L5 - MANIFOLDS & WELL CLUSTERS DRILLING TEMPLATES TEMPLATE MANIFOLDS WELL CLUSTERS AROUND A MANIFOLD DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS MANIFOLD COMPONENTS VALVES CHOKES CONTROL MODULES PROTECTION

EXAMPLES

POSSIBLE SUBSEA TIE-BACK OPTIONSINDIVIDUAL WELLS - NO MANIFOLDING Control umbilical

10 Production Flowline

6 Test Flow TEMPLATE MANIFOLD

MANIFOLD WITH CLUSTER WELLS

M A I N F COMPONENTS MANIFOLDO L D C O M P O N E N T SV A LV E S G A T E A N D B A L L D E S IG N S

C H O K E S S L E E V E / C A G E D E S IG N

C O N TR O L M O D U LE S O N T R E E O R M A N IF O L D N o . O F C O N N E C T IO N S

IN S T R U M E N T A T IO N P F P L R E S S U R E / T E M P E R A T U R E L O W O S IT IO N IN D IC A T IO N E A K D E T E C T IO N

P IP E W O R K A N D M A T E R IA L S C A R B O N S T E E L , D U P L E X , C R A S E A L S U R F A C E S IN L A ID T H E R M A L E X P A N S IO N E R O S IO N / C O R R O S IO N IN S U L A T IO N

C O N N E C T IO N SB O L T E D , C L A M P E D , H Y D R A U L IC . S C R E W E D

Template Functions The primary function of a subsea template is to provide guidance for positioning wells and controlling their positions relative to one another. Some specific functions of a subsea template are: To provide a guide for positioning the well conductor and guiding the conductor during installation. To control spacing between adjacent well conductors. To provide guidance and support for the BOP in some cases. To provide guidance and support for well completion equipment (e.g. trees) in some cases. To accommodate pre-installation of well flowline piping and facilitate interface of the production trees with their flowlines. To accommodate pre-installation of tree control hardware and facilitate interface of the production trees with their controls.

Typical Drilling TemplateALBA FIELD PREDRILLING TEMPLATE (ahead of jacket installation)

Manifold functionsThe general function of a subsea manifold is to gather and distribute production through an arrangement of piping and valves. Some specific functions are: To collect the flow from individual satellite wells into a production header and control the delivery of the commingled flow to a field production gathering flowline To collect the flow from several field production gathering flowlines and deliver that flow to a larger production export pipeline. To isolate the production from individual wells and deliver it to a well test header or a well test flowline. To segregate high pressure and low pressure production into separate high pressure and low pressure headers and flowlines. To control the flow from individual wells by means of subsea chokes. Wells may be choked at the trees or at the manifold.

Manifold functions (contd) To distribute injection water or gas from a common supply header to individual injection wells (water injection or gas injection manifolds). To distribute lift gas from a common lift gas header to individual wells (lift gas manifold). To facilitate pigging of subsea pipelines by provision of pig isolation valves, tees and pig detector instrumentation mounted on the manifold structure. To provide structural support of the piping and flowline connector at the flowline connection interface. To provide ROV or installation tool interfaces for installation of flowlines, chokes, pig launchers, pig receivers and other components.

MANIFOLD FUNCTIONS FOR 3 PRODUCTION & 2 WATER INJECTION WELLS + SPARES

PRODUCTION WELL 1

PRODUCTION WELL 2

PRODUCTION WELL 3

PRODUCTION WELL Spare

PT

PT

PT PT

SMPM

Pigging Loop

PRODUCTION WATER INJECTION GAS (for Lift) TEST LOOP (with Multiphase meter WATER INJECTION WELL 1 WATER INJECTION WELL 2 WATER INJECTION WELL Spare

MANIFOLD SYSTEM FROM MALAMPAYA DEEPWATER GAS FIELD

NUMBER AND TYPE OF WELL

MANIFOLD DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

PRODUCTION, WATER INJECTION, GAS INJECTION GAS LIFT SINGLE / DIAL ZONE OPERATIONS DISTANCE FROM HOST FACILITY VERTICAL, DIVIATED OR HORIZONTAL WELLS PHILOPHY OF OPERATION RELIABILITY AND NEED FOR ACCESS GENERAL VISUAL INSPECTION MAINTENANCE, VALVE OPERATIONS REPAIR BY REPLACEMENT

INSPECTION MAINTENANCE & REPAIR

WATER DEPTH AND SEABED TYPE LOADS ON STRYCTURE Self Weight, Impact Snagging, Environmental, Thermal FIXING BY GRAVITY BASE, SUCTION PILE OR PILE

INSTALLATION LIFT WEIGHT TRANSPORT TO SITE AVAILABILITY OF LIFT VESSEL AT LOCATION

FLOW & PRODUCTION CONSIDERATIONS PRODUCTION FLOW RATES + TURNDOWN GAS LIFT, WATER INJECTION CHEMICAL INJECTION

OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS WELL TESTING (TEST LINE OR MULTIPHASE METER PIGGING (LOOP OR SUBSEALAUNCHER / RECEIVER) WELL SERVICING. WORKOVER

