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L45 M 71 PowerplantFam
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Power Plant
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM2
Power Plant Overview
The Learjet 45 aircraft engines:Two TFE 731-20R-1B turbofan engines
or
Two TFE 731-20AR on 45-056 andsubsequent
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM3
Power Plant Overview
Basic engine Engine fuel and control system
Ignition and starting system
Air system Engine controls
Engine indicating
Exhaust system Oil system
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Basic Engine
Each engine flat-rated
maximum takeoff(MTO) thrust:3,500 lbs
When automaticperformance reserve
(APR) system used,MTO thrust allowable:3,650 lbs
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Basic Engine Components
Main spools and
associatedcomponents:
Two coaxial,
rotating shafts with:
- N1 or low pressure
(LP) spool- N2 or high
pressure (HP)
spool
LP spoolfour-stage,
axial-flow
compressor mountedbehind fan
HP spoolsingle-
stage centrifugal
compressor and
single-stage turbine
FAN BYPASSDUCT
FOUR-STAGELP COMPRESSOR
HPTURBINE
THREE-STAGELP TURBINE
COMBUSTIONCHAMBER
HPCOMPRESSOR
N1 SHAFT
N2 SHAFT
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM6
Basic Engine Components
Gearboxes
Transfer gearbox(TGB):
- 2.5:1 speed
reduction
- Includes
monopole, N2speed sensor
- Drives accessory
gearbox
Accessory gearbox
(AGB):
- Internal drivetrain drives
mounted
accessoriesTRANSFERGEARBOX
ACCESSORYDRIVE
GEARBOX
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Basic Engine ComponentsReduction Gearbox
Reduces fan rpmwith respect to N1
shaft speed
Reduction gearing
features:
- LP shaft couplerdrives sun gear
- Sun gear drives
planetary gears
- Planetary gears
drive ring gear
- Ring geardrives fan
FAN SHAFTSUN GEAR
PLANETARYGEAR
RING GEAR
COUPLER
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM8
Basic Engine Conventional Data
Five major engine modulesFan
Compressor
CombustorThrust/exhaust nozzle
Accessory/transfer gearbox
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM10
Fuel and Control Components
DEEC
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM11
Fuel and Control ComponentsENG CMPTR
switchesEach switch
marked ON, MAN,
and OFF
Controls
respective engine
computer
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Fuel and Control ComponentsDEEC input sensor
required inputs:Total temperature
(TT2) and total
pressure (PT2) at
engine STA 2TEMPSENSINGELEMENT
TEMPERATUREAIR ENTRY
PORT
RAM AIRENTRY PORT
AUXILIARYPORT
PRESSURE
SENSINGPORT
HEATERELEMENT
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Fuel and Control ComponentsDEEC input sensor
required inputs:N2 monopoletracks
teeth AGB drive
shaft spur gear
N2 MONOPOLEAGB DRIVE
SHAFT
SPUR GEARS
TRANSFERGEARBOX
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Fuel and Control ComponentsDEEC input sensor
required inputs:N1 monopole
mounted inside N1
speed gear
N1 MONOPOLE
N1 SPEED GEAR
No. 6 BEARING SUMP
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Fuel and Control ComponentsCAS/CWP engine
fuel messagesL/R FUEL PRESSLOWlow fuelpressure warning
switch, at fuel
inlet of engine
fuel pump,
illuminates
annunciator and
CAS message for
respective engine
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Power Plant Overview
Basic engine Engine fuel and control system
Ignition and starting system
Air System Engine controls
Engine indicating
Exhaust system Oil system
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Ignition and Starting ComponentsSTART switches:
Momentarily pressingeither switch signals
aft power distribution
panel, which initiatesstart sequence by:
- Closing L/R DC
line contactorto power starterfrom related
generator bus
- Starting respective
fuel pump
- Illuminated ONlegend in the L/R
START switch, as
applicable
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Ignition and Starting ComponentsIGN switches
IGN switches are notused during normal
(auto mode) start,
since DEEC
automatically
controls ignition to
start at 6.8% and
terminate at
45% N2 rpm
During manual start,
respective IGN
switch selected just
above 10% N2 rpm by
momentarily
pressing switch
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Ignition and Starting ComponentsEICAS IGN annunciator
With ignitionactivated (manual or
auto), annunciator
shows on the EICAS
display:
- IGNboth ignitionchannels
operating
normally
- IGNone channeloperating
- IGNneitherchannel operating
Pushing L/R FIREPUSH switchesterminates ignition
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Ignition and Starting ComponentsStarter/generator
