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Acetylene and oxygen – the classic
combination
Gases for the chemical industry
Flame processes
Acetylene as a valuable
synthesis component
Well regeneration with CO2
More efficient,less pollution
Anniversary
Linde’s first decadein Leuna
Magazine for Customers and Business Associates
Linde AG Linde Gas Division
No. 2/2001
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EditorialFocused expertiseLinde is a powerful partner in on-sitesupply of gases 3
Cover Acetylene and oxygen – the classiccombination
Approved uses of gases in flame
processes 4
ApplicationIncreasing output from water wellsEnvironmentally friendly well cleaning
with carbon dioxide 8
Update Acetylene deliveredto your doorstep
Acetylene as feedstock forchemical synthesis 10
News & Trends 11
Publisher 16
Linde Events 16
Carbon dioxide –
the clean alternative
New process for well cleaningfeatures several advantages
Acetylene for specialty
chemicals production
Availability of dedicatedsupply concepts
10 years of Linde in Leuna
Now our largest gasesproduction center
worldwide
8
12
4Proven flame processes
Acetylene & Co. stillindispensable in
metalworking
10
In this issue
Cover:Multi-flame oxyacetylene torch
with water cooling jacket usedfor flame straightening in ship-building.
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The on-site supply of gases to high-tonnage users is made by
pipeline from production units located close to the customer's
premises. For over ten years running we have marked up
double-digit growth rates in on-site
business with oxygen, nitrogen and
hydrogen. Prospects for this con-
tinuing at a high level are excellent.
Many gases users invested in production plants of their own
in the past, but most of them now leave this part of the pro-
cess to the specialists. And they are well advised to do so. As
a specialized supplier of industrial gases, we are able to achievesynergies. This means that we can often serve several large-
volume users and the regional market as well from a strategic-
ally located plant. Coupled with our vast experience from a
multitude of such facilities worldwide, this allows us to mini-
mize costs besides maximizing production availability and
reliability.
As a means of augmenting our strengths in future,the two previously separate businesses of
Linde AG, Industrial Gases and Engineering
& Contracting, were recently integrated into
a single business segment. This will make
possible further optimization of the entire
on-site process chain from development and
standardization through marketing and con-
struction to operation and maintenance of theplants. It is this kind of added value for customers that
shores up our leading position in on-site gases business.
3Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
On-site supply:
Focused expertise
Editorial
“Customers stand to
profit heavily from the
amalgamation of Linde's
know-how in the areas
of industrial gases and
plant engineering, pooling
unique expertise in the
gases business in fields
such as hydrogen supply.”
Dr. Rainer Schlicher,
head of On-Site Business Unit
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4 Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
Proven flame processesCover
Franz-Clemens Plebuch and Johann Stocker*
Acetylene and oxygen –
the classic combination Advantageous steel cutting
Flame cutting is used with preference
on non-alloyed and low-alloy steelplate in thicknesses from 3 to 300 mm
using standard torches and from300 to 2000 mm using high-perfor-
mance torches. It produces cuts of excellent quality and is optimal interms of economy. Actual cutting isaccomplished by a high-pressurejet of pure oxygen after first heatingthe material to ignition temperature(between 1150 and 1350
oC depend-
As before, flame processes – and
particularly those working with
the gases acetylene and oxygen
– play an indispensable part in
the metalworking industry. The
scope of such processes includes
gas welding, flame cutting, flame brazing, flame heating, flame
straightening, flame cleaning and
flame spraying. Linde’s range of
products for these processes
covers combustion and fuel gases,
gas supply systems, torch equip-
ment and safety concepts.
The present article takes a closer
look at the flame processes of
cutting, heating and straighten-
ing using standard and special
torches.
Comprehensive
acetylene supply
concept
Facilities designed to supply acety-lene at individually required pres-sure and flow rates are essential forflame process applications.
Linde has a matching acetylenesupply concept for every flameprocess: from single cylinders forsmall-volume users through coupled
cylinders or cylinder batteries tobulk supply by trailer truck.This enables gas supply to beoptimized – in technical andeconomic terms – for customers’every requirement. An exten-sive range of Linde-developedperipheral equipment, valvesand fittings continuously up-graded to comply with thelatest safety regulations and
EU Directives is also available.
Typical acetylene
supply setup with
bulk trailer and pres-
sure regulating sta-
tion (LINDOMATIK ®
)
at customer’s site.
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“Acetylene is the very
heart of gas flame
processes.”
