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![Page 1: Kristin Olofsson & JC Martel School of Public Affairs University of Colorado, Denver Understanding the Narratives and Framing of Air Pollution in Delhi,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bff31a28abf838cbc487/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kristin Olofsson & JC MartelSchool of Public Affairs
University of Colorado, Denver
Understanding the Narratives and Framing of Air Pollution in Delhi, India
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Research Question
Why study the issue of air pollution in Delhi?
• Complex challenges
• Urban sustainability
• Policymakers’ priorities
• Lend meaning to state action
How is the air pollution issue in Delhi being framed by mass media and nonprofit
organizations?
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Complementary Methods
Mass Media: Inductive approach using automated text coding of news media coverage
• AutoMap
Source Number of Articles Composition of TotalThe Economic Times 17 7.20%The Financial Express 10 4.26%Hindustan Times 71 30.24%Indian Express 34 14.47%The Times of India 103 43.83%TOTAL 235 100.00%
Parent CategoryACTORPOLLUTIONTRANSPORTECONOMY/BUSINESSENVIRONMENTJURISDICTION (SPECIFIC)SCALE (NON-JURISDICTIONAL)REGULATIONRESEARCHCONSUMPTIONGROWTH (URBANIZATION)INDUSTRYENERGYHEALTHSOCIAL IMPACTSVISUAL ASTHETICSSOLUTIONCULTURAL/RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIESNEGATIVE FRAME
Nonprofit Organizations: Deductive approach using narrative analysis that focuses on the stories told via online documents from nonprofit organizations
• Narrative Policy Framework• NVIVO• Intercoder reliability
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Mass Media
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Concept Frequency Within Mass Media Sample
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Relationships Between Actors and Concepts
Key Findings
• Actors play different roles
• Environment concepts co-occur most
• University & Research frame more scientific
• Solutions not associated with Government
Actor Type
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Nonprofit Organizations
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Causes, Effects, and Solutions Portrayed
Causes Transport 70%Industrial Production 35%Environment 30%Household/business consumption 27%Other 16%Infrastructure 14%Urbanization 14%
Effects Health 81%Economy 19%Visual Aesthetics 14%Social Impacts 5%Other 5%Environment 3%
Solutions New Infrastructure/Planning 73%Regulation 59%Administrative Capacity and Enforcement 32%Research and Information 30%Voluntary 30%Implement Current Goals 27%Other 24%Market Solution 14%
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Types of Actors PortrayedCharacter Type Hero Villain VictimNonprofit 32% 3% 0%Government & Authority 54% 38% 0%Supreme Court 22% 3% 0%University & Research Agencies (inc. WHO) 24% 8% 0%Media 0% 3% 0%Wealthy People & Car Owners 0% 11% 0%
Public, Non-wealthy, Vulnerable Populations, Pedestrians & Transit Users 14% 3% 22%
Industry 3% 14% 0%
Key Findings
• Government is both a Hero and a Villain
• Supreme Court and University & Research Agencies are primarily Heroes
• Wealthy People & Car Owners are only framed as Villains
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Actors in Relation to Solutions
Actor Type
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How is the air pollution issue in Delhi being framed by mass media and nonprofit
organizations?
Mass MediaNonprofit
Organizations
Highest frequency concepts
TRANSPORTATION AND HEALTH
Most cited Cause & Effect, respectively
Frames without solution words GOVERNMENT Frames as both Hero
and Villain
Frames University & Research Agencies with most solution words
SOLUTIONS
Solution: New Infrastructure & Planning correlates with most actor types
Highest co-occurrence with other categories
PEOPLE Only Victim type framed
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Future Research Plans
•Increase NPF sample size using WebCrawler
•Develop interview protocol for return trip to India
•Analyze solutions in-depth
•Compare Delhi, Beijing, Los Angeles