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RhododendronSocietyofCanada

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Bulfetin 1977Vo lume 6 Number 1

Soci6t6CanadienneduRhododendron

CANADA'SMI)ST EXTENSIVELISTING (lFTREES, SHRUBS,EVERGREENS,GR(IUND C(IVERS,PERENNIALS . . .

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1 M-Page Catalogue $1.00Refunded With First Purchase

4 GARDEN CENTRES IN METRO TORONTO2 IN MONTREAL

fREES: Flowering Dogwood o Birch o Ser-v i c e b e r r y o O a k o P i n e . S p r u c e .Hemlock

SHFUBS; Fothergilla o Witch-hazel o Win-terberry o Dogwood

GROUND COVERS: Heath o Bearberry .Wild Flowers and Ferns

7OO EVANS AVENUE, ETOBICOKE, ONTARIO MgC 141

SHERIDAN NURSERIES

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COMPANIONPLANTSFROMSHERIDAN

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Page 2

CONTENTS

Page 3 Editorial CommentIn Memor iam

4 Azaleas as Bonsai E. Kenzie6 Heaths and Heathers in Eastern Canada K. Leishman8 News f rom H.R. | .O. (Vineland Stat ion) A.W. SmithI Rhododendrons as House Plants W. Ostrom

10 Azaleas and Rhododendrons in Southernmost CanadaR. Erdelan

14 Better Plants for Better Results F. GallopSixth Annual Meet ing and Flower Show 1977

15 Two New Trophies16 Book List D. Lovat Dickson17 Rhododendron Species Foundation H.G. Hedges18 P ropaga t i on o f Knaph i l l Hyb r i d Aza leas f rom S tock P lan ts

Forced in a Greenhouse D.L. Craig & A.C. Brydon20 Everyone Needs an Index F. Galtop21 Feeding for Flowers M.H. Van Alstyne

Presentations to Horticultural Societies22 Regional Notes Kentvil le, Nova Scotia

Montreal, QuebecToronto RegionNiagara Peninsula Region

24 Our History

New Members (lnside Back Cover)Cover Picture

, ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 12 Evergreen Azaleas in a Windsor GardenFront Cover R. poukhanense x F. kaempferi

Adyerlising Rates lor the Bulletin

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Advert isements should be submitted camera ready or can be set up foran addit ional fee. For furthur information contact Bul let in Editor. Sendall material for Bul let in to L. Hancock, 2'151 Camil la Rd. Mississauga,Ont.

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Page 4

AZALEAS AS BONSAI

Edith Kenzie Toronto, Ontario

This art ic le is based on a br ief talk given al the annual Fal l meet ing of theSociety held at the Royal Botanical Gardens on October 30, 1976.

The azalea has been a favorite bonsai subject with the Chinese and Japanese forhundreds of years, and continues to be much loved by bonsai enthusiasts todayin the many parts of the world where this delicate art is being practised. lt mustbe admitted, however, that the azalea is rather di f f icul t to train by bonsaimethods. The branches are very br i t t le, so that, even with the most carefulhandling when applying wire to the twigs, that dreaded "crack" is liable to beheard - and you have lost a branch. Also the roots, as you know, are verydense and do not seem to approve of being severely cut. The most satisfactoryway of reducing azalea roots to fit into the traditional Japanese pot, is by cuttingpie-shaped wedges with a sharp knife from the matted roots and fil l ing in thespaces with fresh soil. The roots can be removed by as much as one-third of thetotal mass at a time by this method. In a year or two or longer, similar chunkscan be removed from the old root areas.

As a bonsai is supposed to suggest an ancient tree, the trunk, branches, roots,leaves, flowers, fruits or seeds, should all be in proportion to the height in orderto present a natural appearance. With most flowering trees, the flowers are muchtoo large to carry this impression of perfect balance. A bonsai azalea not inbloom can suggest a true miniature of an old tree with heavy bole, strongradiating roots, etc., but the moment it breaks into bloom, the too-large flowersgive the game away - the illusion vanishes. However, the plant which now looksmore like a beautifully-shaped bush, is so lovely that it is forgiven, accepted,admired. The same tradit ional acceptance appl ies to apples, quince, evencamellias.

R. kiusianum is one of the most sui table for bonsai. l t is dense-growing,providing plenty of branches from which to choose the design. Leaves are small,as are the f lowers, and the bloom is prol i f ic. The fal l color ing is anotherattractive feature. lt is, of course, perfectly hardy, and should remain outside inall weathers.

There are other small varieties with Japanese names, although not necessarilynative to Japan, which I have not so far tried to identify botanically. One daintyone is Azalea serpyl l i fo l ium, cal led in Japan the Wild Thyme Azalea, and Ibelieve it grows wild in the mountains there. lt has minute leaves and flowers,about a quarter-inch in length or less, pink or white. This belongs to the "mame"

classification in bonsai, meaning bean-sized - a gentle joke, referring to theirsmall size. In April this plant is literally covered with delicate bloom - a lovelysight. They are quite hardy, but we give them cold-frame treatment for safety inthis climate, or keep them indoors in a cool situation.

