Kristi M. MulliganFinal Project Presentation

Elluminate SessionDecember 6, 2009

Image taken from: http://www.dessertseed.com/world_climate_map-large.jpg

Maps from A to Z: Maps from A to Z:

A Guide for the A Guide for the NoviceNovicePresented by:Presented by:

Kristi M. Kristi M. MulliganMulliganDecember 2, December 2, 20092009

► Atlases are collections of data Atlases are collections of data about countries or specialized about countries or specialized topics. Data and topics topics. Data and topics include, but are not limited to:include, but are not limited to: Maps & PhotographsMaps & Photographs Roads & PopulationsRoads & Populations Agriculture & WeatherAgriculture & Weather AstronomyAstronomy

www.amazon.com/National-Geographic-World-Atlas-Explorers/dp/1426300883/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259644838&sr=1-4#noop

www.amazon.com/Color-Atlas-Anatomy-Photographic-Study/dp/0781790131/ref=sr_1_53?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1259645294&sr=1-53

Let’s Use An Online AtlasLet’s Use An Online AtlasVisit the National Atlas at

www.nationalatlas.gov . 1. Click on “Geology.” Choose “Geologic

Maps.” Write a brief description of the map that appears.

2. Return to www.nationalatlas.gov . Click on “Potentially Active Volcanoes.” Follow the directions to find those in California. What is the name of the potentially active volcano nearest to Fresno?

Geographic regions or areas of interest are separated from one another by boundaries. Boundaries can be lines like those that separate counties and states on road maps. Colored blocks can also serve as boundaries as with the map shown below.

Let’s practice: What type of boundary might the blue and red blocks of color represent on this map? Hint: the map might be seen in your senior government class.

Image taken from: http://illuminations.nctm.org/Lessons/ElectoralCollege/2000map.jpg

Cartography is the science of Cartography is the science of mapmaking. It includes acquisition, mapmaking. It includes acquisition, presentation, and use of data.presentation, and use of data.

Let’s Practice: Be the CartographerDraw a map that shows the route you take to get from your house to school. Provide at least four details that would help someone to know the route whether or not he/she had ever gone that way before.

Distance is the extent or Distance is the extent or amount of space between amount of space between two things, places, points, or two things, places, points, or lines. lines. Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!

Answer the following questions using the Answer the following questions using the map on the next slide:map on the next slide:

1.1. What crucial piece of information is What crucial piece of information is included that helps you find the included that helps you find the distance between Fresno and Selma?distance between Fresno and Selma?

2.2. What is that distance in miles? In What is that distance in miles? In kilometers?kilometers?

3.3. What is the approximate distance What is the approximate distance between Fresno and Madera?between Fresno and Madera?

Image taken from: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/county-maps/california/maps/fresno-county-map.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/county-maps/california/fresno-county-map.html&usg=__V8BohRSsuiCdqg6HbyJock6xG_U=&h=554&w=700&sz=378&hl=en&start=7&sig2=aMAHLe8OVvAU-p4e4RpXWQ&tbnid=RnYhbxYN4nWSYM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfresno%2Bmap%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den&ei=IAIWS8f_EIPGsQOZuvz3Aw.

Is the altitude of a place above sea Is the altitude of a place above sea level. (Sea level is 0 feet or 0 km).level. (Sea level is 0 feet or 0 km).

Let’s PracticeLet’s PracticeUse the elevation markers on the Use the elevation markers on the

following map to identify the:following map to identify the:a.a. Highest elevation Highest elevation b.b.Lowest elevationLowest elevation

Image taken from: www.rollanet.org/~conorw/cwome/hahatonka_topo_map.jpg

A map feature is a visual representation of real-world data. A variety of features can be included on a map. Some common features are:

Cities Roads Water Features (blue creeks, rivers, lakes) National parks (often green) Restaurants (often represented by a fork and

knife)Let’s Practice!

Identify two special features on the following map. What do you think they represent?

City Center, Buenos Aires, City Center, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArgentina

Image taken from: http://argentiniantravel.com/imag/mapa__map_buenos_aires__base_MODIFICADO.jpg

This system of This system of 2424 satellites can be satellites can be used by anyone used by anyone with a G.P.S. unit with a G.P.S. unit to calculate their to calculate their position on the position on the Earth’s surface to Earth’s surface to within a few feet.within a few feet.

Let’s Practice!Go online and find four different G.P.S. units & name:• the manufacturer• 3 product details• common uses• a sale price for each

California is rich in resources. It is also rich in the California is rich in resources. It is also rich in the potential for damage due to natural hazards like potential for damage due to natural hazards like earthquakes. Cartographers provide maps of these earthquakes. Cartographers provide maps of these hazards as references for the public.hazards as references for the public.

