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Bullet in 1974Volume 3 Number 2

RhododendronSocietyof

,:> Canada

Soci6t6CanadienneduRhododendron

{l

CANADA'SMtlST EXTENSIVELISTING ()FTREES, SHRUBS,EVERGREENS,GR()UND C()VERS,PERENNIALS . . .

COMPANIONPLANTSFROMSIIERIDAN

7,.*** 136'Page Catalogue $1.00* Refunded With First Purchase4 GARDEN CENTRES IN METRO TORONTO

1 IN MONTREAL

fREES; Flowering Dogwood o Birch r Seryice-berry . Oak. Pine o Spruce o Hemlock

SHRUBS: Fothergilla t Chokeberry . Summer-sweef o Dogwood

GROUND COVERS: Heath c Bearberry . WildFlowers and Ferns

7OO EVANS AVENUE, ETOBICOKE, ONTARIO

SHERIDAN NURSERIES

Page I

OFFICERS

Honorary PresidentPast PresidentPresidentVice PresidentBul le t in Edi torAssistant EditorPublic Relations OfficerResearch ConsultantSecretary Treasurer

Dr. L. LakingK. DuncanR.E. l.lalwardL. HancockM.H. Van AlstyneL. HancockJ. WaxerK. BeggDr. H.G. Hedges

'1974-76 J.R. DeanMrs. L.M. Hi t lK. LaverJ. Ronsley

1973-75 R. BehringMrs. J. CohoeDr. D.L. CraigMrs. P. Waxer

1972-74 R.R. ForsterDr. H.G. HedgesDr. R.J. Hi l tonCapt. R.M. Steele

DIRECTORS

Published by the Rhododendron Society of Canada2151 Camilla Road, Mississauga, Ontario.Membership subscription - $5.00 per year.The Bulletin ol the Rhododendron Society of Canadais included as a benelit ot membershio.Permission to reprint any portion ot thisvolume must be obtained in writ ingFor inlormation write R.E. Halward,Box 399, Station A, Hamilton. Ontano.For membership write Dr. H.G. Hedges,4271 Lakeshore Road, Burtington, Ontario.

- -ag-

CONTENTS

Page 34

81 01 11 21 5

1 71 9

Editorial CommentA Defense of Rhododendron Catawbiense.G.G. Near ingDiseases of Rhododendrons C.O. GourleyBook Review W.J. Brender a BrandisThe Genus RhododendronNew Hybrids by David Leach J. RonsleyProposed Garden for Rhododendrons and OtherEricaceae Jardin Botanique du Montreal L. HancockThird Annual Meeting and Show 1974 M. Van AlstyneTimely Hints L. HancockRegional Notes Kentvil le, Nova Scotia

Frederiction, New BrunswickMontreal, QuebecToronto, OntarioToronto. Ontario

Coming EventsFront CoverMemoNew Members

23

24

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 91 31 41 7

Plant DiseasesBallad - Leach Hybrid (in colour)Jardin Rhododendron - Plan by L. HancockCourt of Honour - 1974 Flower Show (in colour)

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Ont.

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A DEFENSE OF RHODODENDRON CATAWBIENSE

G.G. Nearing Ramsey, New Jersey

Reprinted with kind permission from The Quarterly Bulletin of the AmericanRhododendron Society - Volume 12, Number 3 - 1958

We know f rom the records of that period, that a century ago the name Rhododendroncatawbiense conveyed a suggestion of something very f ine. lf we did not know it, the

existence of three names applied to sti l l popular hybrids - 'Catawbiense Album'.'Catawbiense Grandiflorum' and 'Catawbiense Boursault '- would confirm the fact.

None of the three is a form of the species. All are hybrids, though to be sure R.

catawbiense must have played an important part in their parentage, as it did in nearlyall the older hardy varieties. But plainly the namer considered that the word cat-awbiense would help to sel l h is p lants.

Today the once exalted name is usually accompanied by slurring remarks. Such isfame. The Catawba Rhododendron is not one iota less beautiful or less serviceable in

breeding that it was a hundred years ago. At that t ime it had to compete withB.arboreum, griffithianum, thomsonii, barbatum, grande, dalhousiae, nuttallii, cam-pylocarpum, and other species which to magnificence have hardly been excelled

by more recent in t roduct ions. Yet i t he ld a h igh p lace in popular esteem.

The fact is, writers, l ike to create fashions, so play up what is new by disparagingwhat is old. They have hacked away at the name catawbiense for so many gener-

ations that at last it has tottered from its pedestal. Let us consider impartially to seewhether its fate is deserved.

Natura l ly among the mi l l ions of wi ld p lants belonging to th is species, some are bet terthan others. The plant habit ranges from straggling and leggy to densely compact.F lowerco lo rmaybea lmos tanyshadeo f p ink i sh pu rp leo rpu rp l i sh p ink , bu t va r i es toa lairly pure red, a rather good lavender, and rarely pure white. No doubt there arealso pure p inks. Vis i tors to the south c la im that the color there is much super ior towhat they have seen in the north, but this may be due to some optical aberrationtraceable to a difference in surroundings.

It must be agreed howeverthat mostly the shade is a bad one for general gardening, a"rosy purple" which most writers miscall magenta. Magenta is "a rich and somewhatglaring red pigment" according to my dictionary. Like most bright reds it has atendency to c lash wi th other reds, and th is c lashing tendency is the only t ra i t i t has in

common with the shade which is popularly termed magenta. Since the discovery ofthis magenta red in 1859 it has enjoyed great popularity for women's clothing. I onceheard a woman raving against the color magenta, and hadn't the heart to tell hershewas wear ing a magenta dress. Af tera l l , the color she thought she was naming is not agood one. l t is the dominant shade in the genus Rhododendron, and in a great manyother races of f lowers.