Besides a few other smal l ones and a couple of Kiusianums in the gardenawaiting training, the only other bonsai azalea I have is the young one I broughtto the meeting. This is known as Satsuki in Japan, actually one of the indicumgroup, I believe. lam not even sure what Satsuki means, as it covers a widerange of characteristics - some with small leaves and flowers, some larger, and

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Page 6

HEATHS AND HEATHERS IN EASTERN GARDENS

K. Leishman Mississauga, Ontario

The association of rhododendrons and heather in the garden is a natural andmost satisfying one. Although heather is the name most people use to cover theplant group, there are botanically two Genera - Calluna (heather) and Erica(heath). The differences are easily observed in the leaf structure, as the callunaleaves are closely arranged around the stem, overlapping, somewhat scalelike inappearance. Erica, on the other hand, has needle-like leaves arranged moreloosely in whorls, giving it (from a strictly unbotanical viewpoint!) an appearancerather like miniature branches of Austrian pine. Thinking along these lines, Iguess the stems of calluna may be likened to those of the spruce, so densely arethe leaves packed around the stem.

As erica, calluna and rhododendrons are all part of the plant group Ericaceae,they logical ly appreciate many of the same condit ions, with one importantdifference; the heathers enjoy considerably more sun. lt is this difference whichm a k e s t h e m p a r t i c u l a r l y s u i t a b l e f o r a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h s m a l l l e a v e drhododendrons and the azaleas; both of which give their best display when theyrece ive a t leas t ha l f a day o f sun . P ic tu re i f you w i l l , a g roup ing o f therhododendron'P.J.M. 'with i ts r ich bronzy-brown winter fol iage set of f by afavish pfanting ol Erica carnea'Springwood White'. lt 's a contrast that will bedelightful from the time the snow melts until the first mauvey-lilac flowers openon the rhododendron, and the creamy-white buds of the erica (which have beenprominent since December, rather like those of a Pieris floribunda) expand toreveal the chocolate brown anthers. Or if you wish two seasons of bloom fromone pfanting, the rhodo 'Dora Amateis' could be combined with Erica vagans'Mrs. Maxwell'. This erica is not as winter hardy as Erica carnea, but its July-August blooms are a vibrant cerise - an absolutely beautiful plant that is wellworth a little trouble in the way of a winter mulch. Actually, the combinations areendlessly fascinating and rewarding. Rhododendron impeditum,'Ramapo' and'Cutie' would be enhanced by the fine texture of the heather foliage, and onecould indulge in creating a subtle display in gradations of pink and rose, and onto the cooler mauves and lilacs. And certainly the scale of such a planting wouldbe very much in keeping with the size of the smaller garden.

The twiggy, upright growth of the deciduous azaleas also combines well withheather, perhaps looking particularly well with Calluna vulgaris. The variety 'H.E.

Beale' (my favourite) is a tall (24") plant which is covered with spikes of doublepink flowers in August which are as marvellous as cut flowers as they are on thebushl Or one could plant'Ruth Sparkes', which has bright yellow foliage growingto 9" and white flowers, and 'Silver Queen' (18") with woolly silver-green foliage,both of which would offer lovely contrast with the br ight fal l fo l iage of theazaleas. The callunas seem able to put up with more trying conditions than theericas. They are ideal for the edges of drives or walks, and at my house havesurvived fairly regular assault from street hockey sticks, and the big feet of mydog.

As ericas and callunas have the same fine root system as rhododendrons, theyshould be planted in a similar light peaty soil. (Although one of my referencebooks notes thal Calluna'H.E. Beale' will do quite well on clay.) Rich soil andfert i l izers are to be avoided as they encourage tal l sappy growth, which

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uo,, sl tloql bulrvro.t6 ;o lenn olllcege lsotu ol.ll sculs 'sJor'^oll A el socnpold

2 e6e4

Page 8

The Erica darleyensis hybrid 'George Rendall ' has a more open habit and its newgrowth is t ipped yellow. lts pink flowers may show in early December, and it 'ssomewhat less hardy than Erica carnea.

Erica vagans'Mrs. Maxwell ' makes a marvellous drift of cerise in August, thoughit is also less hardy than the Erica carnea varieties.

The calluna varieties were mentioned above - 'H.E. Beale' is splendid. There isthe fucky whi te heather , Cal luna a lba at 18" , a l though i t doesn' t seem asf lor i forous. The same cr i t ic ism could inc lude 'Ruth Sparkes ' , though the fo l iageis such a bright yellow perhaps the white flowers are a bit of an anticlimax. Ofcourse there are many others, and it is worth the effort to search them out.Alpenglow Gardens, 13328 King George Hwy., North Surrey, B.C. is one nurserywhich has an extensive l ist and ships to Eastern Canada.

lf you are interested in reading further about heaths and heathers you wil l f indthe following books most informative: "The English Heather Garden" by D. FyfeMaxwell & P.S. Patrick; "Heaths and Heathers" by T. Underhil l; "The HeatherGarden" by Fred J. Chapple.