Franz-Clemens Plebuch
(photo) and Johann Stocker,
both Market Development/
Manufacturing Industry
*With contributions by
Heiner Jansen, Hamburg,
and Bernhard Volz, Unter-
schleissheim
5Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
ing on the type of steel) with ahigh-energy oxygen/fuel gas flame.Intensity of the preheat flame must
be matched to the desired cuttingspeed by appropriate design of thecutting torch tip.
Services to enhance economics
Economy in cutting steel plate by gas torch is governed by designand quality of the torch tip, whichmust allow maximum speed of cutting, and above all by correctselection of the fuel gas (e.g. acety-lene, ethene or propane). Amongother important aspects requiringattention are gas supply pressures,cutting tip spacing, starting cut po-sition and the sequence of operations
in hole cutting. Together with thegases and the equipment and tech-nology, Linde provides an extensive
range of services to support custom-ers both by assistance in setting theprocess parameters and by detailedprofitability assessments.
continued on page 6
Flame cutting at the
lift truck works of
Still in Hamburg,
Germany: Use of
multiple cutting
torches helps to
lower the unit cost.
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6 Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
continued from page 5
As an example we produce individ-ual cost analyses for user companiesbased on thickness of material tobe cut, cost rates involved and ratioof internal working to finishedproduct.
Well trained personnel being anadditional factor in economic flamecutting, we have included on-siteoperator training in the range of service available to customers.
Growing interest in flame
heating and flame straightening
Application of flame heating pro-cesses is on the rise. There is in-
creasing need for heat treatment of high-tensile steels preliminary and/or subsequent to flame cutting and
welding operations. Drying platesbefore they are stamped with iden-tification markings, blast cleaned or
welded is a typical flame processapplication, as is local heating of material for hot-work bending andnecking.
Acetylene’s well known advantages
of maximum flame temperatureand primary flame intensity as wellas low oxygen consumption, makeit the ideal gas for flame heatingapplications. Mechanized preheating
is preferably carried out with anacetylene and compressed air flame.
Flame straightening is employed by almost every metalworking company
to correct distortion of weldedassemblies or warping of semiprod-ucts and processed parts. Heatingto straightening temperature whilecontrolling expansion of the materialcauses it to contract when the heat
is removed, resulting in economicalstraightening of the part withoutimposing undue stress on the ma-terial. Here again, the oxyacetyleneflame proves advantageous by reason of its quick heat input andflexibility.
LINDOFLAMM®
– the right torch
for every application
Special-design torches are adopted
in flame processes such as heating,straightening and brazing when theperformance of standard types isinadequate, the workpiece neces-sitates a special design of torch or
ODORO X ® – O x ygen
wi th buil t-in sa fe t y
The ris ks of wor king wi t h o x ygen are
compo unded b y i t being an odor less
gas. W hen we lding or perf orming
o t her opera tions wi t h o x ygen s uc h as
brazing, f lame hea ting, f lame s traig h t-
ening, f lame c u t ting, e tc., acc um u la-
tion of o x ygen in concen tra tions t ha t
wi l l promo te igni tion ma y acc um u la te
unno ticed in conf ined spaces d ue to
lea kage or improper wor king, ca using
a hazard to persons and proper t y.
O DO R O X ®
is a ne w de ve lopmen t b y
Linde to ma ke hand ling and wor king
wi t h o x ygen saf er. T he inno va tion con-
sis ts in adding a sma l l amo un t (10 ppm )
of dime t h y l s u lf ide ( DMS ), a s u bs tance
t ha t has a percep ti b le odor, to t he gas.
B y i ts dis tinc ti ve sme l l a lone, no t need-
ing an y kind of ana l yzer or me ter, DMS
q uic k l y and re lia b l y a ler ts t he occ upan ts
of an area to t he presence of an y haz-
ardo us le ve l of o x ygen. Odorized o x y-
gen is de tec ta b le in concen tra tions of
less t han one percen t. O DO R O X ® t h us
signif ican t l y en hances saf e t y in t he
wor kp lace and red uces f ire ris k.
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the distinctive properties of acety-lene as a fuel gas are to be utilizedto the full.
Linde has a separate department toadvise and support customers insolving flame process problemsthrough demonstrations, pilot testsand production of special torchesprecisely tailored to the job in hand.Development work in regard to
safety and functionality is ongoing,the trend clearly pointing in thedirection of mechanization andautomation. ❏
7Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
Versatility demon-
strated: Flame heat-
ing using special
burners working with
acetylene and com-
pressed air prior to
heat shrinking of
sleeves at WMP,
Wismar, Germany.
