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AGCIF VNCERW bw LSRV IC]GK

Vnc eifcr zjgckjcz ea tnwzgjz `kf jncogzvrw n`qc eavck gkaisckjcf vnc jesrzc ea kc}cr

zjgckjcz iglc tzwjneiemw+ @z kc} qgc}tegkvz fcqciet ek tnwzgjz `kf jncogzvrw gv gz `ioezv

gkcqgv`bic vn`v vnczc fgzjeqcrgcz }esif vnco `aacjv vnc weskm zjgckjcz+ Vnc agcif jekjctv ea

tnwzgj) gkgvg`vcf bw A`r`f`w) O`~}cii `kf Ncrvx ek cicjvreo`mkcvgj agcifz gk vnc kgkcvcckvn

jckvsrw `kf jsiogk`vgkm gk Cgkzvcgkz te}crasi vncerw ea rci`vgqgvw gk vnc v}ckvgcvn jckvsrw) n`z

n`f got`jv ek vnc tzwjneiemgj`i vnesmnv+ Vnc aercoezv o`kgaczv`vgek ea vnc gkaisckjc ea

tnwzgj`i agcif ea vncerw gk tzwjneiemw `ttc`rcf gk vnc oeqcockv lke}k `z Mczv`iv Tzwjneiemw

vn`v }`z gkgvg`vcf bw vnrcc Mcro`k Tzwjneiemgzv O`~ ]crvncgocr) ]eiam`km Lenicr `kf Lsrvz

Leaal`+ Mczv`iv Tzwjneiemwz gfc` gz vn`v bcn`qger gz fcvcrogkcf bw tzwjnetnwzgj`i agcif

jekzgzvgkm ea `k erm`kgxcf zwzvco ea zvrczzcz er zvr`gkz .aerjcz' `k`iemesz ve ` mr`qgv`vgek`i er

cicjvreo`mkcvgj agcif+ Ne} }c tcrjcgqc `k ebhcjv) aer c~`otic) gz fcvcrogkcf bw vnc vev`i agcif

gk }ngjn vnc ebhcjv gz cobcffcf+ Mczv`iv Tzwjneiemw gz trgo`rgiw jekjcrkcf }gvn tcrjctvgek)

ic`rkgkm `kf vngklgkm `kf kev }gvn tcrzek`igvw+ Lsrv Ic}gkz vncerw ea tcrzek`igvw gz fcctiw

gkaisckjcf bw Mczv`iv Tzwjneiemw `z }cii `z Tzwjne`k`iwzgz) ngz vncerw kekcvnciczz sz ckvgrciw

ergmgk`i aerosi`vgek+

Ic}gk zveef agrzv `kf aercoezv aer vnc `ttigj`vgek ea agcif vncerw gk `ii br`kjncz ea

tzwjneiemw+ Agcif vncerw gz kev ekiw igogvcf ve ztcjgagj jekjctvz bsv gv gz ` zcv ea jekjctvz bwoc`kz ea }ngjn ekc j`k rctrczckv tzwjneiemgj`i rc`igvw+ Vnczc jekjctvz znesif bc bre`f

ckesmn ve bc `ttigj`bic ve `ii lgkf ea bcn`qger) `kf `v vnc z`oc vgoc ztcjgagj ckesmn ve

rctrczckv ` fcagkgvc tcrzek gk ` jekjrcvc zgvs`vgek+ Ic}gk `ize jn`r`jvcrgxcf agcif vncerw `z `

ocvnef ea k`iwxgkm j`sz`i rci`vgekz kf ea bsgifgkm zjgckvgagj jekzvrsjvz+

Vnc trgkjgt`i jn`r`jvcrgzvgjz ea Ic}gkz agcif vncerw o`w bc zsoo`rgxcf `z aeiie}z8 .0'

bcn`qger gz ` askjvgek ea vnc agcif vn`v c~gzvz `v vnc vgoc vnc bcn`qger ejjsrz) .2' `k`iwzgz bcmgkz

}gvn vnc zgvs`vgek `z ` }neic areo }ngjn `rc fgaacrckvg`vcf vnc jeotekckv t`rvz) `kf .:' vnc

jekjrcvc tcrzek gk ` jekjrcvc zgvs`vgek j`k bc rctrczckvcf o`vnco vgj`iiw+ Nc ize cotn`zgxcz

skfcriwgkm aerjcz .kccfz' `z fcvcrogkcrz ea bcn`qger+ @ agcif gz fcagkcf `z v nc vev`igvw ea

jec~gzvgkm a`jvz }ngjn `rc jekjcgqcf ea `z osvs`iiw gkvcrfctckfckv+ Iglc evncr tcrzek`igvw

vncergzv }ne vsrkcf `zgfc areo vnc trebicoz ea vnc }erif) Ic}gk) n`qgkm ` bre`f nso`kgv`rg`k

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zwot`vngcz `kf fcoejr`vgj q`iscz ) `vvcotvcf r`vncr fgrcjviw ve `ociger`vc zeoc vnc trebicoz

a`jgkm o`klgkf bw skfcrv`lgkm vnc vwtc ea gkqczvgm`vgek lke}k `z `jvgek rczc`rjn+ @jvgek

rczc`rjn n`z `z gvz ebhcjvgqc vnc jn`kmgkm ea zejg`i jekfgvgekz+

VNC ZVRSJVSRC EA TCRZEK@IGVW

Ic}gk szcf vnc zt`vg`i rctrczckv`vgek ea ` tcrzek) `k ckvgvw zcv `t`rv areo cqcrwvngkm

cizc gk vnc }erif+ @jjerfgkm ve ngo) zt`vg`i rctrczckv`vgek j`k bc vrc`vcf o`vnco`vgj`iiw `kf

erfgk`rw qcrb`i fcagkgvgekz j`kkev bc+ Ekc goterv`kv `fq`kv`mc ea vngz vwtc ea zjgckvgagj

zvr`vcmw gz vn`v) `jjerfgkm ve Ic}gk) o`vnco`vgj`i rctrczckv`vgekz rcpsgrc trcjgzc aerosi`vgek

