Kingdoms and Domains

HOW DO WE ORGANIZE LIVING THINGS?• We name all organisms using many names:

• K ingdom Keep• P hylum Ponds• C lass Clean• O rder Or• F amily Froggies• G enus Get• S pecies Sick

• Each level is called a “taxon”

specific

Classifying KingdomsNutrition Heterotrophic

-consumes living or dead organisms to obtain energy

Autotrophic-uses sun’s energy-makes own food

# of cells Unicellular-one cell

Multicellular-more than one cell-many cells

Reproduction Asexual-offspring produced from a single parent (genetically identical to parent)

Sexual-production of offspring from fusion of 2 sex cells (offspring differ from parents)

Classifying KingdomsHabitat -where does the

organism live?

Cell Type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

-circular chromosome (plasmid)-no membrane bound organelles (e.g. no true nucleus)-very small (less than 2 um)-reproduce by binary fission

-double stranded chromosomes in nucleus-membrane bound organelles

-larger (10-100 um)

-reproduce by mitosis or meiosis

SIX KINGDOMS

• Each kingdom hasmany phyla

• Each phylum has many classes

• Each class has manyorders

• Etc.

Archaebacteria

• are ancient bacteria• live in extreme environments• Prokaryotes

• Halophiles (salt marshes),• Acidophiles (acidic environments),• Thermophiles (hot springs)

Eubacteria

• bacteria with a broad habitat range• prokaryotes

Protista

• are mostly single celled• eukaryotes (have nucleus).

• animallike, plantlike with chloroplasts, and fungilike• Examples are paramecium, amoeba, algae.

Fungi

• once classified as plants

• however cell walls composed of chitin (not cellulose)• are heterotrophic (consume)• multicellular

• Examples are mould, yeast, mushrooms.

Plantae

• multicellular autotrophic (produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis) organisms

• Cell walls are composed of cellulose.• Examples are mosses, trees, ferns…

Animalia

• multicellular heterotrophic organisms• no cell wall

• subdivided into invertebrates and vertebrates

Apparently, the primordial cell was a Pac Man ghost???

Domains of Life

Eubacteria ArchaeaProtista Plants

Animals Fungi

DOMAIN: 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukaryotes

KINGDOM: 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaea 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plants 6. Animals

Cell Type: Prokaryotic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic

Your Turn

• Complete Kingdom worksheet from Friday and questions on back