Knowledge Session on Technical Advancement in RE (Solar ......2019/01/03 · Control & Automation...

Control & Automation

Knowledge Session on Technical

Advancement in RE (Solar)

Interfacing Inverters


Agenda

Need for interactive PV inverter

Capabilities of interactive Inverters

Selection criteria, features

Overview – L&T Electrical & Automation

Standards for connectivity of solar generating units to grid.

Summary


• Professionally managed company

• Established reputation for strong customer support

• Track record of success in projects for Infrastructure &

Power

• Committed towards corporate social responsibility,

environment protection and implementation of safety

measures

• USD 16 BnTurnover (FY16)

• 65,000 + No. of employees

• USD 20.6 BnMarket Cap

• AAA/ Stable (CRISIL/ ICRA)Credit Rating

• FIs & PublicOwnership

• Founded in 1938 by two Danish engineers - H. Holck-Larsen & S. K. Toubro

• India’s premier engineering, construction, manufacturing and technology company

FinanceEngineering &

ConstructionElectrical & Automation

Machinery &

Industrial Products

IT & Engineering

Services

SELECT BUSINESSES

Minerals & Metals

*Assuming a USD/INR exchange rate of 64

L&T - At a Glance


Business Segments

Metering & Protection Systems (MPS) Control & Automation Systems (C&A)

Electrical Standard Products (ESP) Electrical Systems & Equipments(ESE)

• Market leaders in

LV systems

• Comprehensive

product range

• Factories in five

countries

• Market leaders in LV

Switchgear

• Comprehensive

product range

compatible with

European standards

• ASTA certified

products

• Leading System

Integration and E&I

EPC Solutions

Provider

• SCADA, Drives,

Telecom, Process &

Building Automation

Electrical systems

• Leading manufacturer

of static energy

meters.

• Market leader in high

end Tri-vector meters.

• In-house products for

pre-paid metering and

AMR

Products Projects


Powai Ahmednagar Coimbatore Mysore Navi Mumbai

Jebel Ali, UAE Dammam, KSA Kuwait

UK Malaysia Indonesia Australia

Facilities Worldwide


Domain knowledge across industries Strategic alliance with major OEM’s Nation-wide sales & services network

World’s 3rd Largest System Integrator

Company

Project management experience of

25+ years

Single point responsibility to deliver

engineered solution

Control & Automation , a business Unit of Larsen & Toubro, is India’s leading system integrator in the Electrical & Automation

Sector. It operates in the Infrastructure, Minerals & Metals, Oil & Gas , & Power Generation industries, providing Integrated Electrical &

Automation solutions and services. It assumes single point responsibility to delivery completed engineered solutions to meet customer

utmost satisfaction


• Shop Area – 25000 Sq.ft.

• Capacity – 200 std. cabinets

(800W x 800D x 2200H)

• Testing load up to 90 kW

• Typical cycle time (Drawings to

Delivery) – 6-8 weeks

• Zero Accidents History

• 5S Certification

• ISO 9001 - 2008

• ISO 14001

• OHSAS 18001

• ISO/IEC 27001:2005

• BEE 4* Rating

• LEED Gold Certification

• TUV – Function Safety

Management

Integration Facility at Navi Mumbai

• Engineers from reputed

collages across India

• Resources with domain

knowledge

• Engineering tools :

o E-TAP - Elect. Engineering

o MagiCAD – MEP Design

o EPLAN – Elect. Schematics

o Pro-E – Design & Modeling

• PMP Certified Project

managers

• Project team of more than

100 engineers

• Dedicated procurement

team

Infrastructure Engineering CertificationProject Management


Agenda






Summary


AC Drives vs. PV Inverters


• Increased Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) on gridinfrastructure leading to possible grid destabilization.

• Utilities are realizing that PV inverters have the capabilityof supporting the grid and helping it stabilize.

• Conventional PV Inverters (Utility interactive Inverters)Generates Real power and provides fundamental protectivefunctions.