NEWS FROM H.R.|.O. (VTNELAND STATTON)

A.W. Smith Vineland, Ontar io

Three mi ldew res is tant Exbury azalea select ions were regis tered wi th TheCanadian Ornamental Plant Foundation in 1976. They have proven hardy wheresimi lar types are grown. The three in t roduct ions are select ions f rom seedobtained from Oregon.

Vlneland Glow Orange-red, 33A (R.H.S.) . B looms midseason and maturesinto a plant 1.6 metres in height, 1 metre in width.

Vlneland Flame Red, 44A-B (R.H.S.). Blooms midseason; plant 1.3 metres inheight , 1 .6 metres in width.

Vlneland Flare Yel low-orange, 15B (R.H.S.) . B looms midseason; p lant 2metres in height, 1.2 metres in width.

A Lepidote hybrid rhododendron cv. Vlnestar (R. keiskei x R. racemosum) wasalso registered in 1976. Color pale yellow 9-D (R.H.S.). Blooms mid May. Plant90 cm. high, 60 cm. wide. Should prove hardy to -25oC.

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looc B ul stqotl lapun Jo ulooJpeq pelPaqun

up ur peecgns 1q6;ur Ieql'os lo t{luouJ P ueql oJotlJ lol ttlool 6u1n11 pelesq

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lo sluel e sAelnle s! elaql'lo0/ ol dn o6 IBu.t tl [ep eqt 6u1lnp pue'1o09-0?

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'{1;en1cy

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se /qllenb ,{poorn llsql rlll/u\ pessaldull sertrr 1 6uluul6eq eqt u.to.t1 'o6e s:ee{Jnol lnoqs ,urnu!sslluel6elg, ;o ouo pus esuauolel'g ;o lueld e euJ ane6 aloalsugeldeg 'saUaS !luoppgf{ aql lo sJsquJor! aql ele slue;d oplsu! Jol sua6 leel eq1

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lo r{oul rolno aql slglocgtu I 'geed elnd u| auloc I;;ensn ,{sqt eculg 'uolldecxe

6u1mo11o; oql qll/( ^ olaq uo;1d;:csep eql se Aelv\ eues eql seolsze rvrolb ;

1,,:ernod-lervro ll,, tu.leleLll lo erBrrne ,fuen sauJo9oq euo puB e6e11o; eql eplq {11e1o1 stlloolq lauBos oozro^o ro/(oll 11n; u; i(1ceq paqcu;d l1sno16;;al st qytnol6 alau) 1ce;1e alll-uolLlsnce senl6 urJol lo sseultlOll pue llqsq qy*ol6 leluozpotl s1; e6e11o; llnl ul 'laol

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',,puoM or.ll lo suorpuapopoqH,, looq s,qcPalpl^eq pue olools 1c16 u;e1de3 lo ocl^pe eql ol onp s! peq a^,1 ssaccns luepue sree{ onll rol suoll!puoc osaql lepun sluBld eseql 6ulnno:6 ueeq I;uo eneq Ileql noI llal lsnur 1

'uo o6 | elolog 'Iey1-fuenlqol ruoJl 6ultuoo;q suoJpuapopot+lpue qcJpf!-requre^oN uJoJl sJoopul 6u1utoolq sealPze aAELI /r^ou I 6uluueld elpll Pqtr6 'lUsd rno{ le ssal6old Jlar.ll uo lceqc pue s6u!11nc eql lno ;1nd uec noA lnqpedteq {lugeyec seq dn-gas 6u11e6edo.rd r'rreu Iy1 'sttl6!l eqt lepun {;ano;s os r*o16Aeql pue uoos os Js^o lnq 6ug1sela1u1 s1 s6u;lpaes 6ullue1dsuell iseull {ueuos lsnf suorpuopopoqJ uo slooq ^ ol oql pue sullollng {u peel-el uec I pull Ipup sqluotu xls llnl e Jol uo seo6 e11ocg PAoN u! o.lot{ uosess 6u;uepleO-uou :ng

ellocs B^oN 'uollBluPl uloJlso JsllEM

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6 ebe4

page 10

The medium consists of the standard 1:1:1 of peat, perlite and sterilized acidloam. lf available I add coarse organic material such as bits of live sphagnum,leaf mould or bark as they seem to enjoy an open, airy medium. After screeningthe drainage hole, I add a generous layer of shredded styrofoam to guaranteesharp drainage and it seems to allow air to reach up under the roots. Althoughsharp drainage means more frequent water ing i t decreases the danger ofoverwatering.