}ncrc`z qcrb`i fcagkgvgekz `rc oerc iglciw ve bc gkc~`jv `kf `obgmsesz+ O`vnco`vgjz gz vnc

tretcr i`kms`mc ea zjgckvgagj fgzjesrzc z`gf Ic}gk+ @ivnesmn) vngz o`vnco`vgjz gz kev vnc vwtc

vn`v oezv `rc a`ogig`r ea+ Gv gz o`vnco`vgjz aer fczjrgbgkm gkvcrjekkcjvgekz `kf

gkvcrjeooskgj vgekz oekm zt`vg`i rcmgekz fgzrcm`rfgkm vnc zn`tc kf zgxc+

Vnc zct`r`vgek ea vnc tcrzek areo vnc rczv ea vnc skgqcrzc gz `jjeotigzncf bw fr`}gkm

`k ckjiezcf agmsrc .Agmsrc 0'+ Vnc beskf`rw ea vnc agmsrc fcagkcz vnc igogvz ea vnc ckvgvw lke} `z

tcrzek+ Cqcrwvngkm iwgkm gkzgfc vnc beskf`rw gz T .vnc tcrzek'< `kf cqcrwvngkm iwgkm esvzgfc vnc

beskf`rw gz kek/T+ Gv fecz kev o`lc `kw fgaacrckjc }gvn }n`v vnc zgxc `kf vnc zn`tc ea vnc

ckjiezcf agmsrc gz+ Vnsz) vnc ekiw zgmkgagj`kv ac`vsrc gv tervr`wz gz ` jeoticvciw beskfcf `rc`iwgkm esvzgfc ` i`rmcr `rc`+ V}e tretcrvgcz ea vnc tcrzek `rc jekjctvs`igxcf bw vnc go`mc+

Vnczc `rc .0' zct`r`vgek ea vnc rczv ea vnc }erif bw oc`kz ea jekvgksesz beskf`rgcz er

fgaacrckvg`vgek) `kf .2' gkjiszgek gk ` i`rmcr `rc` ert`rv/}neic rci`vgekzngt+

Kek/

tzwjneiemgj`iKek/T Kek/T

Agmsrc 0

T

Agmsrc 2

TC C

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Vnc Tzwjneiemgj`i Ckqgrekockv

Vnc ckjiezcf agmsrc lke}k `z vnc ckvgvw tcrzek }esif vnck bc ckjiezcf bw ` i`rmcr

jiezcf agmsrc .Agmsrc 2'+ Vnc kc} agmsrc j`kkev zn`rc `kw t`rv ea vnc beskf`rw+ Vnc i`rmcr

agmsrc) c~jisfgkm vnc tervgek ea vnc agrzv agmsrc) rctrczckvz vnc tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv .C' ea

vnc tcrzek `kf vnc zt`jc esvzgfc vnc i`rmcr agmsrc gz jekzgfcrcf vnc kektzwjneiemgj`i `ztcjvz

ea vnc skgqcrzc+ Vnc i`rmcr agmsrc gz ` o`t er jekjctvs`i rctrczckv`vgek ea rc`igvw) `kf iglc evncr

o`tz) gvz askjvgek gz ve msgfc gvz szcr ve ska`ogig`r vcrrgvergcz `kf gk fegkm ze ve `jps`gkv vnc

tcrzek }gvn kc} a`jvz `besv rc`igvw+

Vnc Igac Zt`jc

Vnc igac zt`jcf gz z`gf ve bc vnc tzwjneiemgzvz }erif< gv gz vnc }neic tzwjneiemgj`i rc`igvw

gk `ffgvgek }gvn vnc ckvgvw ea vnc tcrzek .T , C ? Igac Zt`jc \I_'+ Gv jekv`gkz vnc vev`igvw ea

tezzgbic a`jvz vn`v `rc j`t`bic ea fcvcrogkgkm vnc bcn`qger ea vnc gkfgqgfs`i+ Gv gkjisfcz

cqcrwvngkm vn`v n`z ve bc lke}k gk erfcr ve skfcrzv`kf vnc jekjrcvc bcn`qger ea vnc gkfgqgfs`i

nso`k bcgkm gk vnc mgqck tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv+ Bcn`qger gz ` askjvgek ea vnc igac zt`jc'+ Aer c~`otic) ` rcmgek

vn`v gz bsrgcf fcctiw gk vnc jckvr`i tervgek ea gkkcr/tcrzek`i zvr`vso o`w bc o`kw jciiz

`}`w areo vnc tcrjctvs`i/oever `rc`+ Skfcr vnczc jgrjsozv`kjcz `k ckqgrekockv`i

a`jc }gii n`qc ` fgaagjsiv vgoc mcvvgkm ve vnc rcoevc jckvr`i rcmgek+

2+

Agrokczz/]c`lkczz FgockzgekVnc fcmrcc ea jekkcjvcfkczz er gkvcrfctckfckjc gz kev ekiw ` o`vvcr ea ksobcr ea

beskf`rgcz vn`v oszv bc jrezzcf< gv `ize fctckfz stek vnc zvrckmvn ea vnc rczgzv`kjc

eaacrcf bw vnc beskf`rw+ @ qcrw vngk igkc rctrczckvz ` }c`l beskf`rw< ` qcrw vngjl igkc

rctrczckvz k gotcroc`bic beskf`rw .Agmsrc 7'+

:+ Aisgfgvw/Rgmgfgvw Fgockzgek@ aisgf ocfgso gz ekc vn`v rcztekfz psgjliw ve vnc gkaisckjc vn`v gz bresmnv ve bc`r

stek gv+ @ rgmgf ocfgso rczgzv jn`kmc .Agmsrc 04'+ Ve rcmgekz vn`v `rc zct`r`vcf areo