Why are Grid Support Functions required ?


Contribution to Stability During Transients• Widening of the trigger thresholds (introducing double thresholds) for Frequency & Voltage • Dynamic reduction of grid-injected power• LVRT• Adjustable Ramp-rate

Support to Grid Services• Support to grid voltage adjustment • Support to reactive power exchange

New Approach to Distributed Generator


Agenda






Summary


Advance Inverter’s grid connection capabilities


Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverter Requirements


Agenda






Summary


What to Consider When Selecting a Grid Tie Inverter

Weather Proof Enclosure – For outdoor operations protection against foreign objectsand water.AC/DC Disconnects – Built in AC/DC disconnects for safety and could have an overcurrent protection feature.Ground Fault Protection – Ground fault protection built into the inverter.Wide Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) range – Tracking the peak power point ofa solar panel array is important to maximizing your energy harvest. Built in advanceMPPT technology.Transformer less inverters – They are more efficient, lighter and cheaper than those withhigh or low frequency transformers.Quiescent Power – Very low, 1% of rated power.High Peak and CEC(California Energy Commission)Weighted Efficiency – Stands within good efficiency levels.Reactive Power – If the utility is asking for reactive power, pick an inverter that canprovide that without sacrificing as much real power output to maximize your profit.Reactive Power Compensation at night – Inverter OEMs should offer Reactive PowerCompensation at night as an option


Inverter with Suitable Standards –i. CE Compliance, IP54, IP44ii. EMC 61000-6-2 ,iii. IEC 62109-1, IEC 62109-2iv. Harmonics 61000-3-4, 61000-3-12v. EN61000-4-2, EN61000-4-4, EN61000-4-5

Inverter Monitoring Systems –i. Real time Monitoringii. Data update every 15 min.iii. Plant Schemeiv. Graphs in Real Timev. Remote Controlvi. Alarm remote monitoringvii. Remote Assistanceviii. Strings Supervision – Antitheftix. Easy integration in any third party SCADA viaa) Modbus/RTUb) Modbus over TCP/IP

Weather Monitoring –i. Continuous real time acquisition of weather parametersii. High capacity of historical data storageiii. Monitor -Solar Irradiation, Module temperature, Environmental temperature, wind speed and wind direction.iv. Data logger with MODBUS RTU/TCP interfacev. Protection against EMC disturbance.

What to Consider When Selecting a Grid Tie Inverter


Grid Support functions

ON – Default • Voltage & Frequency trip setting• Voltage & Frequency Ride- through capabilities• Soft Start Ramp-rate

OFF – Default, ON until Utility requires it• Specific Power factor• Volt-VAR function (W or VAR Priority)• Frequency-Watt


Agenda






Summary


Voltage/Frequency Trip Settings

Thresholds can be modified on site or remotely


FREQUENCY

L&T COMMENTS1. Timings for disconnection and re-connection w.r.t threshold limits may be mentioned. (Trip on 47.5/52Hz after how many milli secs, reconnect on what frequencies after how many secs?)

A supporting graph will be helpful.

1. The generating unit shall disconnect itself from the electricity grid system within 0.1 second when the frequency value at the PCC is not in the range of 47.5 to 52Hz 2. After the generating unit disconnects itself from electricity grid due to non-rated range of frequency, it shall delay the connection back to the electricity grid system for atleast 20 sec to 5 min when the electricity grid system returns to normal.

2. Acceptable rate of change of change of frequency limit, provided frequency is within operating range may be mentioned

The generating unit shall remain connected to the electricity grid system during rate of change of frequency of values up to and including 1.5 Hz per second, provided the network frequency is still within the minimum operating range


Voltage Ride Through


LVRTL&T COMMENTS

1. Operating voltage range around the nominal voltage for the generating unit may be specified.

The generating unit shall be designed to be capable of operating within the voltage range of ±10% around the nominal voltage

2. Time period for disconnection and to resume normal production after conditions have reverted to normal may be specified.