Let’s practice!Let’s practice!Look at the map on the next slide. Answer Look at the map on the next slide. Answer these questions:these questions: When was the map created?When was the map created?1)How many earthquakes had been How many earthquakes had been measured within an hour of the map’s measured within an hour of the map’s creation?creation?2)Approximately what magnitudes were Approximately what magnitudes were the two strongest earthquakes that the two strongest earthquakes that occurred near Fresno within a week of the occurred near Fresno within a week of the map’s creation?map’s creation?3)According to the data on the map, According to the data on the map, citizens in what areas of the state were citizens in what areas of the state were most likely to have felt an earthquake most likely to have felt an earthquake during the week leading up to the map’s during the week leading up to the map’s creation?creation?

Image taken from: earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsus/Maps/US10/32.42.-125.-115.php

► Contour line that is accentuated in thickness and is often labeled with the appropriate measure of elevation. Index contours occur every four or fifth contour interval and help the map user read elevations on a map. Let’s Practice:

► The Contour Interval on the following map is 20 feet. What is the elevation of the lake?

Image taken from: http://www.rollanet.org/~conorw/cwome/hahatonka_topo_map.jpg

Known as “Father Known as “Father of the National of the National Park Service”Park Service”

His cartographic His cartographic work made a work made a lasting and lasting and profound impact profound impact on our nation and on our nation and culture.culture.

Images taken from: http://digitalcollections.pacific.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/muirjournals&CISOPTR=723&REC=13

Let’s Practice!Go online and find two additional individuals whose cartographic contributions impacted the study of our world in a lasting way. Describe their work and its impact.

Photos taken from aloft provide a new perspective Photos taken from aloft provide a new perspective from which we can view our world. from which we can view our world.

KAP is both a hobby and scientific method of collecting KAP is both a hobby and scientific method of collecting remotely-sensed images for fun and science!remotely-sensed images for fun and science!

KAP image of the Ring of Brodgar-ancient burial chamber taken from: http://web.archive.org/web/20050214044533/www.harb87.fsnet.co.uk/circ/circ.htm

Let’s Let’s Practice!Practice!

Visit the KAP website maintained by Dr. James Aber http://www.geospectra.net/kite/applic/applic.htm► Name 3 uses scientists have found for images gathered through KAP► Explain why each use is preferable to traditional methods of data collection.

KAP image taken from: http://www.geospectra.net/kite/pueblo/pueblo.htm

Image of Slains Castle, Scotland, by Pierre Lesage and taken from: www.flickr.com/photos/tahitipix/1464154618/

Latitude is the distance north Latitude is the distance north or south from a point on the or south from a point on the Earth’s surface to the equator.Earth’s surface to the equator.

Longitude is the distance of a Longitude is the distance of a point to the east or west of point to the east or west of the prime meridian.the prime meridian.

Each is represented by lines Each is represented by lines that form a grid over a map.that form a grid over a map.

Positions on the grid are Positions on the grid are identified as East/West and identified as East/West and North/South coordinates.North/South coordinates.

Let’s Let’s Practice!Practice!

Image taken from: Image taken from: http://www.jsu.edu/http://www.jsu.edu/depart/geography/depart/geography/mhill/mhill/phygeogone/ltlng.jpgphygeogone/ltlng.jpg

1)What point is located at 14’ N and 45’ W?

2)What are the coordinates of point C?

3)What are the coordinates of point F?

Maps are visual representations of dataTraditional maps are two-dimensional. Some are hand-drawn, others are digital. Some digital maps are even three-dimensionalMany types of maps: topographic, political, road, weather, traffic, Bigfoot sightings, and more!

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!

► Name three languages that are spoken in more Name three languages that are spoken in more than one country.than one country.

► Other than English, what are three other major Other than English, what are three other major languages of the world?languages of the world?

Image taken from: http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-language-map.htm

Nautical maps represent hydrographic (water-Nautical maps represent hydrographic (water-related) features and their surrounding related) features and their surrounding shorelines.shorelines.

Common sources of nautical maps are:Common sources of nautical maps are:► U.S. Oceanographic SocietyU.S. Oceanographic Society► National Geographic SocietyNational Geographic Society

Image taken from: http://savanna.mosaicglobe.com/gallery/2723/mid/Carb_Chart_thumb.jpg

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!