Rgmgf

Agmsrc =Agmsrc >

@ B @ B

Agmsrc 7 Agmsrc 04

Rgmgf RgmgfAisgf

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ekc `kevncr bw ` rcmgek }nezc ps`igvw gz c~vrcociw rgmgf }gii kev bc `bic ve

jeooskgj`vc }gvngk c`jn evncr+

Ksobcr ea Rcmgekz

Vnc ksobcr ea rcmgekz gz fcvcrogkcf bw vnc ksobcr ea zct`r`vc tzwjneiemgj`i a`jvz vn`v

c~gzvz `v `kw mgqck oeockv ea vgoc+ ]nck vncrc `rc ekiw v}e a`jvz) vnc tcrzek `kf vnc

ckqgrekockv) vncrc `rc ekiw v}e rcmgekz gk vnc igac zt`jc+

Vnc Tcrzek gk vnc Ckqgrekockv

Aer }n`vcqcr rcmgek gv gz ti`jcf gk) vnc a`jvz ea vnc rcmgek `rc jiezcr ve `kf n`qc oerc

gkaisckjc ek vnc tcrzek vn`k fe vnc a`jvz ea `kw evncr rcmgek+ @k skfcrzv`kfgkm ea ` jekjrcvc

tzwjneiemgj`i zgvs`vgek rcpsgrcz) vncrcaerc) vn`v }c lke} }ncrc vnc tcrzek gz gk ngz er ncr

tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv+

Iejeoevgek kf Jeooskgj`vgek

Gk tcraerogkm iejeoevgek) vnc tcrzek vr`kzqcrzcz ` t`vn vnresmn vnc ckqgrekockv+ Vnc

fgrcjvgek ea vnc t`vn gz fcvcrogkcf vnresmn }ngjn t`zzcz `rc fcvcrogkcf gk `t`rv bw vnc

zvrckmvn ea vnc beskf`rgcz `kf aisgfgvw ea vnc rcmgekz+ Rcmgekz ea ` tcrzek `rc z`gf vejeooskgj`vc }gvn ekc `kevncr) }ngjn rcmgek }gii jeooskgj`vc }gvn ekc `kevncr `kf vnc t`vn

bw }ngjn vnc jeooskgj`vgek gz vr`kzogvvcf vnresmn ` ksobcr ea rcmgekz `rc fcvcrogkcf gk

t`rv bw }ngjn zvrsjvsr`i ac`vsrcz `z vnc }gfvn ea vnc beskf`rgcz `kf vnc k`vsrc ea vnc ocfgso+

VNC FWK@OGJZ EA TCRZEK@IGVW

CKCRMW

Ic}gk) gk jeooek }gvn oezv tcrzek`igvw vncergzvz) `zzsocz vn`v vnc tcrzek gz `

jeotic~ ckcrmw zwzvco+ Vnc lgkf ea ckcrmw vn`v tcraeroz tzwjneiemgj`i }erl gz j`iicftzwjngj`i

zwzvco+ Zgkjc Ic}gkz vncerw gz c~jiszgqciw tzwjneiemgj`i gk jn`r`jvcr) gv gz kev kcjczz`rw aer ngo

ve fc`i }gvn vnc psczvgek ea vnc rci`vgek ea vnc tzwjngj`i ckcrmw ve vnc evncr lgkfz ea ckcrmw+

Tzwjngj`i ckcrmw gz rcic`zcf }nck vnc tzwjngj zwzvco .vnc tcrzek' `vvcotvz ve rcvsrk

ve cpsgigbrgso `avcr gv n`z bcck vnre}k gkve ` zv`vc ea fgzcpsgigbrgso+ Fgzcpsgigbrgso gz

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trefsjcf bw `k gkjrc`zc ea vckzgek gk ekc t`rv ea vnc zwzvco rci`vgqc ve vnc rczv ea vnc zwzvco)

cgvncr `z ` rczsiv ea c~vcrk`i zvgosi`vgek er gkvcrk`i jn`kmc+ ]nck vckzgek vnresmnesv vnc

zwzvco bcjeocz cps`igxcf `m`gk) vnc esvtsv ea ckcrmw gz n`ivcf `kf vnc vev`i zwzvco jeocz ve

rczv+

VCKZGEK

Vckzgek gz ` zv`vc ea vnc tcrzek) er ztc`lgkm oerc trcjgzciw) gv gz ` zv`vc ea gkkcr/

tcrzek`i rcmgek rci`vgqc ve evncr gkkcr/tcrzek`i rcmgekz+ ]nck Ic}gk rcacrz ve vnc fwk`ogj

tretcrvgcz ea ` rcmgek er jcii ea vnc gkkcr/tcrzek`i ztncrc) nc j`iiz vnc rcmgek ` zwzvco+

Vckzgek n`z v}e goterv`kv jekjctvs`i tretcrvgcz+ Vnc agrzv tretcrvw gz vn`v ` zv`vc ea

vckzgek gk ` t`rvgjsi`r zwzvco vckfz ve cps`igxc gvzcia }gvn vnc `oeskv ea vckzgek gk zsrreskfgkm

zwzvcoz+

Vnc tzwjneiemgj`i oc`kz bw }ngjn vckzgek bcjeocz cps`igxcf gz j`iicf ` trejczz+ @

trejczz o`w bc vngklgkm) rcocobcrgkm) accigkm) tcrjcgqgkm) `jvgkm) er vnc iglc+ Aer gkzv`kjc) `

tcrzek }ne gz a`jcf }gvn vnc v`zl ea zeiqgkm ` trebico bcjeocz vckzc gk ekc ea vncgr zwzvcoz+