Heating wedge-
shaped sections
with LINDOFLAMM®
oxyacetylene
torches in flame
straightening of
heavy-gauge plate
for papermaking
machinery.
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Environmentally friendly well cleaning with CO2
Increasing output from
water wellsRoland Jüttner
Application
“Try us and our CO2cleaning
process to lastingly improve
well capacity.”
Roland Jüttner, Nuremberg Sales
Center, Applications
8 Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
Injection of CO2
The novelty of the process forGerman clients consists in the CO2
cleaning agent being injected intothe well through a lance after firstsealing off the top of the well. First,
CO2 gas is introduced to displace water from the casing and filter gravel
pack to the extent possible. Then
cryogenic liquid CO2 is injected. After waiting several hours for the freez-ing and evaporation action to takeplace, liquid CO2 is reinjected at vari-ous depths of the well.
O ver time, the flow from wellsdeveloped to extract drinking
water may decline. Frequentand common use is made of mech-anical and/or chemical methods toclean and regenerate the wells inorder to combat loss of production
and restore their capacity.
There is however an alternative tothese methods. In the summer of 2000, liquid carbon dioxide (CO2)
was successfully applied for the firsttime as a well regenerant in Germany.
Because output from two wellsoperated by EWAG (Energie- und
Wasserversorgung AG) in Nuremberg
had deteriorated during recent years despite regular mechanical
cleaning, the utility company accepted the offer of Linde Gas to
have them cleaned with CO2. Thecore of this treatment process is toeliminate deposits of difficultysoluble iron and manganese com-pounds resulting from chemicaland/or biological reactions in the
well itself and the immediate intakearea by the specific properties of carbon dioxide.
The project was undertaken incooperation with our Dutch sub-sidiary Hoek Loos, which hassuccessfully been engaged in thistype of well rehabilitation in otherEuropean countries for several years.
Distinct benefits
CO2 regeneration carried out by Linde Gas at EWAG resulted in sig-nificant improvement of the wells’capacity. By comparison with othertreatment processes such as chem-ical regeneration with hydrochloricacid, water flow from the wells wasincreased at a higher rate. Cleaningaction also penetrates to greaterdepths than comparable chemical
processes.
CO2has a mainl y
mechanical ac tion
T he c leaning ef f ec t of car bon dio x-
ide in wa ter we l l regenera tion
deri ves large l y f rom t he f o l lo wing
f ac tors and processes:
Mec hanica l de tac hmen t of incr us-
ta tions d ue to t he cr yogenic CO2
in trod uced a t press ure ca using
f reezing of t he h ydra ted wa ter
a t tac hed wi t hin t he incr us ta tion
s tr uc t ures and bo und be t ween
t he f i l ter par tic les and incr us ta-
tions. T he res u l ting e xpansion of
vo l ume leads to t he incr us ta tions
being loosened and f ina l l y sp li t-
ting of f .
T ur b u lence prod uced as a res u l t
of vaporiza tion of t he CO2 s up-
por ts t he mec hanica l ac tion of
f reezing.
Wea k l y acidic na t ure of t he
h ydra ted disso l ved CO2
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9
The diagram tracks
the time-dependent
performance of an
EWAG water well.
As shown at the right
edge, CO2 regenera-
tion restored capacity
in short time to what
it was in 1977.
In sum, the leading benefits of well regeneration by CO2 are:
Greater improvement of well
production than with comparable
chemical treatment processes
(which is also due to deeper pene-
tration of the CO2 into the annu-
lar space and to the casing wall).
Exclusively environmentally com-
patible substances are introduced
into the well (and thus also into
the groundwater).
As a result, no permit is requiredfrom water resources authorities
for application of the process.
The two projects completed for EWAG
and additional contracts received
from well operators in the meantime
are grounds for confidently expec-
ting a sizable new market segment
to emerge for CO2 in this service
sector in the near future.
❏
Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
At the scene of theaction. In the left
foreground is the well
cover together with
the tripod and CO2
lance; right of it the
CO2 liquid/gas mixing
valve. In the back-
ground at the right is
the liquid CO2 tanker
and the supply hoses.
Technicians from
Hoek Loos and Linde
Gas teamed up for this
project in the summer
of 2000.