I fertil ize with very, very dilute fish emulsion weekly, after new growth starts tobreak and on into the summer. By dilute I mean a drop of fertil izer to a gallon ofwater; I found it was all too easy to overfertil ize and get rank soft growth.

Propagation is extremely easy; wounded and treated with hormone, the cuttingsare wrapped in sphagnum and placed in a plastic bag under lights. They rooteven faster with bottom heat. Most of my plants come from Captain Steele.Some of you may be growing seed he sent to the exchange in 1974. I sowedsome that year and have two plants of R. supranubian in bud. Besides thosementioned I am also growing RR. johnstonianum, valentinianum, taggianum,crassum, maddenii, fletcherianum, leucaspis, and the hybrids 'Eldorado' and'Ethereal Equinox'.

This year my plants are in my new cool house but since its rapidly becomingovercrowded they will be going back to the living room. lf you have a bright,cool, somewhat humid space, it might be an interesting project. They certainlyliven up a dull February day.

AZALEAS AND RHODODENDRONS IN SOUTHERNMOST CANADA

Robert Erdelan Windsor. Ontario

My fascination for azaleas and rhododendrons began early in my life. On myway to elementary school, I was drawn to the florist's window to drink in theethereal clouds of forced azaleas. Some years later, in my youth, I spent myshow money to buy my first azalea plant, a 21h" pol of Coral Bells, offered by alocal dimestore for the Easter trade. I planted it with a great deal of expectation,and little know-how; within a few years, it declined. My initial failure, however,only chal lenged me further. Through tr ial and error, extensive reading andresearch, I now have a collection of azaleas and rhododendrons, and a nurseryspecializing in them.

ln the years following my initial failure, I read all the literature regarding theproper culture of azaleas and rhododendrons obtainable. Pictures provided somemotivation, but a trip to northern Florida one winter made me more determinedthan ever to succeed. I realized that Southern lndian Hybrid azaleas could not be

lueseald auo urorl e[e eq1 6ulpBsl pte,{ s1q lnoqbno.rql sealeze ueei6lens lo spagIguletr ssq lo pno.rd {;.re;nclued urB lleulolsnc euO'suepleO uolpuepopoq.tpug palezs lo slepoul lceyed ete sOuggueld lleql aouls'uaql ol sJatuolsnggec;1da>1s rrnau Au.r Jolej uallo I pue 'stsplsnqlue pnold ^ ou eJB sc;1dels

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lnoqe slqnop erenes qg;r'a 'sc;1da1s Alu;eur ele slstlolsnc /y\oN 'luauyedep s>1ledJospulM eql ol paleuop I sluBld Ogt lo peq eql rvres Aaql rc prcA s,esle auoauosu1 s1ue1d eql /v\Bs .raq1;e r(aq1 ulBlc slauolsnc /u\au {u ;o lsotu acu;s 'oulslpanpe

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1o 6u11ue1d eql u! palserelu! orotu su.looeq seq,(;;eco1 c;1qnd aq1 ',{11enpet9

'Io lnc aJa^ secJnos ue;61e9-qc1nq q6noql uena'elaql

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lng 'llelsr pue alPsslotl/r^ 'JaIo ol suojpuapopot{J ooo'z pue sPelBzp ueel6lena

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'uorledncco ̂u.r ueql eJour l! Iofue plnorvr ltt]6noqt I 'eceld

Inlllnseq alou.lP puo/r^ aql lo JguJo9 slrll olst! o1 eldoad Jol ecJnos e se /fuesinu ,ttu peuotstn

I o.roru aql 'lr lnoqp tq6noqt I o.totu eql '1106 ,,'fuaslnu e uado sl op ol peeu

nol 1eqp1,, 'sern dgnb uouuloc V 'tuaql Inq o1 'lseal lP

'.to slue;d eulos e^lacolroqlle ol snorxue sJeA otl^ slnoqqO;eu pue socuelutenbce ol lueiedde uaneerervr suled 6urnror6 aseqf 'lno lo eplsu! laqlle suollcalloc Jol lrrooj eloul ou pPq

I letll lua.redde eweceq l! 's:eaA ̂ el e ul 'lltdv pue LlcJBf{ u; :ee{ qcBe qclod

uns pesolcue e6le; Jno uo uolluaue lo lesp lee:6 e palseJlle osot{I 'ssnol lslllA.u 'see;eze pUqAH uplpul ue;6149 lo uollcalloc e 6u11eu ueeq psq | 'allq/{ueel

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'e6:e; oqI'eu ol uollelldsul ue ole/{\ uesnSp_ue 'uJntulxPf{ 'lsled anlS sP suolpuepopoLlJ lo sellaue^ qcns qll/t^ ssogcns slH

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'spunoq ou /reul uaql Jol tusstsnqlua ^y{ 'potlspno[.

