La nanotoxicología y el

uso de la

nanotecnología en el

diagnóstico molecularDr. Rodrigo Balam Muñoz Soto

Nanomaterials are gaining increasing attention in recent

years; their unique mechanical, optical and electrical

properties may result in a wide range of applications

(Haynes, 2010).

Engineered Nanoparticles

Metal nanomaterials

Metal oxide nanomaterials

Quantum Dots

Carbon nanomaterials

Metal Nanomaterial

The term metal nanoparticle is

used to described nanosized

metals with dimensions (length,

width or thickness) within the size

range 1-100 nm.

Metal oxide

Metal oxide (MOx) nanoparticles are in high volume and frequently used for their semiconducting properties, including as catalysts for redox reactions in engineered systems and natural environments. From a biological perspective, the semiconducting properties could be responsible for generating adverse health outcomes

Quantum dots

Quantum dots are tiny

particles or nanocrystals of a

semiconducting material with

diameters in the range of 2-

10 nanometers (10-50 atoms)

Carbon NanoMaterials

Nanotubes

Factores relacionados con la toxicidad

Composición

Tamaño y forma

Diámetro y longitud

Aglomeración

Estructura

Modificaciones en la

superficie

Biopersistencia

Physical and chemical properties of NMs

influencing their toxicity

Routes of exposure

Pulmonary tract

Skin

Gastrointestinal exposure

Cardiovascular

Main cellular mechanisms

In vitro and in vivo models

¿Qué marcadores buscar?

Engineered Nanoparticles for Diagnostics

gold NPs,

fluorescent NPs, especially quantum dots,

and magnetic NPs,

Gold NPs

The ease of AuNP functionalization

provides a versatile platform for

nanobiological assemblies with:

oligonucleotides

Antibodies

and other molecules

Synthesis of gold NPs

Properties og GNPs

Applications LFA

lateral-flow assays, the minimum number of AuNPs that

can be detected with the unaided eye on a white

background is around 1X1010, ideally allowing the

detection of 10 fM of a target molecule

QD

Quantum dots are tiny particles

or nanocrystals of a

semiconducting material with

diameters in the range of 2-10

nanometers (10-50 atoms)

Magnetic NPs

magnetic separations of DNA

(immobilization, isolation, diagnosis

of genetic disorders and detection

of exogenous substances in the

organisms)

magnetic immobilization of proteins

(applications in biotechnology,

medicine, and catalysis)

magnetic separations of pathogens

(i.e. isolation of bacteria, detection

of various pathogens)

magnetic resonance imaging

(imaging contrast agents,

lymphangiography).

MNPs

In biomedical applications, MNPs

are generally in the

superparamagnetic state (2,3).

The most frequently used

nanomaterial is the iron oxide

nanoparticle, including magnetite

(Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3)

Detección de moléculas

Signalling

Nature Materials volume 10, pages 545–552 (2011)

Bacteria detection

C-dots

Theragnostics

Theranostics 2014; 4(9):904-918. doi:10.7150/thno.9448

Theranostic Self-Assembly Structure of Gold Nanoparticles for NIR Photothermal

Therapy and X-Ray Computed Tomography Imaging

NPs dirigidas

46

Resultados Fe0@Au PEG SH

47

Viabilidad celular en células

A549

C+ C

- 0

Fe@

Au

0

Fe

@Au A

c. A

sc

0

Fe

@Au P

EG

0

Fe

50

100

150

2002 h

24 h

8 h

4 h

Exposición celular a 5g/mL de nanopartículas en tiempos de 2h, 4h, 8h, 24h

% V

iab

ilid

ad

Viabilidad celular en células

A549

C+ C

-Fe0

Fe0@

Au

Fe0@

Au A

c. A

sc

Fe0@

Au P

EG

0

50

100

150

2002 h

4 h

8 h

24 h

Exposición celular a 10g/mL de nanopartículas en tiempos de 2h, 4h, 8h, 24h

% V

iab

ilid

ad

Resultados de viabilidad

Conclusiones

Diferentes tipos de NPs

Aplicaciones de NPs en POCs

Combinación con microfluídica

Cáncer, Enfermedades genéticas e infecciosas

Otros campos fuera de salud

Agradecimientos

Grupo de Enfoque en Bioingeniería, Biosistemas y

Biología Sintética (3BS)