Key players of the phytoplankton communities 5 µm 50 µm 0.5 µm50 µm.
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Transcript of Key players of the phytoplankton communities 5 µm 50 µm 0.5 µm50 µm.
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
5 µm 5 µm
50 µm 50 µm
0.5 µm
50 µm
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
M2
D6
D5D4
D3D2
D1
A5
A1
A11 B11
C11
C1B1
KERFIX
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F
1992 1993 1994 1995
0
2
8
6
4
To
tal
cell
Car
bo
n,
µg
L-1
M2
Kopczynska E.E., Fiala M., and Jeandel C., Annual and interannual variability in phytoplankton at a permanent station off Kerguelen Islands, Southern Ocean, Polar Biology, 20 (5), 342-351, 1998.
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F
1992 1993 1994 1995
0
2
8
6
4
To
tal
cell
Car
bo
n,
µg
L-1
0
20
40
60
80
100A
lgal
gro
up
sas
% o
f to
tal
cell
C
Kopczynska et al., 1998
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F
1992 1993 1994 1995
0
20
40
60
80
100A
lgal
gro
up
sas
% o
f to
tal
cell
C
Diatoms
total Dinoflagellates
naked flagellates
picoplankton
Coccolithophorids
Kopczynska et al., 1998
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F
1992 1993 1994 1995
0
20
40
60
80
100A
lgal
gro
up
sas
% o
f to
tal
cell
C
Diatoms
Kopczynska et al., 1998
• low contribution• dominant species : Fragilariopsis kerguelensis,
Thalassionema nitzschioides
• highest contribution
• dominant species : Prorocentrum spp., Gymnodinium spp., heterotrophic species of Protoperidium spp. and Gyrodinium spp. during summer.
total Dinoflagellates
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F
1992 1993 1994 1995
0
20
40
60
80
100A
lgal
gro
up
sas
% o
f to
tal
cell
C
Kopczynska et al., 1998
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F
1992 1993 1994 1995
0
20
40
60
80
100A
lgal
gro
up
sas
% o
f to
tal
cell
C
naked flagellates
Kopczynska et al., 1998
• low contribution during biomass peaks
• dominant groups : Prymnesiophyceae (Chrysochromulina spp.), Prasinophyceae (Pyramimonas spp.), and Cryptophyceae (Hillea fusiformis)
• occasionally abundant• dominant species :
Coccolithophorids
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F
1992 1993 1994 1995
0
20
40
60
80
100A
lgal
gro
up
sas
% o
f to
tal
cell
C
Emiliania huxleyi
Kopczynska et al., 1998
Surface temperatures (> 2°C) are compatible with Emiliania huxleyi and Fragilariopsis kerguelensis
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
M2
Blain S., Tréguer P., Belviso S., Bucciarellia E., Denis M., Desabre S., Fiala M., Martin Jézéquel V., Le Fèvre J., Mayzaud P., Marty J.-C., and Razouls S., A biogeochemical study of the island mass effect in the context of the iron hypothesis: Kerguelen Islands, Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Research, 48 (1), 163-187, 2001.
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
Blain et al., 2001 – 4-10 October 1995
Objective 3 : Knowledge and quantification of biogeochemical processes and their responses to changes in the forcing parameters.
3.1) Structure of phytoplankton communities. KEOPS will address the question "what physical and chemical factors regulate phytoplankton growth and species composition?"
3.2) Shifts in the structure of the phytoplankton communities in response to changes in the forcing parameters. (KEOPS will focus on the following forcing parameters: iron, light (visible and UV), stratification.
3.3) Do biological activity compete with photochemical processes for the production of biogenic gases and iron speciation?
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
3.1) Structure of phytoplankton communities. KEOPS will address the question "what physical and chemical factors regulate phytoplankton growth and species composition?" Detailed topics include:
3.1.1) Characterization of phytoplankton communities in contrasted environments. Special attention will be paid to the major biogeochemical players: diatoms, Phaeocystis, coccolithophorids, cryptophyceans and picoplankton.
3.1.2) Identification, hierarchisation, and parameterization of the processes that control the structure of the phytoplankton communities.
3.1.3) Impact of the structure of the phytoplankton community on the fluxes of chemical compounds that are relevant for climate.
3.1.4) Impact of the structure of the phytoplankton community on the flux of carbon exported below the depth of the mixed layer
Objective 3 : Knowledge and quantification of biogeochemical processes and their responses to changes in the forcing parameters.
Key players of the phytoplankton communities
3.2) Shifts in the structure of the phytoplankton communities in response to changes in the forcing parameters. (KEOPS will focus on the following forcing parameters: iron, light (visible and UV), stratification. The processes will be investigated mainly in the surface layer.
3.2.1) How will the forcing parameters impact the processes controlling the production of chemical compounds that are relevant for climate?
3.2.2) How will the forcing parameters impact the processes controlling the export of carbon below the depth of the mixed layer?
3.2.3) What is the feedback of biological activity on iron speciation?
Objective 3 : Knowledge and quantification of biogeochemical processes and their responses to changes in the forcing parameters.
Key players of the phytoplankton communities