[luo lou spol?ze ueatOlene aql lng 'pelp Illeult puB Ilpeq

suorpuopopotlj IJB^ p otll 'puoujBlo anl8 puB llL onlg '

'aJnlgal filenou e se spolpze ueelOlene ,,Ip.req,, eulos palello alluog q"g-pleo

lecol e 'A;egeunyo3 'sad& :e!p.rBq rol punore lnocs ol ue6eq ; pu? 'slg;u/v\ol6

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Page 12

The charm of evergreen azaleas: the rich blend of colours and the profusion of flowers inMay. Photo: R. Erdelan.

view to another. He has wisely planted Scotch Pine as background. Anothercustomer uses evergreen azaleas in her Japanese garden where their roundedforms resemble hillocks, and their colours echo the white "shoji" style fence andthe scarlet wood bridges. Still another good example is a gardener who hasplanted a grove of rhododendrons among large Scotch pines.

Unfortunately, I now regret having donated the plants to the Windsor ParksDepartment, as they are sadly neglected. That they perform as well as they do isto their credit; their ability to persist in spite of neglect.

The greatest motivation, I believe, to plant azaleas and rhododendfons is to givemy customers printed directions on how to grow them. This inspires confidence.I warn them, however, to follow each point to the letter, since each is equallyimportant. My repeat customers and enthusiasts are the ones who have donejust that. Very few have returned to tell me they failed; those that have failedadmitted, sooner or later, they ignored my directions.

Without going into step-by-step details, I believe soil can be amended, lack ofmoisture or lack of good drainage can be corrected, just about everything canbe changed except the cl imate. I have never misled a customer into thinkingthey can grow plants just l ike they saw in England, or B.C. Ours is far f rom

Page 12

The charm of evergreen azaleas: the rich blenrl of colours and the profusion of flowers inMay. Photo: R. Erdetan.

view to another. He has wisely planted scotch Pine as background. Anothercustomer uses evergreen azaleas in her Japanese garden where their roundedforms resemble hillocks, and their colours echo the white "shoji" style fence andthe scarlet wood bridges. stil l another good example is a gardener who hasplanted a grove of rhododendrons among large Scotch pines.

Unfortunately, I now regret having donated the plants to the windsor parksDepartment, as they are sadly neglected. That they perform as well as they do isto their credit; their ability to persist in spite of neglect.

The greatest motivation, I believe, to plant azaleas and rhododendlons is to givemy customers printed directions on how to grow them. This inspires confidence.I warn them, however, to follow each point to the letter, since each is equallyimportant. My repeat customers and enthusiasts are the ones who have donejust that. Very few have returned to tell me they failed; those that have failedadmitted, sooner or later, they ignored my directions.

without going into step-by-step details, I believe soil can be amended, lack ofmoisture or lack of good drainage can be corrected, just about everything canbe changed except the climate. I have never misled a customer into thinkingthey can grow plants just l ike they saw in England, or B.C. Ours is far f rom

'€suapeuec pue wnJo\tpnu 'l(esen '1q cequeddlttlcs 'AA salcads se lla/{\ se'sp;rqIg lpg deuy 'slllof! 'tunqx3 :lnlssaccns uoeq llB e^sLl sealezP snonplcag

'suollPsOl

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er e6e..r

Page 14

BETTER PLANTS FOR BETTER RESULTS

Fred Gallop Mississauga, Ontario

So you have decided to plant some rhododendrons. You have selected the site,you have analysed the soil and have studied the planting suggestions. You knowthe "Hardiness Zone" of your locality and you have made a list of the varietiesyou want to buy.

The next step is a visit to your nursery or garden centre from which you hope totake home some good, well-bred plants that will give you years of satisfaction.But how can you be sure the plants you buy are good plants? That they will betrue to the colour, form and hardiness you expect? lf you can patronize a wellestabl ished nursery with a reputat ion for supplying good mater ial , you arefortunate. But if your supplier doesn't specialize in rhodos, and his experience islimited, you may have a problem.

There are some steps you can take, some questions you can ask, to reduce yourrisk. Are the plants identified as to variety by attached labels? ls the hardinessrange clearly shown? ls the grower identified? Were the plants raised from seed,or from cutt ings or grafts? Were the young plants propagated in a cl imat icregion similar to yours? What is the condition of the rootball? ls it rock hard, orsoft enough to permit loosening up the roots when planting?

l f the answers to your quer ies do no t sa t is fy you, p roceed w i th caut ion .Remember, you are making an investment in money, garden space and your ownprec ious t ime. Care spent in se lec t ing your new p lan ts w i l l be repa id ahundredfold in the years to come.

SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING AND FLOWER SHOW 1977

The 6th Annual Meeting and Flower Show of our Society is being hosted thisyear by the Toronto Region and wi l l be held at the Civic Garden Centre,Edwards Gardens. Don Mills on June 4-5th.