Image taken from: Image taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NOAA_chart_25664_1976.le:NOAA_chart_25664_1976.pngpng

1) Name 2 ways that this map differs from Name 2 ways that this map differs from a road map:a road map:

2) Name 3 features on this map that are Name 3 features on this map that are ALSO found on road and topographic ALSO found on road and topographic maps:maps:

►Object-based data is data on a map in which Object-based data is data on a map in which one feature represents one real-world object one feature represents one real-world object (such as a hotel, a gas station, or a volcano).(such as a hotel, a gas station, or a volcano).

►Maps that are created for travel and tourism Maps that are created for travel and tourism purposes often supply users with object-purposes often supply users with object-based data.based data.

Old Faithful Region of Yellowstone National Park Image taken from: Old Faithful Region of Yellowstone National Park Image taken from: http://www.nps.gov/archive/yell/interactivemap/ofdetail.htm http://www.nps.gov/archive/yell/interactivemap/ofdetail.htm

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!This map demonstrates the use of Object-Based Data. Please:

1.Name two types of data from this map that you might also find on a city map.

2.Who do you think created this map? (Hint: think about organizations we have discussed during this unit).

3. Name one type of data on this map that is specific to the map’s place of origin.

► The science and art The science and art of making accurate of making accurate measurements of measurements of distance by using distance by using aerial photographyaerial photography

Image taken from: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://arch.ced.berkeley.edu/kap/images/3rig3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://arch.ced.berkeley.edu/kap/equip/kaprig3.html&usg=__TKHavVgBSfBkfl4lwJ7jVqyPzXQ=&h=472&w=300&sz=27&hl=en&start=17&sig2=w4zJESZTXwl9SWsd8d4VuQ&um=1&tbnid=dxIlGoHXsRZjyM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkap%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4TSNA_enUS355US355%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&ei=I24XS4erGomIsgP7qLS3DQ

► Four-sided area, bounded by Four-sided area, bounded by parallels of latitude and parallels of latitude and

meridians meridians of longitude used as an area unit of longitude used as an area unit in mapping.in mapping.► Quadrangles often illustrate Quadrangles often illustrate the geographic data of a large the geographic data of a large land area.land area.

► The process of obtaining data about an The process of obtaining data about an area, while remaining a great distance area, while remaining a great distance from the location.from the location.

►Common tools used in Remote Sensing:Common tools used in Remote Sensing: SatellitesSatellites Kites (KAP) and Blimps (Blimp Aerial Kites (KAP) and Blimps (Blimp Aerial

Photography)Photography)

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!

Image was taken from: http://landsat.usgs.gov/images/gallery/54_M.jpg

This image was taken by the This image was taken by the Landsat satellite. It is a view Landsat satellite. It is a view of Mount St. Helens, after its of Mount St. Helens, after its eruption in 1980.eruption in 1980.

1)Name 1 similarity between Name 1 similarity between this Landsat image and a this Landsat image and a topographic map.topographic map.

2)Name 1 difference between Name 1 difference between this Landsat image and a map this Landsat image and a map of your choice.of your choice.

3)What do you think the What do you think the white area in the center of white area in the center of the picture represents?the picture represents?

► Maps must, by necessity, be smaller than the area they represent.Maps must, by necessity, be smaller than the area they represent.► A map’s scale is a ratio of the distance on the map as it compares A map’s scale is a ratio of the distance on the map as it compares

to the actual distance that the map is representing.to the actual distance that the map is representing.► An example of one such ratio is 1:24,000 (one unit of distance on An example of one such ratio is 1:24,000 (one unit of distance on

the map represents 24,000 of the same units of distance on the the map represents 24,000 of the same units of distance on the Earth).Earth).

► Other examples of map scale might be: 1 inch = 1 mile or 1 inch Other examples of map scale might be: 1 inch = 1 mile or 1 inch = 2,000 feet. = 2,000 feet.

1:24,0001:24,000

1 inch = 50 1 inch = 50 milesmiles1 inch = 70 km

1 inch = 70 km

1 cm = 15 km

1 cm = 15 km

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!►A map’s scale is 1 inch = 75 miles. The A map’s scale is 1 inch = 75 miles. The

distance between Town A and Town D is distance between Town A and Town D is 3.5 inches. How far would one have to 3.5 inches. How far would one have to drive to travel between the two?drive to travel between the two?

►A map’s scale is 2 cm = 15 km. The A map’s scale is 2 cm = 15 km. The distance between Elephant City and distance between Elephant City and Giraffe National Park is 8.75 cm. What is Giraffe National Park is 8.75 cm. What is the actual distance between these two the actual distance between these two locations?locations?