Gk erfcr ve zeiqc vnc trebico `kf vncrcbw rcfsjc vnc vckzgek) nc er znc ckm`mcz gk vnc trejczz

ea vngklgkm+ Vngklgkm jekvgkscz skvgi ` z`vgza`jverw zeisvgek gz aeskf) `v }ngjn vgoc) vnc tcrzek

rcvsrkz ve ` zv`vc ea cpsgigbrgso+@ivnesmn vckzgek `i}`wz oeqcz ve}`rf ` jekfgvgek ea cpsgigbrgso) vngz jekjctvs`i

tretcrvw `ttigcz ekiw ve vnc zwzvco `z ` }neic) `kf kev kcjczz`rgiw ve `ii ea vnc t`rv zwzvcoz+ @

t`rv zwzvco o`w `jvs`iiw bcjeoc oerc `kf oerc vckzc fsrgkm vnc vgoc vn`v vnc }neic zwzvco

gz rcvsrkgkm ve ` b`i`kjcf jekfgvgek+ Vngz n`ttckz }nck ` tcrzek n`z ve v`lc ` jgrjsgvesz resvc

gk zeiqgkm ` trebico+ Fsrgkm vnc fcvesr) vckzgek o`w oeskv gk ekc ea vnc zsbrcmgekz `ivnesmn

vnc eqcr`ii trejczz }gii cqckvs`iiw brgkm vnc tcrzek b`jl ve ` zv`vc ea cpsgigbrgso+

@ zv`vc ea cpsgigbrgso fecz kev oc`k vn`v vnc zwzvco gz }gvnesv vckzgek+ Treb`biw ke

erm`kgzo j`k `jngcqc ` jeoticvciw vckzgek/arcc zv`vc `kf rco`gk `igqc+ Cpsgigbrgso oc`kz

cgvncr vn`v vnc vckzgek vnresmnesv vnc vev`i zwzvco gz cps`igxcf er vn`v ` zsbzwzvco gk }ngjn `k

skcps`i `oeskv ea vckzgek c~gzvz gz agroiw }`iicf eaa er gzei`vcf areo vnc evncr gkkcr/tcrzek`i

zwzvcoz+

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@ zcjekf jekjctvs`i tretcrvw ea vckzgek gz vn`v gv c~crvz trczzsrc stek vnc beskf`rw

ea vnc zwzvco+ Ga vnc beskf`rw gz t`rvgjsi`riw agro) vnc fgaaszgek ea vckzgek areo ekc zwzvco ve

`fh`jckv zwzvcoz }gii bc gotcfcf) bsv ga vnc beskf`rw gz }c`l) vckzgek }gii aie} rc`fgiw areo

ekc zwzvco gkve evncr zwzvcoz+ Erfgk`rgiw) ` t`rvgjsi`r vckzgek zwzvco zn`rcz gvz beskf`rw }gvn

oerc vn`k ekc evncr vckzgek zwzvco+ Gk zsjn j`zcz) vnc rczgzv`kjc ea ekc t`rv ea vnc beskf`rw

o`w bc }c`lcr vn`k vn`v `v evncr t`rvz ea vnc beskf`rw+ Vngz }gii tcrogv vckzgek ve t`zz gk

jcrv`gk fgrcjvgekz oerc arcciw vn`k gk evncr fgrcjvgekz+ Gk evncr }erfz) fwk`ogj jeooskgj`vgek

bcv}cck zwzvcoz gz q`rg`bic jekfgvgek+

KCCF

@k gkjrc`zc ea vckzgek er vnc rcic`zc ea ckcrmw gk `k gkkcr/tcrzek`i rcmgek gz j`szcf bw

vnc `resz`i ea ` kccf8 @ kccf o`w bc ` tnwzgeiemgj`i jekfgvgek zsjn `z nskmcr) vngrzv er zc~< gv

o`w bc ` fczgrc aer zeocvngkm zsjn `z ` heb er ` zteszc< er gv o`w bc `k gkvckvgek ve fe

zeocvngkm zsjn `z jeoticvgkm ` v`zl er lcctgkm `k `ttegkvockv+ @ kccf gz) vncrcaerc) `

oevgq`vgek`i jekjctv `kf gz cpsgq`ickv ve zsjn vcroz `z oevgqc) }gzn) frgqc `kf srmc+

Ic}gk rcar`gkz areo zwzvco`vgj`iiw fgzjszzgkm vnc k`vsrc) zesrjc) ksobcr `kf lgkfz ea

kccfz bcj`szc nc gz kev `v `ii z`vgzagcf }gvn vnc jekjctv+ Nc acciz vn`v cqckvs`iiw) vnc vcro kccf

}gii bc frettcf areo tzwjneiemw gk a`qer ea ` oerc zsgv`bic jekjctv) ekc vn`v gz oercebzcrq`bic `kf oc`zsr`bic+ Kev vn`v nc acciz vn`v gv gz }ervn}ngic ve zcv aervn ` igzv ea kccfz `z

ze o`kw tzwjneiemgzvz fe+ Gk vnc agrzv ti`jc) vnc ekiw vngkm vn`v rc`iiw o`vvcrz gk vnc fczjrgtvgek

ea tzwjneiemgj`i rc`igvw gz ve rctrczckv vnezc kccfz vn`v `jvs`iiw c~gzv gk vnc oeockv`rw

zgvs`vgek+ Vnczc `rc vnc ekiw kccfz vn`v `rc trefsjgkm caacjvz+ Ek `k `bzvr`jv icqci) gv o`w bc

z`gf vn`v cqcrwekc gz j`t`bic ea accigkm nskmrw) bsv gv gz ekiw }nck vnc nskmcr frgqc gz `jvs`iiw

fgzvsrbgkm vnc cpsgigbrgso ea ` tcrzek vn`v gv n`z ve bc v`lck gkve `jvgek+

C`jn kccf gz ` jekjrcvc a`jv `kf skiczz gv gz fczjrgbcf gk `ii ea gvz t`rvgjsi`rgvw `kf

fcv`gi) ekc gz kev `bic ve skfcrzv`kf vrsc tzwjneiemgj`i rc`igvw+

Ic}gk `ize fgzvgkmsgzncz bcv}cck kccfz `kf ps`zg/kccfz+ @ kccf gz fsc ve zeoc gkkcr

zv`vc zsjn `z nskmcr) }ngic ` ps`zg/kccf gz cpsgq`ickv ve ` ztcjgagj gkvckvgek) iglc z`vgzawgkm