The addit ion to the Centre which was off ic ial ly opened in early Decemberprov ides exce l len t fac i l i t i es fo r our show, the new f lo ra l ha l l hav ing bo thi l luminat ion and sky l igh ts , and a i r -cond i t ion ing as we l l , a l l fea tures wh ichcontribute immeasurably to a successful exhibit.

The show will be open to the public on the Saturday and Sunday afternoonsfrom 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. Thousands of v is i tors come to Edwards Gardens onweekends and this will be a marvellous opportunity to show that rhodos andazaleas are not only desirable but that many varieties can be successfully grown,once their needs are understood and met.

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BOOK LIST

Dorothea Lovat Dickson Toronto, Ontario

The following books are highly recommended to all rhododendron lovers - theymay be purchased th rough any books tore , o r th rough our Soc ie ty a t asubstantial discount if we order a minimum of 5 copies per title. Please write tome if you wish to put your name on a list, and I will order it as soon as we havereached the magic number of 5 copies.

These books may also be borrowed through any public library. Your library canorder them in for you if it doesn't have them on its shelves. In the Toronto areathe Library of the Civic Garden Centre has them; members of the Centre mayborrow them and non-members may view them at the Civic Garden Centre,777Lawrence Avenue East. Don Mills.

Rhododendrons and Azaleas by Judith M. Berr isford, 2nd edit ion 1966,illustrated, Faber and Faber, London $15.95 (retail l ist)This is a marvellous book for the specialist, as well as the keen amateur, and forthe beginner. Besides instructions on planting and maintenance, it has chapterson plant associations, rhododendrons and azaleas in the rock and peat garden,and rhododendrons for the smaller garden, the woodland and larger garden. ltalso has a chapter on rhododendron species. The descriptions of hybrids aregrouped according to their normal time of flowering which is most helpful.

Rhododendrons and Azaleas: thelr orlglns, cultlvatlon and development byClement Gray Bowers, 2nd revised edition 1968, The Macmillan Company, NewYork $19.95 (retail l ist)(This book is almost out of print and will not be reprinted. We have 5 copies onorder, so if you want one, please write to me at once.)A horticultural classic, invaluable both as a reference work and a guide. Thework is divided into three parts - the living plant, the descriptive material andcompiled data. Written with great clarity, this is a standard source of informationfor the amateur gardener as well as the professional horticulturist and landscapearchitect.

The Peat Garden and lts plants by Alfred Evans, 1970, il lustrated, J.M. Dentand Son, London $21.95This is really a book about gardening in solid peat blocks, but nevertheless isfullof information on all peat loving plants, with many beautiful full colour and blackand white photographs. lt is an absolute must for anyone who wants to learnmore about rhododendrons and their companion plants.

Rhododendrons by Gerd Krussman, 1970, il lustrated, Ward Lock, London(This publisher has no agent in Canada so the book has to be ordered fromBri tain. Previously reviewed in the Bul let in, Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 11.1972l ist pr ice$9.25; current price not established.)A superb and comprehensive work; a standard reference book for the amateur aswel l as the professional - Winner of the Royal Hort icul tural Society VeitchMemorial Gold Medal, February 1970.

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PROPAGATION OF KNAP HILL HYBRID AZALEAS FROM STOCKPLANTS FORCED IN A GREENHOUSE

D.L. Craig and A.C. Brydon Kentvil le, Nova Scotia

The method of propagating Knap Hill hybrid azaleas during their natural outdoorgrowth per iod is we l l known and documented. (1 ,2 ) . Us ing th is p rocedure ,softwood cuttings can be taken shortly after the bloom period and continue tobe taken for as long as the cuttings are green, semi-soft and free of apical buds.The cuttings are normally rooted under mist and are not ready for transplantingunt i l late summer or ear ly fal l . The handl ing of the rooted cutt ings from thispoint on can be a problem. Serious losses can occur from the time of rooting toplant ing in outdoor beds in the spr ing.

The usual way of handling fall rooted azalea cuttings, is to transplant them intosoil fi l led benches, trays or pots which are housed in a 50F (10C) greenhouseduring the winter months and then bedded out in the spring. lf you are fortunateenough, to have a plant storage room, they can also be overwintered there at atemperature of about 35F (1.7C). The fact that cuttings cannot be successfullyp lan ted ou tdoors a f te r roo t ing dur ing la te summer or ear ly fa l l led us toinvestigate the possibility of forcing stock plants in a greenhouse in mid-winterin order to produce cuttings that would root early in the spring and thus be largeenough for early fall planting outdoors. Our principal objective was to avoid thestep which involves nursing the newly rooted plants through a winter in a coolgreenhouse. As previously mentioned, losses can be heavy during this periodand using greenhouse space for storing plants is expensive.

