Laboratory Session 3

TissueThere are four types of tissue:

Epithelial tissueConnective tissueMuscle tissueNervous tissue

Simple squamous epitheliumFunction: passage of

materialsLocation:

glomerulus (kidney), alveoli (lung), endothelium (capillaries)

Simple squamous epithelium from: http://www.bu.edu/histology/i/16002hoa.jpg

Stratified squamous epithelium

Function: protectionLocation: skin,

mouth, esophagus, anus, vagina

Stratified squamous epithelium from: http://www.udel.edu/biology/Wags/histopage/colorpage/cep/cepssq.GIF

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: tubules of the kidney, glands (e.g. thyroid) and ducts

Simple cuboidalepithelium from: http://science.tjc.edu/Course/BIOLOGY/1409/cuboidal2.6-9.jpg

Stratified cuboidal epitheliumFunction: secretionLocation: larger

glands and ducts e.g. mamary glands

Stratified cuboidal epithelium from: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/swgland.jpg

Simple columnar epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium from: http://www.stegen.k12.mo.us/tchrpges/sghs/ksulkowski/images/20_Simple_Columnar_Epithelial_Tissue.jpg

Function: absorption, secretion, protection

Location : stomach, small intestines, uterus

Pseudostratified cloumnar epithelium

Function: secretion Location: respiratory

tract, portion of male uerethra

Uploaded by jkilham on: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3293/2857703736_9ef8b32b38.jpg

cilia

Transitional epitheliumFunction:

distensibilty, protection

Location: ureters, urinary bladder, proximal urethra

Transitional epithelium from: http://dspace.udel.edu:8080/dspace/bitstream/19716/2224/1/cute.GIF

Fluid/ Liquid connective tissueFunction:

transportationLocation:

cardiovascular system

Blood from: http://lifesci.rutgers.edu/~babiarz/Histo/Blood/Smear2.jpg

Blood

Loose connective tissue

Areolar tissue from: http://www.tvcc.edu/depts/Biology/HotPot/Images/A&P/connective_tissue_loose_areolar.jpg

Areolar tissue Function: surrounds and supports organs; packing

Location: below epithelia e.g. skin, between muscle, around capiliaries

Loose connective tissueFunction: energy

reserve, insulator, cushioning, protection

Location: within joints, breasts, hypodermis; around eyeballs and kidney

Adipose tissue from: http://www.tvcc.edu/depts/Biology/HotPot/Images/A&P/adipose_tissue.jpg

Adipose tissue

adipocytes

Dense connective tissue

Dense regular tissue from: http://www.bu.edu/histology/i/01302hoa.jpg

Dense regular Function: attachment: resist tensile stress; can be pulled in one direction

Location: tendons and ligaments

Dense connective tissueFunction: withstand

tension in any direction

Location: capsules of organs and joints, dermis of skin

Dense irregular tissue from: http://www.pathguy.com/histo/052.jpg

Dense irregular

Structural/ Hard connective tissue: Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage from: http://www.tvcc.edu/depts/Biology/HotPot/Images/A&P/hyaline_cartilage.jpg

Hyaline cartilage Function: flexible support; reduces friction

Location: larynx, trachea, nasal septum, ends of bone

Structural/ Hard connective tissue: Cartilage

Elastic cartilage from: http://www.cytochemistry.net/microanatomy/bone/ecartilage.jpg

Elastic cartilage Function: very flexible; maintains shape

Location: pinna, epiglottis

Structural/ Hard connective tissue: Cartilage

Fibrocartilage from: http://science.tjc.edu/Course/BIOLOGY/1409/fibrocartilage1.6-11.jpg

Fibrocartilage Function: tensile strength; shock absorber

Location: intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis

Structural/ Hard connective tissueFunction:

protection, support, movement, red blood cell formation

Location: bone

Bone from: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/bone1.jpg

Osseous tissue

Skeletal muscle

Longitudinal section

Skeletal muscle l.s. from: http://clcpages.clcillinois.edu/home/bio567/pages/newtissues/Skeletal%20muscle%2003a.jpg

Characteristics: long, striated, multinucleated, nuclei at periphery, voluntary

Function: movement, generate heat

nuclei

Cardiac muscleCharacteristics:

striated, uninucleated (most times), branched, intercalated disks, involuntary

Function: propels blood

Cardiac muscle from: http://www.cytochemistry.net/08_016.jpg

Intercalated disk

Smooth/Visceral muscleCharacteristics:

lacks stiations, uninucleated, central nuclei, spindle shaped cells, involuntary

Function: propels substances along passageways

Smooth muscle from: http://www.daviddarling.info/images/smooth_muscle.gif

Nervous tissueStructure: dendrite,

body, axonFunction: transmit

electrical impulsesLocation: brain,

spinal cord, nerves

Neurons from: http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Histology/neuron20X.jpg

Neuroglia

•McConnell, T. H. and K. L. Hull. (2011) Human Form, human function: Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.•Cohen, B. J. and J. J. Taylor (2009). Memmler's Structure and Function of the Human Body. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.•Marieb, E. N. and K. Hoehn (2010). Human Anatomy and Physiology. San Francisco, Benjamin Cummings.•Martini, F. H. (2006). Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. San Francisco, Benjamin Cummings.