R. catawbiense has a shapely leaf, usually a good shade of green, though tendingtoward yellowish when in full sun, and its f lowers, whateverthe tint, are borne in atruss of f ine form, well above the foliage - the model for those old hybrids ofAnthony Waterer and other breeders of a bygone century. New growth does not

commonly start unti l after the flowers have faded, and these do not fade unti lat leastten days after opening.Nor do they open unti l danger of frost is remote.

Such qual i t ies are a l l h igh v i r tues - a l l except the prevai l ing shade of purp l ish p ink,

But the highest virtue of all is hardiness. A night of thirty degrees below zero does noti n j u re t he p lan t and se ldom k i l l s i t s f l ower buds . The re i s no comparab le

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measures just s ix inches wide and s ix inches h igh, larger than most hardy hybr ids.There is a lavender tint in the bud, but as soon as open, the flower turns pure whiteexcept the anthers, and a ratherfaint yellowish central blotch. Not all the clusters areso large, but all are shapely domes in the best Rhododendron tradition.

I t is possib le that seedl ings of e i ther 'Catanea' or 'Cata lhar ' might , unl ike 'Cata lg la, 'retain the white flower. I have small seedlings of 'Catanea' crossed with 'Catalhar,'

and it wil l be interesting to see how they fare, but the results are years away, whilepropagation of Catanea is already well under way.

Gable's red catawbiense is about the shade of 'Parson's Grandiflorum,' not a pure,bright red, but a rather dull, somewhat muddy shade. Sti l l , anyone seeing it wil l agreethat it is red, not rose or pink or purple. lf on ly it made the vigorous, shapely growth of'Catanea,' I would propagate it also from cuttings, but it looks a l itt le sickly, with fewleaves, and of a dull, yellowish green. Perhaps part of its fail ing is due to the fact that itis grafted on maximum, but a much smaller plant that was cutting-propagated doesno t l ookwe l l e i t he r . l t s ch ie f va lue i s fo rc ross ingw i th tende r redhyb r i ds , f o r i t i s f u l l yhardy. But for red in landscape planting, we must sti l l depend on the hardiest of ourolder red hybrids.

The hybrid 'Catawbiense Alburn' is of course misnamed, because the words are inbotanical form, and seem to indicate that it is a natural variety ol R. catawbiense,which is not the case. But to try to take away from a plant a tit le under which it hasbeen known for a century, would be ridiculous mistake, adding more confusioninstead of clearing up the muddle. lt is certainly one of the best and hardiest of theCatawbiense Hybrids. The bush is shapely, though sornewhat large, the leaves withfine form and an excellent shade of green,and seldomattacked by insects orf ungi. lttakes a year longer to start f lowering than do most hybrids, but having reached agood size, blooms heavily every year. I do not rememberexactly what temperatures ithas endured, but the plant was not injured at 25 below zero, though I believe it maylose buds at about 20 below. My largest plants are grafts which at some time before Ibought them, suffered from bark-split, but this, no doubt, was due to the use offerti l izers. No Rhododendron is fully and dependably hardy here in the north ifferti l ized.'Catawbiense Grandiflorum,' another misnamed hybrid, is one of the best lavenders,a good shade, not to be confused with the objectionable rosy purple of the species.Its hardiness does not compare with 'Catawbiense Album,'though satisfactory forthe general region of northern New Jersey, southern New York and Connecticut. ltsfoliage, clean and smooth, tends to a deeper green than the average hardy hybrid,and in growth habit it resembles Roseum Elegans.'Catawbiense Boursault ' is not hardy and should not be included in the iron-clads.

The actual parentage of these and other old hybrids can only be conjectured. lt ishard to see in those mentioned and in 'Roseum Elegans'any influence except F.catawbiense and R. ponticum. The same is true of 'Purpureum Elegans' and 'Pur-

pureum Grandi f lorum, 'but here the pont icum is more ev ident . 'Boule de Neige 'and'Everestianum' seen to inherit the fri l led margin of the corolla from F. caucasicum,but are nevertheless predominantly catawbiense, while the complex of hybrids

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almost circular leaves, intrigues all who grow it, and is so nearly hardy that it would

seem certain eventually to fit into our gardening scheme for cold climates.

The yelfow ol camplyocarpum and wardii, the scarlet of haematodes, repens, er-

iogynum, the f ragrance of fortuneiand its relatives, all are waiting to be combinedinto hardy races, and that combination can scarcely be hoped for unti l we bringcatawbiense into the formula.

I am crossing'Catanea,'my bestwhitecatawbiense, with everyworthy species whichpromises to give us an outstanding race of elepidote hybrids. Or when the color inprospect is red, I use Gable's red catawbiense. But f inalsuccess from such breedingmust await a second generation. For quicker results, the same species are crossedalso on 'Boule de Neige, or 'Atrosanguineum' or 'Ket t ledrum. ' Both roads lead to the

same eventual goal with variations in the possible results. No matterwhat the coursepursued, the idea is to combine new beauties with the everlasting hardiness of the

toughest of all big-leaved Rhododendrons, R. catawbiense (given no awards, no

stars, no honours, not even any courtesies, by most of those who write on the

subject.)

DISEASES OF RHODODENDRONS

C.O. Gourleyl Kentvil le, Nova Scotia

Rhododendrons, l ike most other plants, when exposed to an adverse growth en-vironment become susceptible to attacks by f ungi. They not only mar the beauty ofthe foliage but if unchecked may so severely weaken plants that they eventually die.Usually rhododendrons are free of diseases but occasionally, when conditions areright for development and spread of fungus pathogens, plants may be severelyattacked. Infections often occur through injuries but when conditions favour thepathogen the more aggressive fungi may invade uninjured leaves and wood. De-structive diseases occur more commonly on the leaves than on the wood.