Template / Manifold SystemsBALMORAL TEMPLATE MANIFOLDFor 14 Well Slots

TEMPLATE MANIFOLD WITH PROTECTION COVER

4 WELL TEMPLATE MANIFOLD SYSTEM

Typical Well Cluster System

VARIOUS WELL CLUSTER ARRANGEMENTSOptions 2 and 4 are most common

FIELD LAYOUT WITH CIRCULAR WELL CLUSTER (Also showing safe handling areas)

LYELL FIELD MANIFOLD & WELL CLUSTER (Circular)

LARGE MANIFOLD - STRASPHEY FIELD

MANIFOLD FOR 14 WELLS - Some 2000 tonnes weight 20m x 40 m - (note Reference Markers on Frame)

TEMPLATE MANIFOLDS vs WELL CLUSTERS ABOUT A MANIFOLD (Advantages and Disadvantages) TEMPLATE MANIFOLDEngineering - Complex due to number Of Components and Contractor Interfaces - Tolerated Interfaces on Tree and Manifolds - Template Required Before Drilling - Integrated Testing Required - Top Hole Locations Constrained by Template - Need for Spare Well Slots - Heavy Lift and Levelling Required

WELL CLUSTER- Simple Independent Interfaces - Separate Equipment Package

Schedule

- Fast Track Early Drilling before Hardware - Flexible Well Numbers and locations - Appraisal well Tie-in Ability - Lower Weight Manifold Lift - Not Sensitive to Levelling requirement - Layout Permits Simultaneous Drilling, Production and IMR - Needs Protection on Trees and Jumpers to be covered - Phased CAPEX - Good Access and IMR opportunity - Simple abandonment Operations, Lower Weights

Field Layout

Installation

Safety Protection

- SIMPOS Problems - Inherently Better

Cost Intervention

- Large Early CAPEX - Restricted Access to Central Manifold and TreeFaces - Plug and Cut all Wells To Release Structure - Heavy Lift Vessel Required

Decommissioning

GATE VALVE

BALL VALVE

LAND BASED CHOKE SYSTEM - Showing Choking Mechanism

SUBSEA RETRIEVABLE CHOKE WITH CROWN CONNECTOR

25kj

50kj

DROPPED OBJECT IMPACT

GRAPPLING LOAD SNAG60T

100T

CAPTURE LOAD

INSTALLATION AND OPERATIONAL LOADINGS ON A MANIFOLD Max Lift Weight (in air) = 90 Tonnes

DRAGGING ANCHORS MANIFOLD PROTECTION - SHIPPING LANES - CONSTRUCTION VESSELS - PRODUCTION VESSELD (FPSOs, FPVs) >> EXCLUSION ZONES AND PROCEDURES FISHING GEAR - DEFINE ACTIVITY - TYPICAL IMPACTS - 15 KJ - TYPICAL PULLING FORCES - 35 TO 60 TONNES >> PROBABILITY + LEVELS OF IMPACT OR SNAGGING DROPPED OBJECTS Basic Sources - DRILLING / COMPLETIONS AND WORKOVER - SUPPORT AND SUPPLY - DSV MSV - ANCHOR HANDLING - MERCHANT SHIPPING Areas Addressed - WHAT OBJECTS HANDLED, SIZE AND WEIGHT - FREQUENCY OF HANDLING - FREQUENCY = OBJECT DROP FREQUENCY x PROBABILITY THAT OBJECT DROPPED FROM GIVEN LOCATION x PROBABILITY OBJECT LANDS ON THE TARGET - TARGET AREAS - WHERE OBJECTS HANDLED >> LEVELS OF PROTECTION 50 JK etc >> SAFE HANDLING AREAS

REQUIREMENTS

LIST OF SOME POTENTIAL DROPPED OBJECTSObject / String Drill Rig Anchor ROV & Cage Drill Pipe 36 Bottom Hole Assembly 30 Conductor 18 Wellhead 15 t Container Full 15t Container Empty Gas Rack Skip Full Skip Empty 13 3/8 Casing 7 Liner Trees Tree Cap Dimensions W L 5.4 5.4 3.4 1.8 0.17 0.17 0.9 0.9 .76 1.0 6 6 2.1 3 3 1 0.5 3.2 1.1 .76 1.0 2.4 2.4 0.6 1.8 1.8 1 0.5 3.2 1.1 Dry H 5.9 3.4 27.9 35.3 12.2 12,2 2.4 2.4 1 1.8 1.8 12.2 12.2 11.4 1 Mass Tonnes 12 3.5 0.9 15.5 5.6 6.9 15 2.4 2.5 5 1 5.6 3.6 24 3.2 Handling Frequency (per year) 133 47 312 76 26 5 500 500 64 200 200 44 22 5 12