C83CC7CEDB5802DC0165C83CC7CE

Inland Wetlands

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAemFXNRWcQ

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jhAaHG0YDs

Estuaries

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLumSN4G5P4

Coastal Oceans

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIul2ObvKV8

Open Ocean http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=let%27s+name+the+zones+of+the+open+sea+song&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=7B1CF524546FAD8029B47B1CF524546FAD8029B4

What are the current fishing practices?

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Fig. 12-A, p. 255

Fish farming in cage

Trawler fishing

Spotter airplane

Sonar

Trawl flap

Trawl lines

Purse-seine fishing

Trawl bagFish school

Drift-net fishingLong line fishing

Lines with hooks

Fish caught by gills

Deep sea aquaculture cage

Float Buoy

Purse Seines

Fig. 12-A, p. 255

Fish farming in cage

Trawler fishing

Spotter airplane

Sonar

Trawl flap

Trawl lines

Purse-seine fishing

Trawl bagFish school

Drift-net fishingLong line fishing

Lines with hooks

Fish caught by gills

Deep sea aquaculture cage

Float Buoy

What impacts do these have on ocean life?

• Area of ocean before and after a trawler net, acting like a giant plow, scraped it.

Figure 12-2Figure 12-2

What are the current problems in our oceans?

• The major decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is because of over-fishing.

• By-catch- fish or animals that were not meant to be caught.

• Pollution in the 5 major gyres ( Trash patches)

• Whaling

Overfishing and Extinction: Gone Fishing, Fish Gone

• About 75% of the world’s commercially valuable marine fish species are over fished or fished near their sustainable limits.– Big fish are becoming scarce.– Smaller fish are next.– We throw away 40% of the fish we catch.– We needlessly kill sea mammals and birds.

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BYCATCH

• Overfishing and BYCATCH

• Sea Turtles

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Whaling• IWC: International Whaling Commission

– Set up in 1946– 1986 Zero whale catch was introduced (except for subsistence

fishermen which have limited numbers)• JAPAN Whaling : RESEARCH

– “North Pacific (2) - JARPN II (2000 and ongoing)

It included sub-projects on:1) feeding ecology (including prey consumption and preferences of cetaceans and ecosystem modeling);2) stock structure;3) environmental effects on cetaceans and the marine ecosystem

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-17312460http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/03/01/japan-retreats-whale-hunt

• WHALE WARS21

Sustainable Fishing Practices

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How do we do this…• Market Place

– Read labels• Economic Incentives

– TEDs– Round hooks– No more subsidies– Optimum sustainable yield– Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ’s)

• Regulatory Approaches– IWC– Japan Whaling Research– Exclusive Economic Zones vs. high seas– Marine Protected Areas (MPA’s)

Aquacultures aka Blue Revolution

Advantages • Possibly support 50%

of world’s seafood need.

• Low fuel cost• High yield in low

volume of water• Reduces

overharvesting

Disadvantages

• Large waste output• Destroy habitats• Uses grain to feed some

species• Dense populations

susceptible to disease.• Escapes threatens wild

fish populations (Disease, competition and interbreeding)

• Aquaculture: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/library/aq_video_gallery.html

• Sustainable fishing in the Coral Triangle:http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/how_we_work/conservation/marine/sustainable_fishing/

• TED’s:http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/threats-to-animals-environment/turtle-excluder/