Rhododendrons that have been injured or whose growth has been inhibited byunfavorable l ight, temperature, moisture or soilconditions are more susceptible todisease than healthy plants. Damaged leaves and wood often become infected withparasitic fungi which usually aggravates the injury. Cultivars or species wil l vary intheir susceptibil i ty to injury and thus to disease. The least susceptible may remainhealthy while others may have buds, foliage and stems scorched by the sun insummer or in winter low temperatures and humidity may iniure plants.

ln 1972 following a severe foliage blight of rhododendron plants at the ResearchStation, Kentvil le, Nova Scotia, over 20 species of fungivarying from very aggressiveto weak pathogens were found on leaves and wood. The principal parasite was thefungus Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) Spauld. & Schrenk. with its conidial orsummer spore state Gloesporium rhododendri Br. & Cav. (Fig. 1, 5). Botryosphaeriarhodorae (Cooke) Barr also caused many primary infections on the foliage (Fig.2).This fungus has two summer spore stages, a conidial Phyllostictina maxima (Ell. &

lPlant Pathologist, Research Station, Kentvil le, Nova Scotia

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Page 10

mold is seldon a problem in the garden with adequate ventilation but it can attackf lowers and f lower buds following chil l damage. This disease is diff icult to control bymeasures other than strict sanitation and by avoiding practices which favor highhumidi t ies.

Many of the fungi found on rhododendrons in Eastern canada undoubtedly wereimported with plants from domestic and foreign nurseries. Others may be present onnative ericaceous plants related to rhododendron or even on other hosts from plantfam i I ies taxonomically un related to rhododendron.

Preventing infection or controll ing diseases is largely a matter of avoiding winterin jury through which the pathogen may gain a foothold in the host. The selection of agood growing site along with recommended cultivars and good cultural practiceswillpromote healthy plant growth where fungal pathogens would cause litt le trouble.At t imes it may not be possible to prevent frost damage especially on cultivars nearthe l imits of their hardiness. When this occurs remove and burn all dead and diseasedparts rather than applying a fungicide. chemical control may only be justif ied inlarge plantings where pruning would be impractical. The leaf spot fungi and themifdew fungus Microsphaera penicil lata (Wallr. ex Fr.) Lev. which also attacks thefoliage (Fig. 6) can be controlled with regular applications of fungicidal sprays.

To control leaf spot fungi spray 3 times at 10 day intervals beginning as the leaves areexpanding and again just after f lowering with one of the fungicides: (add the amountgiven to one gallon of water), sineb 1% T (tablespoon), benomyl 2 t (teaspoon),captan 2 T, thiram 2 T, ferbam 3 T, or a fixed copper compound such as tribasiccopper sulfate 31/z T. To each gallon of water add about % teaspoon of householddetergent or a commercial spreader sticker to help the spray adhere more firmly tothe leaves. Benomyl is the only f ungicide of those listed above that wil l also controlmi ldew.

BOOK REVIEW

W.J. Brender i Brandis Carlisle, Ontario

Rhododendrons and Their RelativesBrooklyn Botanic Garden

This 95-page booklet, published by the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, contains 27chapters each from a different author. The topics range from the genus in generaland its distribution throughout the world to the details of culture, hardiness andpropagation. Whether the reader is fully familiar with the subject or is a novice, hecan spend many pleasant and interesting hours of reading.

Some chapters deal with companion plants, which are usually not discussed in otherrhododendron books. We need heaths, heathers, pieris and others in our land-scaping with rhododendrons and azaleas. Many excellent black and white photo-graphs, and some colour enlighten the text. The cost is $1.50 per copy. Our secre-tary-treasurer, Dr. H.G. Hedges, wil l accept your order.

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NEW HYBRIDS BY DAVID LEACH

Joseph Ronsley Montreal, Quebec

The Winter 1973 issue of th e American Horticulturist (Vol. 52, No. 4, p.1 6) contains anarticle by David Leach entit led "The Mars/Venus Caper," and is on the subject ofbreeding rhododendrons. The article includes ten colour pictures of new Leachrhododendrons, most which can be described as spectacular when wethink of themin northeastern gardens. The Horticulturist article concerns itself only with thebreeding process, and the new hybrids are represented only by the pictures, so Ithought it might be a good idea to ask Mr. Leach for more information on the hybridsthemselves. He has kindly given me whatever information he could dig up, since, hesays, the pictures were selected more or less at random to serve the purpose of thearticle, and while some of the plants have great prospects, others wil l ult imately berejected.

All the plants are among the newest of Mr. Leach's clones, named and unnamed, andare mostly advanced generation hybrids. "Allderive their hardiness," says Mr. Leach,"from R. catawbiense var. album. All have been through -35o and they average inbud-hardiness about -20o " They wil lf irst appearfor commercial distribution in about1982. Being a l itt le more specific in a subsequent letter, Mr. Leach says that all the"hybrids have been through -35o, and all are bud-hardy to at least -15o/-20". Someare bud-hardy to -25o." The emphasis on these pafticular clones is "on novel colorsin completely hardy rhododendrons."

Reference can be made to the colour pictures in the Horticulturist article. In theirorder of appearance Mr. Leach has supplied the following information:

1. Tow Head - carolinianum var. album x ludlowii. Densely foliaged dwarf;or ig inal p lant 12" h igh, '15" broad.

2. [Unnamed] - l(scyphocalyx x kyawi) x Catalglal "Calcutta" x [(maximum xcatawbiense) x (dichroanthum x (discolor x camplylocarpum)l "Tahiti." Atubular yellow crossed with a near-orange produced this unusual color pat-tern. Stocky plant, well foliaged, with large, dark green glossy leaves.

3. Virginia Leach - f(maximum x catawbiense/ x "Jasper"l x [catawbiense var.album x "Fabia"l. Original plant 30" high, 60" broad, of sinuous growth habit.

4. [Unnamed] - (maximum x catawbiensel x "Mrs. Furnival." An attempt to cap-ture the dramatic blotch of "Mrs. Furnival" in a sub-zero hardy hybrid. Lateblooming. Or ig inal p lant 6 ' ta l l , 4 ' broad.

5. lUnnamed] - catawbiense var. album x l(dichroanthum x griffithianum) xauriculatuml. Late. Many interesting seedlings from this cross.

