Keynote icdcm Josep Guerrero

Advanced Control Architectures of DC Microgrids

Josep M. Guerrero, Prof. in microgrid, IEEE Fellow

[email protected]

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MicroGrid Research Programme Areas

AC MicroGrids

DC MicroGrids

Modeling

Control & Operation

Energy Storage

Protection

Power Quality

Standard-based ICT

Networked Control

EMS & Optimization

Multi-Agents

MICROGRID RESEARCH PROGRAMME

Every setup is able to emulate a multi-converter low-voltage Microgrid, local and energy management control programmed in dSPACE real-time control platforms.

4444

4

5555

5

8888

8

Kamstrup Omnia scheme in iMGlab

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Load

MainGrid

PV

. . . to Workstation

3-6

Power flow

Load

MainGrid

PV WT

Local distribution network

L

Main

Utility Grid

PCC

Household appliances and electronics

The concept of Microgrids

Grid connectedmode

Islandedmode

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Setup 1Setup 2Setup 3

Setup 5

Setup 6Setup 7EMS/MGCC

• Remote telecom applications• Coupled renewable systems• DC powered homes• Fast HEV charging stations

Basic controlBasic control

Configuration

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AC Low voltage MicroGridcoordinated control:

AC Microgrids:

Bus frequency signaling

DC Microgrids:

Bus voltage signaling

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1717 17

181818 18

Inner loop:

ESS:Voltage Controlled Mode

RES:Current Controlled Mode

Primary loop:

ESS:Bus signaling control

RES:Virtual inertia control

PWMPIPI

Vref

Vdc

VdcIref

VinL

C

PWMPI

Vdc

VdcIref

Vin L

C

PRES

PMPP

Vdc

V*dc Vmeas

DC Bus

ESS Unit

RES Unit

LPFPI

Vsec*

Secondary Coordinated Control

Virtual Inertia Control

d

d

iL

iL

2measV

Vdc

SoC

1SoCdV

Table I.

V*dc

dV

Innerloop control

DVL

Innerloop control

dV

dV

LOA

D1

Relay

Demand Side Control

Table II.

LOA

D3

Relay

ON/OFF

LOA

D2

RelayON/OFF

DVH

LPF

m

n

Co

mm

un

ica

tio

n L

ink

Low SoC Control

Bus-signaling Control

High SoC Control

Demand Side Control

Table II.

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Coordinated control when high

SoC

07-07-2015

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07-07-2015

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Voltage regulator

- Centralized for each dc MG

- Distributed over the MG cluster

- Regulates the voltage inside each MG to the

nominal value when they are not connected.

- Maintains the bus voltages within an

acceptable range when they are connected.

1d iv

LBC

MG

-i b

us

ji

DC source m

+

DC-DC

Primary control j

. . .

. . .iv

miiv

DC source j

+

DC-DC

Power flow controller (DPFC)

MGv

jm

j j

PI controller

iSOC

2d iv

( )iG s

avg

iv

Voltage controller (DVSC)

Proposed distributed control

avg

jv

jSOC

Fro

m n

eig

hb

or

MG

sT

o n

eig

hb

or

MG

s

avg

iv,

iSO

C

ijb

ija

Primary control m

iv

( )iF s

Dynamic consensus protocol

PI controller

SOC estimator

diSOC

Cy

be

r n

etw

ork

Power flow regulator

- Using the distributed voltage regulator

power flow control is achieved.

- Regulates the power flow between dc

MGs when they are connected.

- Power flow is regulated according to

SOC of batteries inside the MGs.

Power flow regulator

- Using the distributed voltage regulator

power flow control is achieved.

- Regulates the power flow between dc

MGs when they are connected.

- Power flow is regulated according to

SOC of batteries inside the MGs.

Distributed Hierarchical Control

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Distributed Hierarchical Control

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DCA based distributed optimization for paralleled DC-DC

Converters

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Converters

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Converters

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DCA based DC MG Modeling

40 1 2 3 5 6 8

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Time (s)

Converter 1~6 Inductor Current

PCC Voltage

Comm Topology 100 ;

0.3;

caT ms

(a) System dynamic under LINE shaped network

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0.08

40 1 2 3 5 6 87

4

51 3

62

2

36

5 4

1 2

36

5 4

1LINERING CROSS FULL

40 1 2 3 5 6

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Time (s)

Comm Topology

(b) System dynamic under RING shaped network

40 1 2 3 5 6

40 1 2 3 5 6

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Time (s)

Comm Topology

(c) System dynamic under CROSS shaped network

40 1 2 3 5 6

40 1 2 3 5 6

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Time (s)

Comm Topology

(d) System dynamic under FULL shaped network

40 1 2 3 5 6

2

36

5 4

1


PCC Voltage


PCC Voltage


PCC Voltage

100 ;

0.29;

caT ms

100 ;

0.22;

caT ms

100 ;

0.17;

caT ms

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Hierarchical Control of DC Microgrids

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Danish

30http://www.residentialvdc.et.aau.dk

http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/se2012/re/ee/eng/faculty/

http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/se2012/re/ee/eng/faculty/

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REbus™ is an open standard for DC electricity distribution.

REbus™ microgrid is a flexible energy network that lets you make and use clean renewable energy for home, business, school, or neighbourhood. (400V)

Comercial DC Microgrid

31 31http://www.residentialvdc.et.aau.dk

07.07.2015Industrial/PhD Microgrids Course, Aalborg

University32

Primary Source Units (PSU)

Load Units (LU) Powerline Communication

• Robust narrowband FSK modulation• Programmable transmission data rate up to 30kbps• Programmable communication frequency from50kHz to 500kHz• Complete Media Access Control (MAC) logic• CSMA/CD type collision detection and resolution• Programmable automatic preamble generation• Programmable automatic packet-prioritymanagement with four levels• Error detection (CRC 16)

REbus™

Comercial DC microgrid

32 32http://www.residentialvdc.et.aau.dk

3333333333

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Phase I: Design, modelling and control. Phase II: Coordination control schemes between microgrid elements, including

communication systems and energy management systems for DC microgrids. Phase III: Creation of two Living Labs as a user-centred research concept, to test

innovation systems and elements that can conform a DC microgrid for differentapplications.

• Home DC Microgrid Living Lab, at AAUto research and test DC distribution for1-2 family houses

• 工业微网设计 Industrial DC Microgrid LivingLab,

At North China Electrical Power University (China),for research, demo and test of energy solutionsfor commercial buildings.

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Industrial DC Microgrid LivingLaboratory, (NCEPU)

Phase I: DC MG Topology Design,

Control, Simulation

Phase II:DC MG Faults Analysis

and Protection

Phase III: Communication for DC

MG

Com

munic

ation n

etw

ork

380 Vdc

48 Vdc

Air conditioner

Ceilingfan

Refrigerators

Electric Vehicles Flywheels

Chargers

Li-on Batteries

To another DC bus

24 Vdc

48 Vdc

Washing machine

Led Lighting

Phase 1. Phase 2.

Phase 3

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EV charging stations

• Nisan Leaf fast recharge profile • (Commercially available

CHAdeMO compatible charger manufactured by ABB):

Fast DC charging• Most attractive from the vehicle

owner • point of view (around 30 minutes to

recharge completely depleted batteries)

• Appropriate for public charging stations

• Distribution grid may experience problems

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4343

Stop charging

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Contact:

Josep M. Guerrero

[email protected]

Keynote icdcm Josep Guerrero

Environment

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