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ekcz nskmcr bw c`vgkm `v ` t`rvgjsi`r rczv`sr`kv+ Ic}gk acciz vn`v vnc kccfz ea ` tcrzek `rc

fcvcrogkcf ve ` i`rmc c~vckv bw zejg`i a`jverz+

VCKZGEK @KF OEVERGJ @JVGEK

]n`v gz vnc rci`vgek ea vckzgek ve `jvgek5 Ekc ogmnv jekhcjvsrc vn`v ckcrmw aie}gkm

areo `k gkkcr/tcrzek`i rcmgek gkve vnc oevergj }esif rczsiv fgrcjviw gk ` tzwjneiemgj`i

iejeoevgek+ Ic}gk) ne}cqcr) rchcjvz zsjn ` tezgvgek+ Vckzgek trczzgkm ek vnc esvcr beskf`rw ea

vnc tcrzek j`kkev j`szc iejeoevgek+ Vncrcaerc) gkzvc`f ea igklgkm kccf er vckzgek fgrcjviw ve

`jvgek bw }`w ea vnc oevergj) nc igklz kccf }gvn jcrv`gk tretcrvgcz ea vnc ckqgrekockv vn`v

vnck fcvcrogkcz vnc lgkf ea iejeoevgek vn`v }gii ejjsr+

V}e `ffgvgek`i jekjctvz `rc rcpsgrcf gk erfcr ve `jjeotigzn vngz tsrtezc+ Vncw `rc

q`ickjc `kfaerjc+

Q@ICKJC

@ q`ickjc gz ` jekjctvs`i tretcrvw ea ` rcmgek ea vnc tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv+ Gv gz

vn`v q`isc ea ` rcmgek aer ` tcrzek+ Vncrc `rc v}e lgkfz ea q`isc) tezgvgqc `kf kcm`vgqc+ @ rcmgek

ea ` tezgvgqc q`isc gz ekc vn`v jekv`gkz me`i ebhcjv vn`v }gii rcfsjc vckzgek }nck vnc tcrzek

ckvcrz vnc rcmgek+ Aer c~`otic) ` rcmgek vn`v jekv`gkz aeef }gii n`qc ` tezgvgqc q`ickjc aer `tcrzek }ne gz nskmrw+ @ rcmgek ea kcm`vgqc q`isc gz ekc vn`v }gii gkjrc`zc vckzgek+ Aer ` tcrzek

}ne gz `ar`gf ea femz `kw rcmgek vn`v jekv`gkz ` fem }gii n`qc ` kcm`vgqc q`ickjc+ Tezgvgqc

q`ickjcz vvr`jv) kcm`vgqc q`ickjcz rctci+

@ q`ickjc gz jeerfgk`vcf }gvn ` kccf+ Vngz oc`kz vn`v }ncvncr ` t`rvgjsi`r rcmgek ea

vnc ckqgrekockv n`z ` tezgvgqc er kcm`vgqc q`isc fctckfz fgrcjviw stek ` zwzvco gk ` zv`vc ea

vckzgek+ Kccfz got`rv q`iscz ve vnc ckqgrekockv+ Vncw erm`kgxc ckqgrekockv gkve ` kcv}erl ea

gkqgvgkm `kf rctciigkm rcmgekz+ Ne}cqcr) vngz kcv}erl ea q`ickjcz fctckfz `ize stek `igck

a`jverz vn`v fe kev a`ii }gvngk vnc zjetc ea tzwjneiemgj`i i`}z+ Vnc trczckjc er `bzckjc ea vnc

kccfcf ebhcjvz vncozciqcz ebqgesziw ti`wz `k goterv`kv t`rv gk zvrsjvsrgkm vnc tzwjneiemgj`i

ckqgrekockv+ ]ncvncr aeef gz trczckv `kf rcjemkgx`bic) }n`v lgkf ea aeef gv gz `kf }n`v

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ps`kvgvw) gvz `q`gi`bgigvw `kf gvz tre~gogvw ve ebhcjvz vn`v tezzczz kcm`vgqc q`ickjc) `rc `ii kek/

tzwjneiemgj`i a`jverz vn`v gkaisckjc vnc q`ickjc ea ` rcmgek aer ` nskmrw tcrzek+

@ q`ickjc gz ` q`rg`bic ps`kvgvw< gv o`w bc }c`l) ocfgso er zvrekm+ Vnc zvrckmvn ea `

q`ickjc fctckfz stek vnc zvrckmvn ea vnc kccf tisz `ii ea vnc kek/tzwjneiemgj`i a`jverz

ockvgekcf beqc+

@ q`ickjc gz kev ` aerjc+ Gv zvccrz vnc tcrzek vnresmn ngz er ncr tzwjneiemgj`i

ckqgrekockv bsv gv fecz kev zsttiw vnc oevgqc te}cr aer vnc iejeoevgek+ @z }c n`qc `irc`fw

zcck) kcgvncr fecz ` zwzvco gk ` zv`vc ea vckzgek trefsjc iejeoevgek+ @kevncr jekjctv gz

kccfcf+ Vngz gz vnc jekjctv eaaerjc er qcjver+

AERJC er QCJVER

// @ aerjc gz jeerfgk`vcf }gvn ` kccf) bsv gv gz kev ` vckzgek+ @ aerjc c~gzvz gk `

tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv }ngic ` vckzgek gz ` tretcrvw ea `k gkkcr/tcrzek`i zwzvco+