6. Small Wonder - "Fanfare" x "Gertrude Schale." Low, densely foliaged For-resti i hybrid. Early. Original plant 30" high, 60" broad.

7. Peach Parfail - catawbiense var. album x [(dichroanthum x griftithianum) xauriculatuml. Lale.

8. [Unnamed] - (maximum x catawbiense,) x "Jasper." Late.

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JARDIN RHODODENDRON GARDEN

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the Hort icu l tura l Research Ins i t i tu te of Ontar io and Woodland Nurser ies of Miss-issauga. Ken Begg and Les Hancock and thei r wi l l ing helpers are to be congratu latedon thei r ef fect ive d isplays.

The Annual Compet i t ion took p lace Saturday morning, the b iggest and best yet inboth mood and stat is t ics - 19 exhib i tors, 127 entr ies. A number of c lasses were wel lrepresented, presenting a real challenge for the judges. Of course some were indis-putably super ior and the f ina l awards were:John E. Brent Award, Best in Show - Ken Duncan, 'Golden Or io le ' (Azalea hybr id) .Best Species Award - R. Halward, R. carolinianumBlanche E . Sne l l Award , Bes t Rhododendron i n Commerce - R . Ha lwa rd ,'Scint i l la t ion '

E. Frank Palmer Award, Best Hardy Canadian Hybr id - K. Begg, H.R. l .O. , Seedl ingN o . 7 1 2 4

Our thanks to the Judging Commit tee; Dr . R.J. Hi l ton, R. Behr ing, W.J. Brender dBrandis, Dr . D.L. Craig and A.W. Smith, and to thei r hard work ing c lerks, JanethCooper, Kaye Toye, Mary Cohoe and Dorothea Lovat Dickson.

The Annual Meeting was brief, well attended and covered most topics necessary, aswel l as being an arena for many compl iments, some construct ive cr i t ic ism andimaginat ive suggest ions for the development of the Society.

The magni f icent weather of the day (af ter a cold wet spr ing) made the af ternoon areal p leasure. F i rs t s top was the Vineland Exper imenta l Stat ion wi th i ts f ine d isplay,where members were t reated to a box lunch p icnic . Al Smith of Niagara Fal ls , LyalFretz of Vineland and Char l ie Tausky of Gr imsby were "At Home" to welcomemembers to see thei r co lour fu l garden d isplays and impressive specimen plants andto "talk rhodos" to their hearts content.

A f i t t ing f ina le for a real ly good day, a banquet was held at the Place Polonaise,Gr imsby. Good food and good company preceeded a most in terest ing i l lust rated ta lkby Don Craig who at tended f rom Kentv i l le , Nova Scot ia. His presence d id much tostrengthen a feeling of rapport between the southern Ontario group and the Mar-i t imes. We were p leased too to welcome one of our members f rom the U.S. , HomerSal ley f rom Toledo, Ohio.

The trophies were presented to the winners and plaques were presented to Bil lBrender a Brandis as Fi rs t President and to Ken Duncan as outgoing President inrecognition of the leadership, encouragement and plain hard work that these twomen have contr ibuted to the establ ishment of the Society.

Many wi l l ing hands made the f ina l c lear up of the show go smoothly and the Societyapplauds a l l those who par t ic ipated in the Show and helped out in so many ways.Specia l thanks to Char l ie Tausky and the Gr imsby Garden Club for a l l they d id tomake the Thi rd Annual Show such a f ine event .

'a.reqdsoule A.rp loq P ueql uorlcaltad lalea.rO ut s]lnsal tqOll lo,{1ua1d qltrvr (3"92xeu) uorlrpuoc lsrour 'looc

V 'o^ l lo ,{ep 1se1 alll lol lequeqc ralooo e ut 1t aceld

uorll pue ,tressecau ueLll ialllPa llq e uo ;ueld eq1 6utlq o1 rallaq sl 1t ̂es uautmoqspecueuedx3 elepMoqsoLlluo0uuamol1 otut.tdut llnsalllli ]uauleollaLllJaqiaqno1 se 0urssanb ectu pue lueu;Dpnf poob lo Jall€tu e sl ll 'op

llltt Outtlnc lnoqllMloor aq] elel ]snl ll!iv\ leqt Jeuieluoc Aue pue ut lue;d aLtt tas ol l.!nlpoLu lseq oqlssonr uunubeqds lsrou pull aA srooput 1r 6ur6uuq pue 6uuds ut punol6 aql lo lnosr lsorl oql se uoos se 6urpr; ,{q ta1se1 6uole }q0nolq aq uec 1ue;d 6utlarvloll alPl aql

'uosEespll.! le lasA;lensnsr L{crq^'Moqsaql}oaultstl}lPromolluIasoqlolpo}!tu!l aJar^ai^}l pa}lqlqxaoq lou plnoc ieql alpl pup Iltea qioq satlatle^ dueu alB alaql laAa/rAoH 'aoueLuloJ

-.red uapleb ro,{p;enb rol soctoL.lo lno 6urprn0 loJ acuect1tuOts 411111 aAELI plno/v\

s]rqrqxeJno asrm;aqlo'apnl pooO e st stql'slooplno peJalutM aneq lsntrt lueld P ]Et{}sr elnJ aql smoqs Ilercos lol lnq 'suoseas

J+o lp lamoll olut lqOnotq ale s1ueld s/vloqs

lercrauJuroc ro:l 'sAAotlS lBnuuV lno lol uotltpuoc auut.td ut luBld aloqm lo ssnll e aleq

ol rop.ro ur 0uuerno;1 lo aut] aql lolluoc ol Moq polse aAPq slaqluaLu lno to sulos

ruoolg 6ulp.relag ro 6u1cro1

oueluo 'eOnessrss1y1 lcooueH sal

slNtH A'lll,lllJ.

w'.