According to http://www.usgs.gov/aboutusgs/According to http://www.usgs.gov/aboutusgs/

The Mission of the USGS is that it “serves the Nation by providing reliable scientific information to describe and understand the Earth; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect our quality of life.”

The Vision of the USGS is that it “has become a world leader in the natural sciences thanks to our scientific excellence and responsiveness to society's needs.”

This governmental department supports the study of: Biology, Geology, Geography, Water, and Geospatial Data.

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!Go to: www.usgs.gov. Find the box Go to: www.usgs.gov. Find the box

titled “Science Topics.” Choose three of titled “Science Topics.” Choose three of the topics and:the topics and:

1.1.Write the name of the topic.Write the name of the topic.2.2.Browse the topic and write down three Browse the topic and write down three

types of data that the USGS provides types of data that the USGS provides for each.for each.

3.3.Click on the “Education” tab. Name 1 Click on the “Education” tab. Name 1 resources that is available to secondary resources that is available to secondary schools.schools.

ViewViewMaps provide us with a view of our world that is

different than the one we see every day.They condense features down into a manageable size.

How much easier is it to imagine yourself hiking into the Grand Canyon when you look at a map than when you look at this image?

Different perspectives can be gained through use of both topographic and aerial ‘views.’

Let’s Let’s PracticePractice

!!Compare and contrast Image A with Image Compare and contrast Image A with Image

B: B: 1)1) What do you think the image shows?What do you think the image shows?2)2) What type of image might each be? What type of image might each be?

(Hint: None are still photos).(Hint: None are still photos).Image A Image

B

(Image sources given in notes.)(Image sources given in notes.)

WatershedWatershed(1)(1)The entire geographic region supplying The entire geographic region supplying

water to a drainage basin, river, or lake.water to a drainage basin, river, or lake.(2)(2)An area of land that drains naturally An area of land that drains naturally

into a stream or other waterway. into a stream or other waterway. (3)(3)Water usage issues affect:Water usage issues affect:

(1)(1) Daily lives & associated Daily lives & associated activitiesactivities(1)(1) Agriculture productionAgriculture production(2)(2) BiodiversityBiodiversity

Image of Central Valley Watershed Monitoring Stations taken from: http://www.sanjoaquinmonitoring.org/lookup26.php?station=CRS,MST,NEW,OBB,SJRDO-013,SJS,STC507,USFWS023&print=true

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!1) Go to www.google.com. Type: Fresno AND “freshwater sources” into the search. What are two sources of freshwater?2) Look at this image. The white region is the snow-covered Sierra Nevada Mountains. The green is the Central Valley. The blue is…?3) The brown on the right is the eastern edge of California and western Nevada. Why do you think the Central Valley remains green while this area is brown? (Remember: they both have snowy mountains nearby.).

Image taken from: www.eosnap.com/public/media/2009/03/usa/20090310-california-full.jpg

eeXXtra credit! tra credit!

Image taken from: http://www.theodora.com/maps/Image taken from: http://www.theodora.com/maps/new4/world_color.gifnew4/world_color.gif

You are almost done!You are almost done!

Go exploring this awesome website… Image taken from: www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/mapreading/1.shtml

► To increase or decrease the detail of a portion To increase or decrease the detail of a portion of a geographic data setof a geographic data set

► This is a feature of online maps. This is a feature of online maps. ►Many times the mouse looks like a magnifying Many times the mouse looks like a magnifying

glass when you have an option to ‘Zoom.’glass when you have an option to ‘Zoom.’

► Central Intelligence Agency. (2009). Central Intelligence Agency. (2009). The world factbook.The world factbook. Retrieved on December 2, 2009, from Retrieved on December 2, 2009, from https://www.cia.gov/library/ publications/the-world-factbook/. https://www.cia.gov/library/ publications/the-world-factbook/.

► Enchanted learning. (2009). Enchanted learning. (2009). World geography.World geography. Retrieved on Retrieved on November 29, November 29, 2009, from 2009, from http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/.

► Ordinance Survey. (2009). Ordinance Survey. (2009). Ordinance survey glossaryOrdinance survey glossary. Retrieved . Retrieved on November 30, 2009, from http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/ on November 30, 2009, from http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/ oswebsite/aboutus/reports/misc/glossary.html. oswebsite/aboutus/reports/misc/glossary.html.

► U.S. Geological Survey. (2009). U.S. Geological Survey. (2009). Our mission and visionOur mission and vision. Retrieved . Retrieved on November 25, 2009, from http://www.usgs.gov/aboutusgs/. on November 25, 2009, from http://www.usgs.gov/aboutusgs/.