Mounts on middledrive pad on AGB
front
During engine
operation, starter
portion of unit
inhibited and
functions as
generator
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Ignition and Starting ComponentsIgnition unit
Each capacitive-resistance type
unit is
independent and
redundant
Uses 10 to 30 VDC
input and delivers
18,000 to 24,000
volts to igniters
in pulses
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Ignition and Starting Operation
Auto modeWith the power lever in IDLE, the START
switch is momentarily selected
DEEC controls engine start automatically: Starter/generator energized
Fuel and ignition initiate
At self-sustaining speedStarter terminates
Ignition terminates
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Ignition and Starting Operation
Manual modeApplicable L/R START switch pressed
Engine motored to 10% N2 rpm
Throttle placed in IDLE
Applicable L/R IGN switch pressed
Operator ensures EICAS display shows
START and IGN, and engine parameters
not exceeded
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Ignition and Starting Operation
Manual modeOperator manually deselects IGN and
START switches at 45% and 50% N2 rpm,
respectively
Operator ensures IGN and START ON
legends, and IGN and START EICASannunciations extinguish
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Power Plant Overview
Basic engine Engine fuel and control system
Ignition and starting system
Air System Engine controls
Engine indicating
Exhaust system Oil system
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Air System
Bleed air is engine-compressed airextracted for:
Environmental control system (ECS)
Airframe and nacelle anti-ice (A/I) Engine surge control
A dedicated bleed-control system protects
engine against surges
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Power Plant Overview
Basic engine Engine fuel and control system
Ignition and starting system
Air System Engine controls
Engine indicating
Exhaust system Oil system
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Thrust Control System ComponentsThrottle cable
Throttle cablemechanically
connected to each
throttle lever
Runs aft thru
aircraft bottom to
rotary outputelement box (or
FCU control box)
THROTTLE LEVER THROTTLE
CABLE
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Thrust Control System ComponentsRotary, variable-
differentialtransformers(RVDTs)
Continuously
tracks throttle
lever angles (TLAs)
Converts TLAs intoprimary electrical
signals to
respective DEEC
RVDTs
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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ENG SYNC System ComponentsENG SYNC switch
Switch positions:- N1
- N2
- OFF
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APR ComponentsAPR switch
With the switchpressed in, the
APRlegendilluminates and
DEEC on both
engines:
- Performs APR
software
verification
- Checks switch
validity
- Confirms N1/N2speed signal
from both
engines
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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APR ComponentsAPR switch
APR circuitry armsthe APR system
and shows the APRindication on the
EICAS DU
On takeoff with
the switch armed,if an engine N2
rpm drops below
15% of the other
engine, the system
raises the engine
N1 rpm 1.7%,
which changes the
APR ON indicatorcolor
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Power Plant Overview
Basic engine Engine fuel and control system
Ignition and starting system
Air System Engine controls
Engine indicating
Exhaust system Oil system
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Engine Indicating ComponentsDisplay units (DUs)
EICAS, essentiallyan integrated
digital computer
and display
system, normally
uses DU No. 2 for
its display
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Engine Indicating ComponentsDisplay units (DUs)
Backup featuresdisplay some
parameters on
radio management
unit (RMU):
- Page 1
N1 rpm, ITT, oil
pressure
- Page 2N1/N2
rpm, oil
temperature,
fuel flow
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Engine Indicating ComponentsDU display areas:
CAS areaPrimary engine
area
System page area
Bezel menu areaCASENGINE
SYSTEMPAGE
BEZELMENU
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEngine indicating
N1 rpm indications
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEngine indicating
ITT indications
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEngine indicating
N2 indications
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEngine indicating
Oil pressureindications
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEngine indicating
Oil temperatureindications