S p e c i f i c c a p a c i t y ( l / s m )
CO2regenera tion
Time
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10
Acetylene delivered
to your doorstep
Acetylene for chemical synthesisUpdate
Although it has been replacedalmost entirely by ethylene asa precursor in the chemical
industry, acetylene still plays animportant part as a valuable synthe-sis component in the manufactureof specialty and fine chemicals. This
is due to its high but well control-lable reactivity. Acetylene is a sub-stance that makes possible a wholenumber of reactions in organicchemistry.
Utilization of this broad potential inorganic chemical synthesis gainsacetylene industrial application forexample in the manufacture of vita-mins, fragrances, fluxes for the con-struction industry, and antifoam and
wetting agents.
Letting you concentrate on your
core business
Frequently the quantities of acety-lene required for chemical synthesisin the specialty chemicals sectorare too small to justify the expenseof producing the gas on site. When-ever this is the case, the volumeneeded can be obtained by delivery in cylinders, cylinder batteries or bulk
trailers from an external supplier.This brings up the problem of thetypical impurities present in “normal”acetylene, originating from its method
of production and the type of absorbent contained in the cylin-ders. Linde offers several options
in these respects, enabling thenecessary purity of the acety-lene to be matched exactly to
the particular synthesis
process and product by appropri-ate selection and combination.This is another part of the job thatis preferably left to an experiencedgases supplier. Acetylene users inindustry are better served by con-centrating on their core competen-
cies and business.
Customized supply
Once a prospective customer electsto outsource delivery of acetyleneto Linde, we undertake thoroughanalysis of their requirements toestablish the parameters, above allthe usage volume, the specifiedpurity and reliability of supply. Thisenables us to map out an individual
concept that also takes all industrialsafety requirements into account.Then we proceed with customizedplanning, production and installation
of the necessary facilities on site,the key item of which is a pressureregulating station. Actual supply of the gas is made in exchangeable,returnable containers, for examplebulk tanker trailers. (See also box,page 4)
Dr. Bernhard Schreiner
“As specialists in industrial
gases, we are your partner of
choice also in customized
supply of acetylene.”
Dr. Bernhard Schreiner,
Market Development/
Chemical Industry
Production, filling, transporting andreadying of acetylene in on-sitesupply systems is a line of work that
we have handled professionally for
several decades. The same is true of the various applications for this gasin flame processes. With this back-ground of comprehensive experience
and proven expertise, Linde qualifiesas the industry’s partner of choice
when it comes to chemical synthesis.❏
Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
Extensive demand
exists throughout the
chemical industry for
acetylene with a spe-
cial purity as a synthe-
sis component.
Photograph courtesy
Bayer AG
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Results of the project impressively confirm that there should now be norestrictions on application of TIG/MIG
welding to join the advantageous
light weight structural materialmagnesium in volume productionoperations, e.g. in the automotiveindustry.
11
Green light forquantity production
Linde Gas was involved in oneof the subprojects covered by the MADICA program sponsored
by the German Ministry of Educationand Research to develop safe pro-duction processes for working andfabrication of magnesium. Our task
was to make the TIG (Tungsten
Inert Gas) and MIG (Metal InertGas) joining processes industrially available for welding magnesiumdie castings. The results of our inves-
tigations, conducted at our Applica-
tions Engineering Center in Unter-schleissheim near Munich, areexceedingly promising.
Good welding results
Screw fasteners were previously the
state of the art for joining die-castparts of magnesium, a material thathas high potential. Tests conductedby us have however demonstratedTIG welding to be well manageableunder production conditions and toproduce good joints provided thecastings are low in hydrogen. Thisis true also of MIG welding, whereit has been possible to optimize theprocess by using high and short
current pulses.
Process optimization in welding magnesium
A low hydrogen content of the basemetal is definitely essential for good
welding results. To achieve this, Linde
has developed two methods: Eitherthe material is subjected to specialheat treatment (hydrogen-free anneal-ing) prior to welding or the Linde-developed Carboflam
®hydrogen-free
parting agent is substituted for hydro-
carbon-containing types in diecasting.
Weld in die-cast magnesium
before (a) and after (b) heat treat-
ing the work. Porosity resulting
from the high hydrogen content
without prior heat treatment does
not occur in (b).
Photomicrograph showing the
high quality of an argon TIG weldon a die-cast magnesium sample.
Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
a
b
Quite a bit of magnesium goes into
the production of modern cars such
as Volkswagen’s energy-savingLupo 3L TDI subcompact.