Malerlals and Melhods

Six well budded plants of each of the cultivars Gibraltar, Gold Flake, GalliopoliRed, Old Gold and Scarlet Pimpernel which were approximately 20 inches (50cm) high were dug from the nursery in September and placed in 12 inch square(30.5 cm'�) soil fi l led wooden boxes. All boxed plants were hardened off outdoorsbefore being placed in a 35F (1.7C) plant storage room. No artificial light wasused during storage. The soil in the box was watered as required. On Dec. 30,Jan. 15 and Jan. 30, two plants of each cultivar were taken from the storage andpfaced in a glasshouse in a 7OF (21C1 day and 60F (15.6C) night temperatureplus low intensity incandescent lamps for photoperiod extension to 16 hours perday.

Softwood cuttings were taken at intervals from March 19 to May 9, 1975, rootedunder mist and potted up. Four typical plants from each cultivar and from eachdate on which cuttings were stuck were planted in a fully exposed field nurseryon Sept. 20, 1975. The number of plants that survived the winter, commencedgrowth in the spring and their quality as of Oct. 1976 were recorded (Table 1).

Results Number of cuttings and percent rooting

The total number of cuttings taken from all cultivars and the percent that rootedwere as follows:

No. cutt ings

1. Stock plants removed from storage Dec 302. Removed from storage Jan 153. Removed from storage Jan 30

785663

% rooted

749281

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forced cutting and/or a lack of light quality and intensity for normal growth.There is little doubt that winter survival would have been better if they had beengrown where they would have received protection from a structure such as acold frame or a lath house, however our objective was to evaluate the youngplants response to ful l f ie ld exposure. The al ternat ives to this method ofpropagat ion appear to be the convent iona l techn iques as ou i l ined a t thebeginning of this report or the greenhouse propagation technique described bycraig and Brydon (3) involving summer cuttings from plants growing outdoors.REFERENCES

1. Rhododendron information. 1967. Published by the American Rhododendron Society,Sherwood, Oregon 97140.

2' L. Carvi l le. 1967. Propagation of Knap Hil l azaleas from softwoods. Comb. Proc. Int.Plant Prop. Soc. 17:2S5-2S8.

3 ' D .L . . c ra ig and A.c . Brydon. 197s . Greenhouse propagat ion o f Knap H i l l aza leacult ivars. Rhododendron Society of Canada 4: no. 1. pp 4-7.

-

Asrlstant Edltor's Note This experiment suggests that simulating a winter growth periodwith con-sequent high heating and lighting coit!, in order to save tlhe relatively lowei costsof frost free overwintering of the young iooted cuttings is self-defeating. lt has been thiswriter's experience that, though it is otten necessary for successful piant production toadvance or retard seasonal reactions, i t is best i i the long run to conform as far aspracticable to the rhythm of nature.

EVERYONE NEEDS AN INDEX

Fred Gallop Mississauga, Ontario

Within the next few months an index will be issued for the first'12 issues of theBulletin, covering the first five years of our Society's history.

The preparation of this index was undertaken with some reservations, believingthat it might be beyond the ability of one whose knowledge of rhododendronsand azaleas was so limited. But as the task progressed it became evident thatthese twelve issues contain so much information that they are, in fact, a fairlycomprehensive course on the subject.

It was of course, necessary to read every word of every issue, something notpreviously attempted. In these pages you will meet, and learn from, experts onthe propagat ion and cult ivat ion of the Genus Rhododendron. you wi l l f indreferences to more than 475 species and varieties. By checking all the referencest o c e r t a i n v a r i e t i e s o n e c a n l e a r n a b o u t t h e i r o r i g i n s , h a b i t s , c u l t u r a lrequirements, resistance to disease, hardiness and popularity. In short, muchone needs to know and would not find easily from any other source.

It is hoped that the use of the index will assist members and will encouragecollection of all twelve issues for reference. Back issues are fast becomingscarce but enquiries are welcome.

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REGIONAL NOTES

Kentvllle, Nova Scotla A CORRECTIONDr. Don craig of the Kentvi l le Research stat ion reports that, on updat ingplanting plans and breeding records he has found an error in the identificationof the hybrid which won the E. Frank palmer Award for the Best canadianhybrid at the 5th Annual show in Montreal last spring (see Volume 5, No. 2,pages 8 and 10).

The beautiful truss which was the winner of class 3E and the covetted awardw a s t h e K e n t v i l l e H y b r i d N o . 7 0 2 0 ( R . c a t a w b i e n s e a l b u m G l a s s x F .degronianum) x R. yakusimanum. This seedling selection is the only one of thecross with a real tan indumentum. Six cuttings taken this past October have allrooted and formed new growth, proving it to be an easy propagator. Hopefullywe will see more of this lovely flower.

Dr. Craig has recently been appointed Assistant Director of the Research Stationand RSC extends sincere congratulations and good wishes for success in hisnew position. A fine new building for the station is also under way. we hopethat, in spite of added responsibilities we can logk fqrward to a continuation ofthe fine breeding work Don has been doing in the past and more canadianrhodos being released to appreciative rhodo growers.

