Key Lesson Questions: Key Lesson Questions: SwingersSwingers

1. How do variables affect the 1. How do variables affect the outcome of an investigation?outcome of an investigation?

2. Why is it important to change 2. Why is it important to change only one variable?only one variable?

3. How can variables be graphed to 3. How can variables be graphed to show relationships?show relationships?

Essential Question: Variables Essential Question: Variables Investigation 1- part 1Investigation 1- part 1

Swingers: Exploring SwingersSwingers: Exploring Swingers What is a pendulum?What is a pendulum?

What variables might affect the number of cycles What variables might affect the number of cycles the pendulum makes in 15 seconds?the pendulum makes in 15 seconds?

Changes or VARIABLES that can be made to the Changes or VARIABLES that can be made to the system are—system are—

1.1. Mass or number of penniesMass or number of pennies2.2. Release positionRelease position3.3. Length of stringLength of string

Standard Pendulum SystemStandard Pendulum System

38 cm. long string, 1 penny, 1, 38 cm. long string, 1 penny, 1, paper clip, tape, released paper clip, tape, released straight out to the side, and a straight out to the side, and a 15 second swing.15 second swing.

Word BankWord Bank

PendulumPendulumCycleCycleVariableVariable

Content/InquiryContent/InquiryA mass hanging from a fixed point that A mass hanging from a fixed point that

is free to swing to and fro is called a is free to swing to and fro is called a pendulumpendulum. .

A A cyclecycle is any motion or activity that is any motion or activity that repeats itself.repeats itself.

A A variablevariable is anything that you can is anything that you can change in an experiment that might change in an experiment that might affect the outcome.affect the outcome.

Science Stories: Science Stories: What Scientists Do?What Scientists Do?

What are the steps involved in scientific inquiry?What are the steps involved in scientific inquiry? What is a variable?What is a variable? What is important to remember when you What is important to remember when you

conduct a controlled experiment?conduct a controlled experiment? What do scientists do if their experiment does not What do scientists do if their experiment does not

confirm their hypothesis?confirm their hypothesis? What instruments help scientists see things they What instruments help scientists see things they

could not normally see?could not normally see? Is there another way to study the world other Is there another way to study the world other

than doing controlled experiments?than doing controlled experiments?

Essential Question: Variables Essential Question: Variables Investigation 1- part 2Investigation 1- part 2

Swingers: Testing VariablesSwingers: Testing Variables

Does changing the mass, Does changing the mass, length, or release positions of length, or release positions of a pendulum change how a pendulum change how quickly it swings?quickly it swings?

What can graphs tell us about What can graphs tell us about results?results?

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ExperimentExperimentControlled ExperimentControlled ExperimentStandardStandard

Content/InquiryContent/InquiryAn An experimentexperiment is an investigation is an investigation

designed to find out how variables affect designed to find out how variables affect outcomes.outcomes.

An experiment in which one variable is An experiment in which one variable is changed and the outcome is compared to changed and the outcome is compared to a standard is a a standard is a controlled experimentcontrolled experiment. .

A A standardstandard is the basic procedure used in is the basic procedure used in a controlled experiment, before changing a controlled experiment, before changing any of the variables.any of the variables.

RelationshipRelationship

The The longerlonger the pendulum, the the pendulum, the fewerfewer the the swings.swings.

The The shortershorter the pendulum, the the pendulum, the greatergreater the the swings.swings.

The The greatergreater the number of swings, the the number of swings, the shortershorter the pendulum. the pendulum.

The The fewerfewer the number of swings, the the number of swings, the longerlonger the pendulum. the pendulum.

Period 4 Class Data:Period 4 Class Data:LengthLength No. of Swings (Cycles)No. of Swings (Cycles)13 cm. 13 cm. 21211515 20201717 19191818 18182020 17172222 16162525 15152929 14143333 13134545 11115555 10107070 999090 88120120 77170170 66200200 55

Period 5 Class Data:Period 5 Class Data:LengthLength No. of Swings (Cycles)No. of Swings (Cycles)13 cm. 13 cm. 22221515 21211717 20201818 19192020 18182222 17172525 16162929 15153333 13134545 12125555 11117070 10109090 88120120 77170170 66200200 55

Period 6 Class Data:Period 6 Class Data:

LengthLength No. of Swings (Cycles)No. of Swings (Cycles)13 cm. 13 cm. 22221515 20201717 19191818 18182020 17172222 16162525 15152929 14143333 13134545 12125555 11117070 10109090 88120120 77170170 66200200 55

Period 7 Class Data:Period 7 Class Data:LengthLength No. of Swings (Cycles)No. of Swings (Cycles)13 cm. 13 cm. 22221515 21211717 20201818 18182020 17172222 16162525 15152929 14143333 12124545 11115555 10107070 999090 88120120 77170170 66200200 55

Essential Question: VariablesEssential Question: VariablesInvestigation 1- part 3Investigation 1- part 3

Swingers: Predicting SwingsSwingers: Predicting Swings

How can graphs be How can graphs be used to predict results?used to predict results?

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Two-coordinate graphTwo-coordinate graph

Content/InquiryContent/Inquiry

A A two-coordinate graphtwo-coordinate graph shows the outcome of a series shows the outcome of a series of experiments when a of experiments when a variable is changed by steps.variable is changed by steps.

Science Stories:Science Stories:Swinging through History?Swinging through History?

Who was the first person to think a pendulum Who was the first person to think a pendulum could be used as a timekeeper?could be used as a timekeeper?

Who was the first person to build such a Who was the first person to build such a timekeeper?timekeeper?

Where are you likely to see a pendulum Where are you likely to see a pendulum working?working?

What variable affects the number of swings in a What variable affects the number of swings in a given amount of time?given amount of time?

What is a controlled experiment?What is a controlled experiment?