Photograph courtesy Volkswagen AG
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12 Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
Anniversary: 10 years of Linde Gas in Leuna
Linde followedGerman reunification
There is no question that theLeuna site in the state of Saxony-
Anhalt has become the focusof our successful commitment ingases business in the eastern partof Germany following the country’sreunification in 1990. Linde wasquick to initiate talks in March 1990
with the then “VEB Leuna-Werke”on cooperation in the field of indus-trial gases. In December of that year,the negotiations led to a contractbeing signed for construction of modern production facilities at thetraditional location in Leuna.
12
Work there finally got underway in1991 – exactly ten years ago – withtakeover of the existing air separa-tion plants and building of a new one.
Part of a vast “Chemical Delta”
During the first three and a half years, we also installed a specialty gases center, a filling plant, acety-lene plant, a repair shop and a distri-bution center for customers in east-
ern Germany.
After that, things really startedmoving. In 1994 Linde took chargeof complete hydrogen supply tothe chemical plants and refineriesgrouped around Leuna from thenew steam reformer completed that
year. Also in 1994, we contracted tosupply gases to the chemical indus-try park at Bitterfeld and acquiredthe pipelines linking Leuna and
Bitterfeld. Since 1996 Linde has beenoperating an air separation plantinstalled at Dow Chemical inSchkopau to supply this subsidiary of the U.S. chemical concern withatmospheric gases. By doing so,reliability of the supply base washeightened for the Leuna andSchkopau sites, similarly linked by pipeline, and beyond that for theProminent visitors on opening day of our new
Leuna Gases Center in September 1994:
State governor of Saxony-Anhalt,
Dr. Reinhard Höppner (second from left),and Leuna mayor Dr. Dietlind Hagenau in
conversation with Dr. Hans Meinhardt, then
chairman of the Executive Board of Linde AG
(right), and Dr. Gunnar Eggendorfer, then
member of the Executive Board of Linde
AG (left).
Hydrogen for
Radici Chimica
In August 2001 Linde concluded a long-
term supply contract with the Italian
chemicals group Radici Chimica of
Bergamo valued at a total of roughly
80 million euro. Under the terms of
the agreement, Linde will deliver up
to 6,000 Nm3/h of hydrogen as well as
nitrogen and compressed air via pipe-line from Leuna to Radici Chimica’s
new plant at Zeitz over 30 kilometres
due south.
In connection with this project Lindeis spending about 40 million euro onfurther expansion of gases supply inthe east German “Chemical Delta”between Leuna, Böhlen and Bitterfeld.The fourth hydrogen plant is currently under construction at Leuna, due tobe ready for operation by the end of 2002. This will bring our total hydro-gen production capacity in the Leunaarea to 140,000 Nm3/h.
At the same time we are extendingthe supply pipeline from Leuna tohook up the chemical industry site atZeitz.
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Significantly longerfuel storage due to
“refrigerator effect”“Evaporation losses after a relatively short time.” That was hitherto thesobering verdict on liquid hydrogen(LH2) stored in cryogenic tanks.Not any longer. An innovation intro-duced by Linde enables these vehi-
cles to stand idle four times longer without any of the liquid hydrogen
(LH2) in the tank being lost. If the vehicle is operated normally, lossesare eliminated almost entirely.
An insulated LH2 fuel tank largely prevents heat leakage into its con-tents (liquid hydrogen at a tempera-ture of -253
oC) rather like a vacuum
bottle keeps cold beverages cold. Intime, however, the contents warm upsufficiently to cause pressure to risein the tank. If the vehicle stands idlefor an extended period, this pressure
rise will reach a critical level afterabout three days, resulting in boil-off
or evaporation of the hydrogen.
Efficient cooling system
Fuel losses due to such boil-off can now be effectively minimized.
With a special cooling systemdeveloped by Linde, the time the
vehicle can remain parked andidle before boil-off occurs isextended to more than 12 days.The system works as follows: LH2
first needs to be vaporized in aheat exchanger before it is fed to
the engine. This is accomplishedby a flow of ambient air, whichitself is dried and cooled sufficiently
Liquid hydrogen vehicles
Leuna-Buna-Bitterfeld “ChemicalIndustry Delta”. Another high-capacity hydrogen plant was builtin 1997 for the MIDER oil refinery in Leuna’s neighboring community of Spergau.