Jekjctvs`i Tretcrvgcz ea Aerjc8

`+ fgrcjvgek

/ Vnc fgrcjvgek gk }ngjn vnc qcjver tegkvz+

b+ zvrckmvn

/ Vnc ickmvn ea vnc qcjver+j+ tegkv ea `ttigj`vgek

/ Vnc ti`jc }ncrc vnc vgt ea vnc `rre} gotgkmcz stek vnc esvcr beskf`rw

ea vnc tcrzek+

@ qcjver gz `i}`wz fr`}k ek vnc esvzgfc ea ` tcrzek `kf kcqcr gkzgfc bcj`szc

tzwjneiemgj`i aerjcz `rc tretcrvgcz ea vnc ckqgrekockv `kf kev ea vnc tcrzek+ Ga vncrc gz ekiw

ekc qcjver .aerjc' `jvgkm stek ` tcrzek) vnck vncrc }gii bc ` iejeoevgek er ` vckfckjw ve oeqc

gk vnc fgrcjvgek ea vnc qcjver+ Ga v}e er oerc qcjverz `rc tszngkm vnc tcrzek gk zcqcr`i fgaacrckv

fgrcjvgekz) vnc rczsivgkm iejeoevgek }gii bc vnc rczsiv`kv ea `ii vnc aerjcz+

Ke} }c j`k zcc vnc rci`vgek ea q`ickjc ve qcjver+ @ rcmgek vn`v tezzczzcz ` tezgvgqc

q`ickjc gz ekc gk }ngjn vnc aerjcz `jvgkm stek vnc tcrzek `rc fgrcjvcf ve}`rfz vngz rcmgek+ @

rcmgek ea kcm`vgqc q`ickjc gz ekc gk }ngjn vnc qcjverz `rc tegkvgkm gk vnc ettezgvc fgrcjvgek+ Gk

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evncr }erfz) vnc fgrcjvgek ea ` qcjver gz fgrcjviw fcvcrogkcf bw vnc iej`vgek ea ` rcmgek }gvn

cgvncr tezgvgqc er kcm`vgqc q`ickjc+ Vnc zvrckmvn ea ` qcjver gz rci`vcf ve vnc zvrckmvn ea `

q`ickjc) ve vnc tzwjneiemgj`i fgzv`kjc bcv}cck vnc tcrzek `kf vnc q`ickjc) `kf ve vnc rci`vgqc

tevckjw ea evncr q`ickjcz+

IEJEOEVGEK

// @ tezgvgek ve rctrczckv vnc ztcjgagj t`vn vn`v ` tcrzek }gii vr`kzjrgbc gk oeqgkm

vnresmn ngz er ncr tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv+

Gk mckcr`i) gv o`w bc z`gf vn`v `kw iejeoevgek j`k bc asiiw `jjeskvcf aer bw vnc

jekjctvz ea kccf) vckzgek) aerjc) q`ickjc) b`rrgcr) vnc tretcrvgcz ea vnc ocfgso) vnc fgockzgek

ea rc`igvw/skrc`igvw) `kf vnc vgoc tcrztcjvgqc+

Fwk`ogj`i Rczvrsjvsrgkm ea vnc Tzwjneiemgj`i Ckqgrekockv

Vnc fwk`ogjz ea vnc tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv j`k jn`kmc gk aesr fgaacrckv }`wz8

/vnc q`isc ea vnc rcmgek o`w jn`kmc ps`kvgv`vgqciw er gv o`w jn`kmc ps`igv`vgqciw+

/qcjverz o`w jn`kmc gk zvrckmvn er gk fgrcjvgek er gk bevn rcztcjvz

/beskf`rgcz o`w bcjeoc agrocr er }c`lcr) ttc`r er fgz`ttc`r

/vnc o`vcrg`i tretcrvgcz ea ` rcmgek o`w bc `ivcrcf+Rczvrsjvsrgkm ea vnc tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv o`w v`lc ti`jc `z ` rczsiv ea jn`kmcz gk

vnc vckzgek zwzvcoz ea vnc tcrzek) `z ` rczsiv ea ` iejeoevgek) er `z ` rczsiv ea jemkgvgqc

trejczzcz+ Rczvrsjvsrgkm j`k `ize rczsiv areo vnc gkvrszgek ea `igck a`jverz areo vnc aercgmk nsii

gkve vnc tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv+

Rcvsrk ve Cpsgigbrgso

Vnc sivgo`vc me`i ea `ii tzwjneiemgj`i trejczzcz gz ve rcvsrk vnc tcrzek ve ` zv`vc ea

cpsgigbrgso+ Vngz me`i j`k bc rc`jncf gk ` ksobcr ea }`wz) fctckfgkm stek vnc t`rvgjsi`r

trejczz vn`v gz ckm`mcf+

Fgzcpsgigbrgso gz fcagkcf `z ` zv`vc ea skcps`i vckzgek vnresmnesv vnc q`rgesz zwzvcoz

ea vnc tcrzek+ Ekc }`w gk }ngjn `k cpsgigbrgso j`k bc rc`jncf gz aer vnc vckzgek ea zwzvco ve

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fgaaszc vnresmnesv `ii ea vnc evncr zwzvcoz skvgi vnc vckzgek vnresmnesv vnc gkkcr/tcrzek`i

ztncrc gz cps`igxcf+ ]nck vnc beskf`rw ea vnc gkkcr/tcrzek`i rcmgek gz ke iekmcr `bic ve rczgzv

vnc trczzsrc ek gv) vncrc }gii bc ` zsffck brc`lvnresmn ea ckcrmw gkve vnc oevergso vn`v }gii

trefsjc `mgv`vcf bcn`qger+ Vngz fczjrgbcz }n`v v`lcz ti`jc }nck ` tcrzek n`z ` vcotcr

v`kvrso er ` agv+

Ga vnc beskf`rw bcv}cck vnc gkkcr/tcrzek`i zwzvco `kf vnc tcrjctvs`i oever `rc` gz

a`griw tcroc`bic) vnc vckzgek j`k bc fgzzgt`vcf gk rczviczz `jvgqgvw+ Vngz gz ` a`griw trgogvgqc oefc

ea vckzgek rcfsjvgek vn`v gz zcck jngcaiw fsrgkm gka`kjw+

Vnc oezv trcq`ickv ocvnef ea rcvsrkgkm ve ` zv`vc ea cpsgigbrgso gz bw tcraerogkm `k