6uuqeg rpng :olotld CL6L t .oN - Z aulnlon 'utlollnE aql lo ra^oo luo.ll

oqt uo u^ oqs ssnr] otli se ssorc oules aql [!oll st tZLL'oN pllqAq puelouln aqf(a6ed ailsoddo uo lxal ees)

'MOqS relv\oll lBnuuv pllLll aql lP suqlqxa 6utuutM ,{qdorl lnouoH }o unoc

4 a5e4

Page lB

Retarding early flowering sorts is much simpler. In this case the plant to be shownshould be l i f ted when only afewf lowerbudsarefu l lyopen, p laced in aconta inerandset in a ref rigerator at about 38' to 40" F. to bring further development nearly to a halt.When to br ing i t out to warmer a i r and l ight is a lso a mat ter of n ice judgment .

cut f lower exhibits can be treated in the same way, and be held sometimes for a weekor more, without serious effect on the quality or beauty of colour of the individualf lorets. Note that late f lowering sorts cannot be forced into bloom by earlier cutting oftrusses but must be advanced by the whole plant method. tr

Mulching

The last two years of summer drought and winter cold have driven home the lessonfor me that some form of year round mulching is not only desirable but absolutelynecessary for really successful rhododendron culture. In visits to leading gardens inthe United States we have noticed the use of all sorts of trash such as corn cobs,wood chips or cocoa beans shells, l iberally covering the ground around plants.Unsight ly though th is rubbish somet imes is , ar is ing out of i t are v igorous, mag-nificently healthy rhododendron plants. lt appears that a cool but aerated root run isa vital prerequisite to healthy rhododendron culture. The benefits are many. Theground surface is kept from drying out and baking in the summer heat. Moisture fromevery rainfall is conserved, and the protection allows the delicate roots to come rightto the soil surface for that high degree of aeration that is.so necessary for theirsuccessful growth. Then when winter comes, the mulch becomes an insulatingblanket, greatly lessening the depth to which the soil wil l freeze in periods of severecold. This conserving of some unfrozen ground around the roots allows the plants toreplace moisture lost from the evergreen leaves during the winter. The slow deco-mposition of the lower layers of mulch adds food for the rhodos. lt also discouragesweed growth and those that do appear are loosely rooted and are pulled easily.

In our own case we have found that in woodland and semi-woodland culture, theannual leaf fall is generally adequate, provided that we allow other small vegetationsuch as ferns, "jack-in-the-pulpits", violets, tri l l iums etc. to remain undisturbed.Leaves fall ing on the woodland walks are swept into the foreground plantings for anadditional benefit. Certainly it would appear preferable from an aesthetic point ofview to encourage the development of low ground covertypes of vegetation, insteadof l i ttering the soil surface with masses of decaying l ifeless trash. At Sennevil le inQuebec, Dr. Louis Schwartz is using Pachysandrateminalls (Japanese Spurge) mostsuccessfully as a green base for his annual azalea display.

There are of course others who instinctively crave a neat, well manicu red garden withclearly defined lines of demarkation between flower beds and lawn, and specimenplants brought to a high degree of perfection by scientif ic care. For such gardenowners I would think that clean bark chips or wood nuggets could be both attractiveand provide the best answer. Cocoa bean shells also make a neat mulch. Peat doesn'twork well. l t dries out the soil and when dry itself, blows away with the wind. Forwinter cover of course snow is ideal, but in most areas it would be a mistake to rely onit alone, so make sure you use some form of mulch, in both summer and winter.

lelos q6noua'fuenrqe3 ut 6utpe13'lJo unJ plnoc Jale^ oql alolaq slsoll ldnlqepuBJe^oc rvrous asieds eq1 go 6ut11eu 'sutel luenbell lo llnsal B sB sacel lcoJpue sedols uo se llaA se punol6 la^el uo paulJol sem ecl lualBdsuell lsotlllV r+

'ebeurep looJ ul

6u rllnsar 'puno.rO uezorl elqeaulledut-la1e/r^ aqlJa^o llos lo,,Z L-Z dot aql1o,,8l.-y {q 6urneeq Attqbtu qlrrtr Aeyl-;;.rdv ul }ceile al!l-}soJleulJad :seale pesodxaur punor6 eql ul laal g re^o ol uollelleuad lsoll :%91 ueLll ssol {ltptunq e^lleleJrlp ql!/'^ ,{lpa1eade.r 's{ep lseploc eq1 1o Iueu 6utlnp;aqleern ̂pulrvr pue {uuns:srnoq urqlrm lsorl r{neeq 'uappns {q pernollol ulPJ ulle/n lo spotled paleade.tj.gz- ol arnleradurel:(eull ̂uB le punolO eql uo ,,9'xeul) ̂ ous lo lce-l +

u.rlBd'n'{laracugg

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BJoll a^llpu aLll lo lsll 6uo1 e 1nq 'qOno.rq1 auJec sclloxa lsot 'bullds aq1 u1 6ulurtro.tp

puB lo: Jelloc'6u!urlds-u.rels ql!/v\ lcaga asnoquae:6 e 6ulsnec **.tor(B; ac1 lueledsuellaq1{q o1 peppe sp/v\ slql 11y

'pe;ntu! slooqs 6uno{lteq1 peq slcoluJotl puP sJ!} tuesleq'seurd a1qm ua^3 'peulnq A;snoyas ro pe;111-do1 Jaqlla aJo/t^ (pltr, aqt u! pue uaplB6alll ul) aeacecu3 a^lleu lsoul leql uolleruesqo aql s1 ecuecl;;u6;s ;9

'sbu11ueld

Jno ol le^eoslgr.lm uolloo1o.rd ,{ue ent6 lou op I leql loquleueu 'asn slnln} Jol lsaleleulllln aLll se elqlssod +s;olsel clleullc lo uolleulquoc lsallseu aq1 pacuelladxa

enpLl ol pesee;d ,fuen uB | 'eloq/v\ aql uO 'unl 6uo; ol'll u! ocuanbasuoc Joulu lo lnquourruoc sern ebeutep alB.tepof{ 'lla^A penl^lns seq selceds qoeo lo ouol3 auo lsPelle qbnoque 'pa:nfu1 I;snoues Jo peap loqlle aJe selcads Jotllo Jnol lo souolc aulos:peap I1e1;u;;ap eJe {yrq1 lnoqe 1o selceds uoJpuapopotlH o/n1 I;uo le; og '6u1lds