1. The generating unit shall disconnect itself from the electricity grid system when the voltage at the PCC is in the range specified as under -V=20% - 300ms and V=85% - 2000mS2. After the generating unit disconnects itself from electricity grid due to non-rated range of voltage, it shall delay the connection back to the electricity grid system for atleast 20 sec to 5 min when the electricity grid system returns to normal

3. Requirements (control characteristics) for reactive power support may be clearly specified as shown in the graph

During the voltage dip, it must be allowed to stop the active power inorder to maximise the supply of reactive current

4. It must be made clear if LVRT curve applies to all types of faults (symmetrical and asymmetrical i.e. one-, two- or three-phase faults) and the bold line represents the minimum voltage of all the phases ?5. During fault sequence if voltage reverts to normal range, should subsequent voltage drops/successive fault sequences be considered as new fault condition ?

All the fault sequences to be managed in the same way.


HVRT

L&T COMMENTS

1. Overvoltage (pu) and duration time for disconnection.Graphical representation as

1. The generating unit shall disconnect itself from the electricity grid system when the voltage at the PCC is in the range specified as under -90%<=V<=110% - continuous working voltage110%<V<120% - 2 secV>=120% - 1 sec

2. It must be made clear to provide maximum voltage support by absorbing a controlled amount of reactive current so as to help to stabilise the voltage within the design capability.


Frequency Drop / Frequency Watt Control


FREQUENCY RESPONSE

1. Power -Frequency response curve with dead band, droop may be shared as shown

2. Max AC active power capacity must be re-phrased as "max AC active capacity - for a given irradiance".

3. How fast is the frequency deviation change of 0.3Hz?


Volt-Var Settings


Volt – Var Function Control Case


Requirements for Reactive Power Support


VOLTAGE REGULATION

1. Requirement may be represented by graph for better clarity as shown.

2. How the droop characteristic will be determined? In this context, droop is the voltage change (p.u.) caused by a change in reactive power (p.u.).

3. It's important to specify the required capability PQ for the inverter


REACTIVE POWER

L&T COMMENTS

1. Graph for reactive power requirements and voltage control range to be provided as shown

2. It must be clarified if the generating units shall be designed with the capability to operate in a voltage (V), power factor or reactive power (Q or Mvar) control modes.

The generating units shall be designed to supply rated power (MW) for power factors ranging between 0.95 lagging and 0.95 leading, available from 20% of rated power, measured at the POC.


Power Factor Function Control Case


OTHERS

L&T COMMENTS

Anti- Islanding It may be clarified in the regulations the detection of islanded operation in all system configurations and capability to shut down generation of power in such condition within defined time period

It will be good to refer to existing ones like i.e. IEEE1547 or IEC 62116


Short Circuit Time–Current Mask

Transformer Short Circuit Voltage: 6%Transformer losses: 1%

Short Circuit at DC side has no impact on AC side. Inverter will STOP in few ms.


Close loop Automation: Grid Stabilization


Agenda






Summary

• Need for common Grid code for India. • Plants to be grouped into different categories depending on its rated

power and, the nominal voltage at the POC. (setting requirements according to the category)

• Procedures (Acceptance criteria) to be followed in carrying out testing to verify compliance with the Code must be laid down

• Common certification standards complying to Indian Grid code to be adopted by all OEMs

• Appropriate parameter settings of inverter in agreement with Grid operator relevant to the existing grid condition must be ensured

• Provision of storage capacity of atleast 10% of installed capacity for plants >50MW to be elaborated.

• Provision of Data and Electrical Dynamic Simulation Models


Summary

THANK YOU


Knowledge Session on Technical Advancement in RE (Solar ......2019/01/03 · Control & Automation...

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Transcript of Knowledge Session on Technical Advancement in RE (Solar ......2019/01/03 · Control & Automation...