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEngine indicating
Fuel flowindications
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEngine indicating
Throttle detentindications
NAC (nacelle heat)
indications
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEngine indicating
REV (thrustreverser)
indications
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEngine indicating
MAN (DEEC manualmode) indications
FIRE indications
Start indications
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEICAS CAS messages
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Engine Indicating ComponentsCrew warning panel
(CWP)
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEICAS backup
display page No. 1on RMU
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Engine Indicating ComponentsEICAS backup
display page No. 2on RMU
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Power Plant Overview
Basic engine Engine fuel and control system
Ignition and starting system
Air System Engine controls
Engine indicating
Exhaust system Oil system
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Exhaust System ComponentsAfterbody assembly
Attached to aftengine flange
Aluminum
construction
Forms major
structural
component of TRActs as main part
of nozzle during
engine forward
thrust operation
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Exhaust System Components
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM55
Exhaust System ComponentsLatch assembly
hydraulicallyoperated,latch/unlatch TRdoors
Latch hooklocks
TR doors in stow
positionLatch monitoring
switches
lock/unlock switches
actuate when
into/out of fully-
locked positionLatch actuator
controls TR door
latch-hook position
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Exhaust System Components
LATCH ASSEMBLY
LATCH HOOK
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM57
Exhaust System ComponentsIsolation valve
Supplies hydraulicfluid to hydraulic
control valve
when activated
by TR electronic
control valve
ISOLATION VALVE
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM58
Exhaust System ComponentsHydraulic control
valveDirects
pressurized fluid
flow to primary
and latch
actuators
Receivesdeploy/stow
commands from
TR electronic
control unit
Mounted on
forward firewall ofouter fan duct
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM59
Exhaust System ComponentsAutomatic throttle-
retard actuatorAutomatically
powered via
hydraulic control
valve
Drives crank to
position lever armLever overrides
any input to
throttle control
system trying to
position the PLA
above idleRetards throttle
control system
to idle
THROTTLE-RETARDACTUATOR
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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MenuL45 Mx Power PlantFamM60
Exhaust System ComponentsElectronic control
unitDirects hydraulic
pressure thru
associated
hydraulic control
valve
Coordinatesrespective TR
functions
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Exhaust System ComponentsTR levers
Enable crewinput to:
- Deploy/stow
TR doors
- Control reverse
thrust
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Exhaust System MonitoringThrust reverser
related displaysTR related
annunciations
appear on
respective N1 page
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Power Plant Overview
Basic engine Engine fuel and control system
Ignition and starting system
Air System Engine controls
Engine indicating
Exhaust system Oil system
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Oil System
Main function to lubricate:Engine bearings No. 1 thru 6
Accessory drive gears
Transfer gearbox
Reduction gears in planetary gearbox
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Oil System ComponentsOil filter bypass
valve andimpending bypass(P) switch
Bypass valve opens
if filter clogged
and differential
pressure acrossfilter reaches
35 psi (psi-delta)
P switch provides
signal to DAU if
psi-delta exceeds
24 to 30 psi
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Oil System ComponentsOil pressure switch
and relatedmessages
If pressure
> 50 psi, switch
signals respective
DAU
Signal from DAUsent to CWP and
EICAS illuminates
respective L R OILPRESS LOWmessage
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Oil System ComponentsOil tank servicing
components Sight gage and
filler neck
- On left engine,
crossover pipe
supplies alternate
servicing portwith integral
dipstick
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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Questions?
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/L45_M_Menua.ppt -
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