Not forgetting rehabilitation, modern-ization and expansion of the pipeline
grid, now totalling 500 kilometres inlength, an efficient logistics base wasestablished for road and rail transport
with a fleet of tanker trucks, trailersand tank cars.
In addition to products such asoxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen,acetylene and others, carbon mon-oxide and carbon dioxide deservemention. Production facilities forthese gases went on stream between1997 and 1998.
Linde Group’s biggest gases
center
To date Linde has invested over500 million euro in Leuna and thesurrounding “Chemical Delta”,creating more than 300 secure jobs.In the space of a few years, whileprevailing over international com-petition to become the foremostproducer and supplier of industrialgases in eastern Germany, we havebuilt up the biggest gases center of
the worldwide Linde Group. Still,this is not the end of the road. Capitalof close to 40 million euro is currently
being invested at this central site infurther expansion (see box, page 12).
Symbols of our large-
scale commitment in
Leuna: Pipelines
supplying gases tohigh-volume custom-
ers and, colored white
to the right rear, the
Linde hydrogen plant
on the MIDER oil
refinery’s premises.
by the LH2 as to be liquefied. Thislow-temperature liquid air (-191°C)passes through a cooling jacketenclosing the inner tank and actinglike a refrigerator. As a result, unwan-
ted heat input is delayed much longer
and the energy contained in the
liquid hydrogen is utilized effectively rather than being wasted by evapo-ration. The cooling system does not
add to the size of the LH2 tank, as itintegrates within the insulation space
between the inner and outer vessel.
Schematic illustration of the new LH2 fuel
tank cooling system. Liquid air flows through
the auxiliary cooling shield, improving ther-
mal insulation of the inner tank.
Outer Vessel
Shield
Inner Vessel
Heat Exchanger
Air
Dry AirLiquid Air
Hydrogen
13Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
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14 Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
Linde demonstrates
cold gas sprayingLinde was again present in more
ways than one at this year’sInternational Thermal Spraying Con-ference (ITSC), which was held atthe end of May in Singapore, thefirst time an Asian venue had beenchosen. As co-organizers of theannual event we had presenters par-ticipating in the conference properas well as an information stand atthe concurrent exhibition. The lead
International Thermal Spraying Conference 2001
Stepping up oxygensupply for Thyssen-
Krupp steel millSince May 2001, the number of airseparation units (ASU) operated by Linde to supply Thyssen-KruppStahl AG (TKS) with oxygen for itsblast furnaces and steelworks inDuisburg-Ruhrort, Germany, under a
long-term contract has increased tofour. ASU 10, the newest productionunit to be put on stream, on its ownmeets about a third of the customer’sdemand at the site with its capacity of 45,000 Nm3/h of non-pressureoxygen. Three other Linde ASUs built
earlier accommodate the remainingoxygen needs of our largest Germancustomer served by pipeline up toa total of 139,000 Nm3/h.
With the addition of the fourth unit,this is the biggest oxygen productionfacility in Germany altogether. It isused to supply the regional atmos-pheric gases market as well as TKSitself.
theme of our exhibit this year wascold gas spraying.
Supported by our German cooper-ation partner CGT GmbH, we re-ceived numerous interested visitorsto discuss this new thermal sprayingprocess. Embodying the current tech-nological trend, it is characterizedby higher particle velocities coupled
with reduced particle temperaturedue to working without a flame. Theparticle velocity is attained by astream of hot inert gas. The benefits
to users are greater density of coatingand avoidance of material oxidation.
These will be complemented bya number of liquid products andspecialties such as liquid oxygen inLI-PUR
®-grade (6.0).
ASU 10, the latest addition to the air sepa-
ration facilities at the Duisburg site.
Members of Thyssen-Krupp Stahl and
Linde Gas executive and operating manage-
ment gathered for the ceremony marking
dedication of the plant in May 2001.
Staff manning the Linde stand could not
complain of any lack of interest. In the
course of the exhibitions three-day duration
we counted no less than 194 separate talks
with visiting professionals.
Cooperation between TKS (formerly Thyssen) and Linde in air separationat this site has a successful recordgoing back nearly 50 years. In thislong history Linde has installed ten
ASUs in all for the customer. Arrange-
ments for comprehensive supply of atmospheric gases to TKS have beenin effect since 1998.
Apart from oxygen production, the
new ASU 10 is the first plant inGermany equipped to manufacturethe rare gases krypton and xenonin highly concentrated form as anadjunct to our product range.