Al.ree eql ur secupJeodde 1;e r.uo.r; palcedxa oq ol se^ ueql Jelleus eq ol 'Mou 'leedde

,,r{lnluec-e-go-relul/(,, lsed eql la^o sossol JnO il-e41t 6u;rnp finlu; ralu;6

VL6l'lL eunf - Jallo-'l r,lred 'n 'rG 'g'N'uolcueparJ

'Ilneeq lear Iofue ol pue spuaUl laour ol otull s - ,(ep lelceds fuen

e s! l! euros Jol 'lue^e peqsllqelso up /(ou sl slll^luey 1e ,,{epung uolpuepopotlu,,'6u!ues

lernlBu 'lueseald lsou e u I pa6ueJlE suolpuapopoqi pup s?alpze 000 L ueql aJoul oos

ol ,tllunlroddo ue peq uollels qctPeseH eLll ol eulPc lPql asoql '1eed l;eq1 lB ere/v\s6u11ueld oql pue uiJp/'^ pup {uuns - ,(ep Inllneeq e sertl ,,Iepuns uoJpuopopoqg,,

's6u;1ue|d aLll pe/v\e!^ eldoad 0OOg ueql e.lotu leql el"ulllsa a/n 'lle q'r,;€7eql laUBpue ol.roUd uoll"ls eql ol auec sJEc olouu pelpunLl leJaAaS

'{epung uo uollets aql olaLuBc sJec Oot I re^o lsnf 'lsaq slt pue,,{epung uoJpuapopo'.|H,, tllS s,olll^lue) se/v\ ll'S'N 'alp^luay 'uollBlS qo.reaseg '"ppupC ernllncpby aq1 1e {epung uolpuepopoqHsp/v\'pJez eunl'{epung uollEls qJrBeseu'[epung uorpuapopoqu

6;er3'1'q ellocs P oN 'ollllt1ue)l

61 a6e6

s3roN lvNorcsu

Page 20

heat penetrated the ice to melt a thin layerof soil just below the ice on probablyal l sunny days.

*** This happened to quite a few plants growing where they and the ground aroundtheir roots were in the shade of either rocks or shrubs and trees, i.e., as if theyhad been mulched and protected from the sun by artif icial devices.

Montreal, Quebec Joseph Ronsley

The second annual meeting of the Rhododendron Society in the Montrealarea washeld th is year on the evening of June 8th, at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Rudi Behr ing inSte. Dorothee, Quebec. Attendance at this meeting showed considerable de-velopment since our first meeting last year, not so much in the numberof people whoat tended (which, i t turned out , was only s i igh i ly increased - to '19) , but in the numberof people attending who are more seriously involved in growing rhododendrons andazaleas. Les Hancock was with us again - as we would wish him always to be -, butin ourcompanyfor thef i rs t t imeth isyearwereJackVan Gemeren, Head Gardenerofthe Montreal Botanical Garden, Trevor Cole of the Plant Research Institute. Or-namental Plant section, ottawa, and Dr. Louis schwartz, who with the masses ofazaleas up to 25 years old in his own suburban garden provides the most convincingargument to date that these plants can be grown successfully in Montreal, not just ascuriosities but as the foundation of a beautiful garden.

Last year our idea was to have a winter meeting, when people could be reminded oftheir gardens then buried under snow and ice. This year Rudi Behring wiselychanged the pattern, so that our meeting took on an important added dimension inthat the gardens were visible. Rudi himself, of course, has several plants of interestwhich we viewed upon our arrival. Then, moving into the house, the meeting in-cluded the showing of slides, and discussion of the previous week's meeting andf lower show in Grimsby, future possibil i t ies for the Montrealarea in terms of chapterstatus, plant varieties suitable for Montreal, aspects of cultivation, plans for a newrhododendron section of the Montreal Botanical Garden, and other relevant sub-jects. I suppose that ult imately, however, one of the most important aspects of suchmeet ings is the in formald iscussion, and th is evening the make-up of the group madesuch discussion particularly interesting and fruitful. Dr. schwartz has kindly con-sented to act as host for next year's meeting, which should give all area members anopportunity of seeing what is certainly the most important planting of its kind inMontreal.

A few of us - Les Hancock, Rudi Behring, Jack Van Gemeren, my wife and myselfhad visited Dr. Schwartz's garden the previous afternoon, a visit which might becharacterized by Les immediately whipping out his camera upon his arrival and byJack's exclamation of "impossible" when he saw the seven-foot azaleas (which werenot even yet in full bloom due to the late spring). In the garden, too, Len Rowcliffeinterviewed Les Hancock for some gardening "spots" on a local radio station; thesewere broadcast the following sunday. Earlierthat day I had met Rudi Behring andLes Hancock (who had just f lown in) at the Botanical Garden, where we conferred atsome length with Jack Van Gemeren, Pierre Bourque, Section Head of the Arbo-retum, and Andre Champagne, Director of the Garden and of Montreal parks. Les's

E

'eorP oluoJol aql ul JleJJe lBnuuP uP auiocaq lll/t^ /v\ot{s lPcol lsJll slql lPql padoq st 11.pale;n1et0uoe aq ol aJp paledrcrued oqM slaquoul eqf 'ssaccns e el!nb sem Aep eql

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V 'palsaralut euo^ue ol suolpuopopoq.l lnoqe ute;dxa o1 uoouJalle aq1 qOnolql pueq

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alssal 'sJlA 'staqulau laqlo r{q palsrsse sEM puP louo1uoc sem ladgoC Llleupl 'sJy11