Montreal, Quebec J. Ronsley

Members of the Rhododendron Society in the Montreal area will attend theirannual meeting this year on June 11th. The meeting wi l l take place in room #135of the Admin is t ra t ion Bu i ld ing o f the ,Mont rea l Botan ica l Garden, w i th thefollowing programme:

10:00 a.m. Gathering of members; coffee will be served.10:30 a.m. l l lustrated lecture on rhododendron and azalea select ion andcultivation, by Leslie Hancock.11:00 a.m. showing of s l ides of gardens in Japan, England, and lreland, byJoseph Ronsley.1'1 :30 a.m. Visit to the rhododendron section of the arboretum.

From this time members will make their own schedules, to visit other parts of theBotanical Garden, have lunch, and visit the gardens of Dr. Louis schwartz insenneville and Joseph Ronsley in westmount where members will be welcomethroughout the afternoon.

our host at the Botanical Garden wi l l be Head Gardener Jack VanGemeren.Members should be interested in inspecting the condition of the rhododenronsection after one full round of seasons since its creation. By the end of lastsummer there was an enormous set of flower buds, but the effect of the winterhas yet to be seen. Generally, the gardens in the area are in better conditionthan they were last year. we certainly did not have the warm November that wedid in 1975, and while December of 1976 was cold, it was not as cold as that of

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Page 24

Van Veen order. This meeting is a must for al l members and fr iends of theSociety.

Annual Meeting, Flower Show and Tour of Vineland Station, May 28, 1977 at12:30 p.m., H.R.l .O. Show wi l l be set up from 12:30 to 1:30. Judges wi l l be Mr. R.Behring and Mr. L. Fretz. Later, Rudy Behring wi l l g ive an i l lustrated talk on"Where to see Rhodos in North America". Balance of Van Veen order will bedistributed. An informal optional dinner at Prudhommes' is planned to discussthe day's events at 6:00 p.m.

On the subject of membership fees, I should like to point out my policies astreasurer of this Region. During our f i rst year of operat ion I have kept al linterested people on our mailing list in order to help get this Region started.Many members were and are notoriously delinquent in paying their dues. In thefuture, the high cost of mailing forces me to drop unpaid members by the timethe spr ing newsletter is to be mai led in March of each year. The Regionaldirectors have agree with this.

The record breaking snowfalls in the region this winter seemed to have beendetri mental to younger plantings. Mice, and to some extent rabbits, are fastdeveloping a taste for rhodos up here on Haist Mountain in Fonthill. We lostabout thirty 3 and 4 year old seedlings, with R. racemosum being the favorite" s a l a d " . O f a b o u t f i f t y R . c a r o l i n i a n u m a n d t h e s a m e n u m b e r o f R .schlippenbachi, none were touched by the critters. Art Oslach recommendssetting up weather-proof bait stations in the Fall before severe weather sets in."Wafarin" seems to be good bait if special care is taken that no small children,pets or beneficial animals can get at it.

During the height of the "Bl izzard of the Century" a Wel land radio stat ionrepor ted a w indch i l l fac to r o f -63oF. Windburn damage is ex tens ive oncompanion plants like Buxus sempervirens and //ex crenata convexa but verylittle on the rhodos. A 'P.J.M.' planted on the southwest side of the house in fullsun, exposed to the high winds coming off Lake Erie, without any snow or othermulch to protect it, came through without any damage whatsoever to foliage orbuds. This confirms again the extreme hardiness and adaptability of this lepidotehybrid. Coupled with its ease of propagation and cultivation it will definitelyprove useful in future breeding programmes.

OUR HISTORY

Ross Dean, our newly appointed Historian, reports he is slowly making progressin preparing a history of the Rhododendron Society of Canada. The archives,located at the Royal Botanical Garden in Burlington have been sourced andcontain much valuable information. A short list of those people involved in theformation of the Society as well as the National and Regional Presidents will becontacted by mail, asked to screen some preliminary material, and add theirvalued perception before a draft is prepared for their further reaction.

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Connoisseurs

CanadianGrownRhododendrons

We offer for sale the largest var iety ofhardy rhododendrons and aza leasproduced in Eastern Canada.

Our research work goes back thir ty-f iveyears. Some of our f i rst plant ings arenow a healthy seven feet in height andspreao.

Our annua l p roduc t ion o f young p lan tsis f rom cu t t ings taken f rom p lan ts tha thave a l ready proven the i r wor th in ourWood land Tr ia l Grounds.

New and ra re var ie t ies a re d i f f i cu l t toobta in . Wr i te to us about them. We maybe ab le to secure them fo r you .

In add i t ion we produce a w ideassortment of t rees, shrubs, evergreensand herbaceous p lan ts .

W R I T E F O R C A T A L O G U E

WOODLAND NURSERIES2151 Camilla RoadM ississauga, Ontario, Canada