l10 Adsor Ion Ex

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    Source: NIOSH, 2003. Guidance for Filtration and Air-Cleaning Systems to Protect Building Environments from Airborne

    Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Attacks. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 2003-136. National Institute for Occupational Safety

    and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, Ohio. April 2003. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-136/2003-

    136c.html. Accessed February 21, 2006.

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    Figure by MIT OCW.

    Adapted from Culp, G.L., and R.L. Culp. New Concepts in Water Purification. New

    York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. 1974

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    GAC Tank

    ource: Metcalf & Eddy Inc.

    Wastewater Engineering: Treatment,

    isposal, Reuse. McGraw-Hill, New

    ork, 1979.

    2to3m

    Neva clog

    screen

    4to5m

    Surface wash

    Carbon bed surface

    25 mm

    sampling taps

    Carbon discharge

    Carbon chargeWash

    water

    Effluent

    Influent

    Backwash

    Backwash

    Bolt ring

    Full open cover

    with porthole

    1 to 2 m

    }

    gure by MIT OCW.

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    Granular activated carbon tanks at MMR

    Source: MMR, undated. Extraction, treatment and reinjection. Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, Installation

    Restoration Program, Massachusetts Military Reservation. http://www.mmr.org/community/guide/extraction.htm. Accessed

    March 7, 2004.

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    GAC Breakthrough

    Cb

    Volume of Water Treated, V

    Typical Breakthrough Curve for Activated Carbon

    EffluentSoluteConcentration

    Cl

    Ci C2 Cb

    Py

    Vb

    Exhaustion

    Vx

    <

    Source: Metcalf & Eddy Inc.

    Wastewater Engineering: Treatment,

    Disposal, Reuse. McGraw-Hill, New

    York, 1979.

    Figure by MIT OCW.

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    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

    pH

    -1.00

    -0.50

    0.00

    0.50

    1.00

    1.40

    FeOH2+

    Fe(OH)2+

    Fe(OH)3(s)

    FeCO3(s)

    Fe3+

    Fe2+EH,v

    -7M

    or 5.6 42-, CO2 3

    - oC, and Pressure of 1 atm.

    Water Oxidized

    Water Reduced

    Forms of Iron in Water as Function of Redox Potential Versus pH Constructed with Total Iron Activity 10

    g/L, 96 mg/L SO Species at 1000 mg/L HCO , Temperature at 25

    Figure by MIT OCW.Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous.

    Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 1571.

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    +1.2

    +1.6

    EH,v

    WaterReduced

    WaterOxidized

    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

    -1.6

    -1.2

    -0.8

    -0.4

    +0.4

    +0.8

    0

    Mn2+

    MnO4-

    MnO2(s)

    Mn2O3(s)

    Mn3O4(s)

    [Mn]total = 10-6

    M Mn(OH)2(s)

    Mn(s)

    pH

    25oC.

    Forms of Manganese in Water as Function of Redox Potential Versus pH at a Water Temperature of

    Figure by MIT OCW.

    Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous.

    Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 1579.

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