'peluesa.rdal lla/( se/vl snuab eql uttllrr'n AlatieA aql lBql os sad{l {ueul 1opue^lrlenbLl6!qloLlloolqqltm,{}tcBdecolpallllse^ qclq/v\aJluaCeqllouloololnlcelpauolllpuoc Jle oql ul ploq sBM Moqs aql 'l!e

zL-01 uaa/vueq 6ul6ets aql lol eull ul

suoolq lsoq llaql qlt/v\ pa^tjle sloqueu eql lo ,{ueru lnq 'loq pue {uuns servr {ep eq1

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s|||y!uoQ.suaplegsplP/t^pS,elluaSuaplecc|^|caqlu!p|eqse^^sIql./t'\ot|Slo^^o|lenrilleduoc-uou E ut aledtclUed ol pall^Ul elaM eole oluojol aql u! a^ll otl,v\ CSUaql lo slaquoul eLll'tL6L 'tll6 eunp'Aepung ug tnoqs Jorvtoll dnorg oluolol

uecuno ua)olreluo'oluolol

'lueula^loAul s!ql Joql.Inl

ol leep 1eal6 e plp I pue / eunf lo pualee^ eql 'pa^lo^u! etuoceq sace;d lueyodtulut pue acuauedxe;o eldoad se stlpuelp oulurocaq s! lPelluoy{ u| sseloojd 'llp u! llv

'o0?- se iv\ol sE oO sa:nte.radLuel lelull eleql olel eql ol u/v\op 6ulpuacsap

slueld reqlo pue suolpuapopor.U 1o edols anlssaldu.tl slq ̂ el^ ol (8t 'd 'Z 'oN'Z 'lo1

'uttalpg 3gg ees) suetluernel eLll u! auiol'l oplselel slq lP usqlle 'H 'M'lI1 pellsl^

arvr 6uru:oru 6u1rrno11o1 eq1 'lualedder{;tpeel sl uaplBe lPcluelog leeJluoy\ oql ol lls!^stLll lo acueuodr.ulaql .6uruane 6urrvro1lO1 eq1 6urleau oLll lP IcPf ol luass.ld ol dpea.t

,{lpelcadxeun se/v\ sa-.1 qcrqrrl ueld e 'uotlces aql tol ueld pepuautuocai e au!llno

ol pelsp sE/v\ aLl qclqm uo deu e q1;rvr (es;.rd.rns slq ol) peluaseld sB/n sa-'l puP 'pessnc

-slp ela^ selillrqlssod pus suotltpuoc snoueA ale;1 'uepleO uolpuepopoLu popualu!

aql lo ells aql 'lueuodutt lsoul 'pue 'uap:e6 puelpoo^ 'uepleb euldle 'asnoq apeqs

eql - pamollol ueplee eql fo suBd lue^alel lo Jnol V 'l?lpJoc fuen sern uolldecel

aLll 'slelcllto uopleC erll lo ued aql uo tlJselsnqlue aulnue6 pollec eq lqblu leqt'^ ol

1"ara1u, ;ea., Aren B se^ lpq/r1 lgq/v\'lu!t{l ; 'pe6ueqc eslpedxe snol1qo pue ecueseld

!z ebea

Page 22

Toronto, Ontario Ken Duncan

Edwards Gardens Planting The 1973 planting of rhododendrons and azaleas inEdwards Gardens, Toronto which came about through the co-operation of themembers of the RSC in the Toronto area and the Parks Department of MetropolitanToronto was an unqualif ied success. lt was decided by the Edwards Gardens Plant-ing commit tee (consist ing of K. Duncan, chai rman, Mrs. J . cooper, Mrs. H. Mack-enzie, Mrs. J . Waxer, Mr. F. Gal lop) to invest igate expanding the p lant ing.

our Genia l commissioner of Parks, Mr. T.w. (Tommy) Thompson was again ap-proached at the beginning of the year with the suggestion that more ground beprepared for additional plants to be supplied by our local members, as well as movingto the new area large rhodos and azaleas from the originalcongested planting, long afeature of the Gardens. Mr. Thompson again gave us the green light.

An appeal was then made to our local members for donat ions. whi le we d id notreceive much money - a total of $45.00 we did have more plant material offered bythose interested, which was just as welcome.

Mr. otto Richter, superintendent of Parks, supplied us with some Red oak (euercusrubra) standards, plus a standard of the new snowbird Hawthorn (crataegus mor-denensrs'Snowbird') and the new flowering crab (Malus) 'Maybride'forthe requireddapple shade. Also supplied were some plants of Lowboy Firethorn (pyracanthacocccinea 'Lowboy') for the front of the planting. These plants, along with theexisting Red Bud (cercis canadensis) and mature spruce and cedar etc. plus re*cently added white pine (Pinus strobus) wil l add additional interest to the planting.

Mr. Dieter (Dick) Maier, the foreman of the Gardens (fast developing a case ofRhododendronitis) and his staff (several also being affl icted) did all the work withtheir usual competence. The new planting was prepared just south of last year'seffort.

when the plants came into bloom, we had quite a fine show. Mr. Maier has expandedthe existing planting of sci//a campanulata (a gift of non-members) with drifts ofmore of the same. The beautiful blue of these bulbs (no garden should be withoutthem) acts as a foil for the azaleas and rhododendrons. Primulas have also been wellestablished. The overall effect was most pleasing and visitors to the Gardens weremost impressed. This writer talked with people from Britain, Europe, and the U.s. atthe site during the spring season. All were most interested to learn that the plantswere hardy in the Toronto area.

Later in the season new steps were constructed at the north end of the Gardens.These are on the west side of the stream which bisects the Gardens, and are north ofour p lant ing. They c l imb the west s lope to the perennia land rose gardens above. oneither side of these steps large rhododendrons were planted, gifts of some of ourmembers. An underplant ing of pr imulas etc. is being added. A smal l pool is in thevic in i ty and there is room for expansion in th is area as wel l .