Dedication of high-tonnage air separation unit in Duisburg
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15Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001
Linde was appointed project leaderfor the test while the gas wasobtained from several suppliers.The purpose of the test is to practicehelium filling of the ultimate CL 160airship. For the constructor Cargo-Lifter, cooperation with Linde as aleading helium specialist has its
value above all because optimizedexchange of helium for air in thehull makes the lift gas filling opera-
World’s record of100.000 m
3helium
A major milestone in developmentof the gargantuan-like CargoLifterCL 160 freight airship to commercialmaturity was passed in July 2001.For the first time the much smallerbut still quite impressive test and
working version of the CL 160, the
spherical CL 75 Aircrane captiveballoon measuring 61 metresacross, was inflated with 100,000cubic metres of the lift gas helium.This was a demonstration on thepart of the German manufacturer of the two aerial vehicles and Lindegas customer, CargoLifter AG, toshow perfect as-planned function-ing of the stratified helium fillingoperation that is a core element of the assembly concept. At the sametime a new world’s record was set.
Never before has an airship or bal-loon been filled with a volume of helium this big.
CL 75 Aircrane transport balloonLinde: Award from AMD
tion appreciably more economicalthan conventional methods. Now that this first test has been com-pleted successfully, loading andunloading of the CL 75 Aircrane,designed to carry a maximum pay-load of 75 tons, is no longer re-
stricted to computer simulationand can be carried out in the field.
Inside the CL 160 airship construction
hangar in Brand near Berlin, Germany, the
Linde helium trailer truck on the right is
dwarfed by the inflated hull of the CL 75 Aircrane “test version”.
Photograph courtesy CargoLifter AG
“World’s best gassupplier”
A few months ago we finally col-lected a distinctive honor bestowedon us last year. As part of its WorldClass Supplier Program, the U.S.semiconductor group AMD (Advanced
Micro Devices Inc.) presented Lindeits Spotlight Award for 2000 withthe citation of “World’s Best Gas
Supplier”. The program entailedassessment by AMD of all companies
supplying gases to its productionplants around the globe during the
year. Criteria considered in the evalu-ation process were technology,quality, cost, flexibility and service.Linde clearly outdistanced its com-petitors above all in flexibility andservice.
Linde serves AMD by supplying
specialty gases to the new Fab 30plant built by the semiconductormaker in Dresden, Germany, forproduction of microprocessors inmodern copper conductor technol-ogy. They include ammonia of 5.5purity for removal of nitrides andsynthetic air of 6.0 purity to purge
wafer steppers.
Literally “hewn in stone”, the Spotlight
Award was handed to Ralph Glinski (left),
head of Specialty Gases Sales Germany,
by Phil Rogers, head of AMD’s World Class
Supplier Team, on a very cordial note in
May 2001.
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April 16-18
SEMICON Europa 200226th International Annual Exhi-bition of Semiconductor Products,Materials and Services in Europe,Munich, Germany
May 13-17
IFAT13th International Environment and
Waste Disposal Trade Fair, Munich,Germany
Below you will find a schedule of meetings and exhibitions during thenext several months. If you findone or the other of interest and canarrange a visit, we will be pleasedto meet you there.
March 4-6
ITSCInternational Thermal Spraying
Conference, Essen, Germany
April 8-12
TubeInternational Tube and Pipe TradeFair, Düsseldorf, Germany
Linde EventsCalendar through Spring 2002
Linde's stand at the last ITSC in Singapore. At the coming ITSC 2002 in Essen, we will
again be focusing on gas applications and
processes related to thermal spraying.
Publisher
Publisher Linde AGLinde Gas DivisionSeitnerstrasse 7082049 HöllriegelskreuthGermany
Editor Dr. Thomas Hagn (th)Phone +49-89-7446-1158
Fax +49-89-7446-1230E-Mail:[email protected]
Website www.lindegas.com
Designed by Becker Grafik Design, Munich
Printed by Thümmes,Bad Soden-Salmünster
Circulation 25.000 (5.000 copies Englishedition included)
Printed on chlorine-free oxygen-bleachedpaper.
Permission for reproducing this publication in
whole or part may be obtained from the editors.
Clean room of a microchip manufacturer.
High-purity industrial gases are required in
the production of microprocessors.
Specialty gases for the semiconductorindustry are accordingly at the center of
our SEMICON 2002 exhibit.
Photograph courtesy AMD
KNOWHOW is also published
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