Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia• Cell Number: Multicellular with extensive specialization

• Cell Type: Eukaryotic Animal Cells (no cell wall)

• Food: Heterotrophic – Carnivore (meat), Herbivore (plants), Omnivore (meat and plants), or Detritivore (scavenger)

• Reproduction: Sexual (Eggs or live birth)

• Special Features: Advanced nervous systems means cephalization (faces), brains, and efficient mobility (walk/run/swim/grab)

Animal Organization• Cell Specialization

• Cells are adapted for one job (digestion, transport, etc.)

• Cell Differentiation

• Cells look different from one another (muscle vs. skin cell)

• Body Organization

• Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism

• Heart cell + other heart cells Heart tissue + other heart tissue Heart + veins/arteries Cardiovascular system + other systems Human

Animal Organization (cont’d)• Asymmetry

• no set structure to the organism (draw one)

• Radial symmetry

• Cut in half anywhere (like a pie) and both halves look the same (draw one)

• Bilateral

• Cut in half at one place and both halves look the same (draw one)

Animal Organization (cont’d)

• Anatomy Terms

• Dorsal - Back

• Ventral - Belly

• Anterior - Head

• Posterior – Tail

Animal Classification

• Vertebrates

• Animals with a notochord (backbone)

• Only one phylum- Chordata

• Invertebrates

• Animals with no notochord (backbone)

• Lots of phyla - Most animals are invertebrates

Animal Reproduction

• Sexual with sperm (male) and eggs (female). Sperm + Egg = Zygote Embryo Fetus

• The more advanced the animals, the more complicated sexual reproduction

• Some animals exhibit metamorphosis in their life cycles• Complete metamorphosis – juvenile hatches as a larvae

(ex: tadpole or caterpillar) and then develops into an adult that looks very different (ex: frog or butterfly)

• Incomplete metamorphosis – juvenile hatches as a nymph, which is just a smaller version of the adult

Animal Evolution – first to last• Invertebrates

• Simplest Animals – Porifera (Sponges)• Asymmetrical; aquatic; filter feeders; sessile (do not move as

adults); hermaphroditic (both male and female)

• Nerves Evolve – Cnidaria (Jellyfish and Anemones)• Radial symmetry; aquatic; some sessile, some motile; specialized

tissues for feeding and movement

• Organ systems evolve – Nematoda, Annelida, Platyhelminthes (all Worms)• Bilateral symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial (land); motile; digestive

and simple nervous systems

• Cephalization (faces), Skeletons, and nervous systems evolve - Echinodermata (Starfish and Urchins), Mollusca (Clams, Octopus, Squid), and Arthropoda (Insects, Crabs, and Lobsters)• Bilateral or radial symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial; motile; digestive,

circulatory, and sometimes complex nervous systems; insects are most common animals

Animal Evolution- first to last (cont’d)• Vertebrates

• Backbones and complex brain systems evolve –Chordata (Vertebrates)• Separated into five major classes – Fishes, Amphibia, Reptilia,

Aves (birds), and Mammalia

• Backbone allows for most complex brains; bilateral symmetry; specialized sensory organs (eyes, ears, antennae, etc); highly organized bodies

• Mammals are considered “dominant”; especially humans

Porifera - Sponges

Cnidaria – Jellies and Anemones

Worms (Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, and Annelida)

Echinodermata – Seastars and Urchins

Mollusca – Clams, Snails, Octopuses, & Squid

Arthropoda – insects and crustaceans

Chordata –VertebratesClass 1 - Fish

Class 2 - Amphibia

Class 3 - Reptilia

Class 4 –Aves (birds)

Class 5 - Mammalia

Special Animal Characteristics• Animal Homeostasis

• Ectotherm – Cold blooded (internal temperature changes with environment; lay in sun when cold, seek shade when hot)

• Endotherm – Warm blooded (special adaptations to keep internal temp the same despite the environment; shiver when cold, sweat or pant when hot)

• Cnidarian

• Body Plan• Polyp- attached (draw)

• Medusa- Free floating (draw)

• Special Cell • Nematocyst – stinging cell

Special Animal Characteristics (cont’d)

• Chordata – Fishes• Bony or cartilaginous (sharks)

• Chordata – Mammals• Live birth and mammary glands

• Marsupials – mammals with pouches

• Monotremes – rare mammals that lay eggs