There is no doubt that rhododendrons and azaleas thrive in Edwards Gardens in theareas so far tested. Given the combination of the right site and a concerned staff of

E

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rol snotlel au.tocaq plnoc suaprBe aql 'sJequleuJ CSU lo lsaJalut aq1 snld 'sleuapleO

97 a6e6

Page 24

NEW MEMBERS

Ains l ie , Mrs . Wi l l iam6515 MacMi l lan AvenueNiagara Fal ls, Ontario

A l len , Mr . & Mrs . E .D.R . R . 1Lynden, Ontario

A l len , J .S .43 Westdale DriveWelland, Ontario

Amphlett, B.R . R . 4Acton, Ontario

Bovees Nursery, The1737 S.W. CoronadoPort land, Oregon USA 97219

Breugst, GeorgBox 36Elora, Ontario

Campbe l l , Mrs . Sh i r ley3812 Black Creek RoadStevenvi l le, Ontario

Cohoe, Mrs. M.M.243 Helen StreetKingston, Ontario K7L 4R5

Col la rd , C.M.26 Bonacres AvenueWest Hil l , Ontario

Comfort, E.R , R . 4Acton, Ontario

Currie, Robert57 Chine DriveScarborough, Ontario

Dougall , Mrs. Dawn15 Tangmere RoadDon Mi l l s , Ontar io

Elgie, PercyThamesfordOntario

Fitgerald, Mrs. P.S.69 Summit AvenueSault Ste. Marie, Ontario

F leming, R.A.9 Sunnylea CrescentGrimsby, Ontario

Frost, Mrs. R.W.1 Ravenscl i f fe AvenueHamilton, Ontario L8P 3M3

Geale , B .B.95 DeVere GardensToronto, Ontario MsM 3G1

Hardy, James H.Box 327Fonth i l l , Ontar io

Harvey, Mrs. Anna60 Brock StreetKitchener, Ontario

Holloway, Miss ErmaBox 143Fenwick, Ontario

James, C. Murray6658 Adera StreetVancouver, B.C.

Jesson, El l iott E.PO Box 27Riverton, Conn. USA 06065

Joneit, Henry81 Blandford StreetWoodstock, Ontario

K ing , Mrs . J .A .Box 7Windham Centre, Ontario

Kovak, L.156 Keewatin AvenueToronto, Ontario

Krause, Jerome69 Wheeler AvenueToronto, Ontario

Lockwood, Dr. C.H.165 Riddell StreetWoodstock, Ontario

Mai t land , J . l .Box 102Beamsvil le, Ontario

Mintz, Mrs. S.15 Ridgewood RoadToronto, Ontario

Pethick, Mrs. L.W.3226 Spruce AvenueBur l ing ton , Ontar io

Reynolds, Mrs. Darlene239 Hazelglen DriveKitchener, Ontario

Richardson, Mrs. C.A.873 Falcon Blvd.Burl ington, Ontario

Ritchie, W.925 Longfel low AvenueMississauga, Ontario

Robertson, Mrs. MargaretR.R.1 , Frank l in Cent reHuntington, Co., Quebec

Russ, HarryR.R. 3, Gregory RoadSt. Catherines, Ontario

Sa lkus , Dr . & Mrs . A .3188 Grassfire CrescentMississauga, Ontario

Seaby, Mrs. M. Dorothy7 Sunnylea CrescentGrimsby, Ontario

Shore, Mrs. Merelyn105 Main Street S.Brampton, Ontario

Slater, E.G.10 Lorne AvenueLeamington, Ontario

Stap, Graham2124 Sandringham DriveBurl ington, Ontario

Stewart, Mrs. George314 Johnston DriveBurl ington, Ontario

Taft, Charles T.3404 Old Lakeview RoadHamburg, NY USA

Tharp, Russel l H.42 Carmichael CourtBox 873 Kanata, Ontario

Unser , Wi l l iam J .1'1 Howland AvenueToronto, Ontario

Walker, Mrs. ArthurR.R. 1Port Perry, Ontario

Young, Dr . J .C.29 Springdale DriveKitchener, Ontario

86 Marsdale DriveSt. Catherines, Ontario

f0H1{ c0111{01{ llunsEilEs LTD.BOX 2q), WATERDOWN, ONTARIO tOR 2H0 (416) 689'{5ill

GROWERS OFQUALITY ORNAMENTAL NURSERY STOCK

AzALEASCascadeHerbertl bmKarcnMollirSt€w!rtslowni!n

AZALEA SPECIESMucronulatumSchlippenbachii

RHODODENDRONSCatawbience AlbumCatawbiense BourtruhEnglirh RoeeumNova ZemblaP.J.,VLRoreum ElcganrRam!po

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P I N E H A V E NN U R S E R I E STOWER GREENHOUSE

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ALuays ready to sew)e Aou uith top qualitye)ergr.eena, trees, sLu,ubs, v'ose bushes andspring bulbs.

Anong the many gat'den eentz'e items forrho dp dendton eonnoi s s eLE s :

Fertilizers for acid loving plantsFerrous sulphate - Peat lt4rssSystemic fi:ngicide

475 QUEENSI { IAY WEST, M ISSTSSAUGA, ONT.(one mile uest of nwnber ten higVa'tay)

Connoisseurs

GanadianGrownRhododendrons

We offer for sale the largest var iety ofhardy rhododendrons and aza leasproduced in Eas tern Canada.

Our research work goes back thir ty-f iveyears . Some o f our f i r s t p lan t ings arenow a hea l thy seven fee t in he igh t andspread.

O u r a n n u a l p r o d u c t i o n o f y o u n g p l a n t sis f rom cu t t ings taken f rom p lan ts tha thave a l ready proven the i r wor th in ourW o o d l a n d T r i a l G r o u n d s .

New and ra re var ie t ies a re d i f f i cu l t toobta in . Wr i te to us about them. We maybe ab le to secure them fo r you .

I n a d d i t i o n w e p r o d u c e a w i d eassortment of t rees, shrubs, evergreensand herbaceous p lan ts .

W R I T E F O R C A T A L O G U E

WOODLAND NURSERIES2 1 5 1 C a m i l l a R o a dM ississauga, Ontar io, Canada