`ttretrg`vc iejeoevgek gk vnc tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv+ @k `ttretrg`vc iejeoevgek gz ekc

vn`v brgkmz vnc tcrzek gkve vnc rcmgek ea ` z`vgzawgkm me`i ebhcjv+

FCQCIETOCKV@I JEKJCTVZ

N`qgkm zcv aervn zeoc ea vnc goterv`kv jn`kmcz vn`v v`lc ti`jc fsrgkm fcqcietockv) k`ociw)

jn`kmcz gk q`rgcvw) jeotic~gvw) c~vckzgvw) erm`kgx`vgek) gkvcmr`vgek) `kf rc`igzo+ Ic}gk vnck

trejccfz ve jekjctvs`igxc vnczc jn`kmcz+ Vnc jekzvrsjvz nc szcz `rc vnc z`oc `z vnezc

fgzjszzcf gk trcjcfgkm zcjvgekz ea vngz jn`tvcr) zgkjc bcn`qger `kf fcqcietockv `rc bevnfccocf ve bc askjvgekz ea vnc z`oc zvrsjvsr`i kf fwk`ogj a`jverz+

Fgaacrckvg`vgek

Vnc lcw jekjctv gk Ic}gk-z vncerw ea tcrzek`igvw fcqcietockv vn`v `ttigcz ve `ii `ztcjvz

ea vnc igac zt`jc+ Gv gz fcagkcf `z `k gkjrc`zc gk vnc ksobcr ea t`rvz ea ` }neic+ Aer c~`otic) vnc

ksobcr ea rcmgekz gk vnc gkkcr/tcrzek`i ztncrc gkjrc`zcz }gvn `mc+ Jeot`rc vnc jngif `kf vnc

`fsiv+ Vnc `fsiv n`z o`kw oerc fgaacrckvg`vcf vckzgek zwzvcoz vn`k vnc jngif+ Gk ` zgogi`r

o`kkcr) vnc tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv bcjeocz gkjrc`zgkmiw fgaacrckvg`vcf }gvn `mc+ Vnc vgoc

fgockzgek bcjeocz fgaacrckvg`vcf }gvn `mc+ Vnc vgoc fgockzgek bcjeocz fgaacrckvg`vcf gkve `

rcoevc t`zv) ` kc`r t`zv) ` trczckv) ` kc`r asvsrc) `kf ` a`r asvsrc+ Gkjrc`zgkm o`vsrgvw `ize

brgkmz `k gkjrc`zgkm fgaacrckvg`vgek ea vnc rc`igvw/skrc`igvw fgockzgek+ Bw vnc vgoc ` tcrzek mcvz

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ve bc `k `fsiv nc er znc n`z ic`rkcf) ve zeoc c~vckv) ve fgzvgkmsgzn kev ekiw bcv}cck vnc vrsc

`kf a`izc bsv `ize bcv}cck fgaacrckv fcmrccz ea tezzgbgigvw `kf treb`bgigvw+

Beskf`rw Tretcrvgcz

Mrc`vcr fgaacrckvg`vgek ea vnc tcrzek `kf vnc tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv ebqgesziw

oc`kz `k gkjrc`zc gk vnc ksobcr ea beskf`rgcz+ Bsv kev `ii beskf`rgcz `rc `iglc+ Vncw q`rw gk

zvrckmvn+ Gk mckcr`i) vnc beskf`rgcz ea vnc jngif `rc iczz agro vn`k vnezc ea vnc `fsiv+ Aer

c~`otic) vnc beskf`rw bcv}cck vnc jngif `kf gvz tzwjneiemgj`i ckqgrekockv gz }c`lcr vn`k

vn`v bcv}cck vnc `fsiv `kf ngz er ncr ckqgrekockv+ Vngz `jjeskvz aer vnc a`jv vn`v vnc jngif gz

oerc zsbhcjv ve gkaisckjcz areo vnc ckqgrekockv `kf j`k fgzjn`rmc gkkcr vckzgekz oerc c`zgiw

vn`k vnc `fsiv+ Vnc jngif gz oerc ` t`rv ea vnc ckqgrekockv+

Gkvcmr`vgek

Fgaacrckvg`vgek `kf jn`kmgkm beskf`rw tretcrvgcz j`k `jjeskv aer o`kw ea vnc a`jvz ea

fcqcietockv) bsv vncw j`kkev c~ti`gk vnc gkjrc`zgkm erm`kgx`vgek `kf gkvcmr`vgek ea bcn`qger

}gvn `mc+ @kevncr jekjctv gz kcjczz`rw) }ngjn Ic}gk j`iiz erm`kgx`vgek i gkvcrfctckfckjc+ Gk

erfcr ve `ttrcjg`vc }n`v gz oc`kv bw vngz jekjctv) gv o`w ncit ve jekvr`zv gv }gvn vnc zgoticgkvcrfctckfckjc ea rcmgekz+ Jekzgfcr) aer c~`otic) v}e kcgmnbergkm `kf gkvcrfctckfckv

vckzgek zwzvcoz) ` `kf b+ ]nck ` gz vnre}k gkve ` zv`vc ea ncgmnvckcf vckzgek) ckcrmw aie}z

areo ` gkve b skvgi ` zv`vc ea cps`i vckzgek c~gzvz bcv}cck vnc v}e zwzvcoz+ Zgogi`riw) ga vnc

vckzgek icqci ea b gz r`gzcf ckcrmw lgkf ea rci`vgekzngt bcv}cck vckzgek zwzvcoz vn`v `ttc`rz ve

c~gzv gk vnc b`bw+ @ fgzvsrb`kjc gk ekc rcmgek ztrc`fz ve evncr rcmgekz ea vnc gkkcr/tcrzek`i

ztncrc `kf esv vnresmn vnc oevergj gk ` o`zzgqc) fgaaszc fgzjn`rmc+ Vnc nskmrw b`bw gz rczviczz

`ii eqcr+

@z vnc b`bw o`vsrcz) vnc gkaisckjc ea kcgmnbergkm vckzgek zwzvcoz stek ekc `kevncr

`ttc`rz ve iezc vnc jn`r`jvcrgzvgjz ea bcgkm osvs`i `kf rcjgtrej`i+ Gk ti`jc ea zgotic

gkvcrfctckfckjc) vnc vwtc ea rci`vgekzngt vn`v bcjeocz czv`bigzncf gz vn`v ea ic`fcr `kf icf+

Vckzgek zwzvco ` ic`fz vckzgek zwzvco b gk zsjn ` o`kkcr `z ve ncit ` fgzjn`rmc gvz vckzgek

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}gvnesv kcjczz`rgiw ic`fgkm ve `kw agk`i cps`igvw bcv}cck vnc v}e+ @ zgotic c~`otic ea vngz

erm`kgx`vgek`i gkvcrfctckfckjc gz vnc }`w gk }ngjn `k gkkcr tcrzek`i rcmgek j`k zsberfgk`vc

vnc oevergj ve gvz ebhcjvgqcz) er }nck `k gkkcr/tcrzek`i rcmgek rcmsi`vcz `kf jekvreiz }n`v }gii

bc tcrjcgqcf+

Oerceqcr) gk erm`kgx`vgek`i gkvcrfctckfckjc vckzgek fecz kev fgaaszc areo rcmgek ve

rcmgek ek vnc b`zgz ea tre~gogvw `iekc+ Zcicjvgqgvw fcqcietz ze vn`v zwzvcoz }ngjn `rc rcoevc

areo ekc `kevncr o`w feogk`vc er ic`f c`jn evncr+ @ }neic ngcr`rjnw ea feogk`vc

zsberfgk`vc rci`vgekzngt j`k bcjeoc czv`bigzncf< rcmgek ` o`w rsic rcmgek b) b o`w rsic j) `kf

ze ek+ Vngz }esif c~ti`gk) `oekm evncr vngkmz) vnc `bgigvw ea `k eifcr tcrzek ve erm`kgxc `kf

c~cjsvc ` jeotigj`vcf ti`k ea `jvgek) `k `bgigvw gk }ngjn jngifrck zcco ve bc fcagjgckv+

Ic}gk iglckz vnc erm`kgx`vgek`i skgvw ea ` tcrzek ve `k erm`kgx`vgek }gvn ekc nc`f+

]nck vnc ekc nc`f brc`lz st gkve zcqcr`i nc`fz) skgvw fcjrc`zcz< }nck ` kc} jckvr`i nc`f

cocrmcz) skgvw gkjrc`zcz+ Vnsz) vnc skgvw ea vnc `fsiv tcrzek }`~cz `kf }`kcz gkzvc`f ea

fcqcietgkm gk ` zvr`gmnv o`kkcr+

Zv`mcz ea Fcqcietockv

Aer Ic}gk) fcqcietockv gz ` jekvgksesz trejczz gk }ngjn gv gz fgaagjsiv ve rcjemkgxcfgzjrcvc zv`mcz+ Nc `ize tegkvz esv vnc fgaacrckv agrzv rcmgekz bcjeoc fgaacrckvg`vcf gk vnc b`bw

`rc vnezc vn`v n`qc ve fe }gvn c`vgkm `kf cigogk`vgek+

Ic}gk bcigcqcz vn`v vnc szc ea `k `mc zj`ic aer fczjrgbgkm fcqcietockv gz kev rc`iiw

`fcps`vc aer skfcrzv`kfgkm tzwjneiemgj`i mre}vn+ Vnc `mc zj`ic }gii cqckvs`iiw n`qc ve bc

frettcf gk a`qer ea fcmrccz fgaacrckvg`vgek) erm`kgx`vgek) gkvcmr`vgek `kf vnc iglc+ Oerceqcr)

tzwjneiemw oszv `ffrczz gvzcia ve vnc v`zl ea vnc jec~gzvgkm `kf fwk`ogj`iiw rci`vcf a`jvz }ngjn

rctrczckv vnc jekfgvgekz aer vnc jn`kmc `v vnc vgoc vnc jn`kmc gv v`lcz ti`jc+

Rcmrczzgek

Ic}gk n`z o`fc zeoc goterv`kv jekvrgbsvgekz) bevn vncercvgj`i `kf c~tcrgockv`i) ve

esr skfcrzv`kfgkm ea rcmrczzgek+ Gk vnc agrzv ti`jc) nc fgzvgkmsgzncz bcv}cck rcvremrczzgek `kf

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rcmrczzgek+ Rcvremrczzgek rcacrz ve ` rcvsrk ve `k c`rigcr aero ea bcn`qger gk vnc igac ngzverw ea

vnc tcrzek }ncrc`z rcmrczzgek rcacrz ve `kw jn`kmc ve ` oerc trgogvgqc aero ea bcn`qger)

rcm`rficzz ea }ncvncr vnc tcrzek n`f cqcr bcn`qcf gk vn`v }`w trcqgesziw+ Gv gz osjn c`zgcr ve

zvsfw rcmrczzgek vn`k rcvremrczzgek) `z vncrc vcroz `rc fcagkcf) bcj`szc gv gz kev kcjczz`rw ve

czv`bigzn }ncvncr vnc bcn`qger veel ti`jc trcqgesziw gk vnc igqcz ea vnc zsbhcjvz+ Oerceqcr) gk

zvsfwgkm rcmrczzgek) vnc c~tcrgockv j`k o`lc szc ea `mc keroz vn`v n`qc bcck czv`bigzncf aer

q`rgesz jvgqgvgcz+