KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REFERENCING STYLES

There are many styles of referencing. Some of which are • APA (American Psychological Association) style, author/date based

style where emphasis is given to the author and the date of work.• MLA (Modern Language Association) style, used for arts and

humanities.• Chicago style, used for history and economics.• Harvard style, similar to APA style and most used in Australia and

UK.Though their main goal is to have a formal format in writing, they have differences between referencing style. it is important that we know these modifications, so we are able to abide by their rules. You can always use a reliable reference generator available to avoid mistakes in your material.

In writing, referencing and citation is a significant element. Because of this the reader is able to distinguish your ideas and ideas you borrowed from another author. It is also important for your work’s credibility. Failing to cite your sources is a serious crime, called plagiarism.To avoid this, there are online reference generator you could use.

MLA STYLE OF REFERENCING

You can always use a reference generator MLA to be sure you have the correct format in your referencing.

Date: The date follows the publisher in the citation and is not in parentheses.

Author’s name

The author’s full name (first and last) is spelled out.

Capitalization All major words in the title are capitalized and the title is underlined

Source page It is called “works cited”

APA STYLE OF REFERENCING

If you are a little confuse of how to cite your sources, you can always use an APA format reference generator available online.

Date: The date follows the author and is in parentheses.

Author’s name

The author’s last name is spelled out and the first name is reduced to initials.

Capitalization Only the first word of the title, the first word of a subtitle, and any proper nouns (like names) are capitalized. Everything else is lowercase. Also, the title is written in italics.

Source page The source page is called a “References”.

COMPARISON EXAMPLE◼MLA style on referencing:Klaphake, Elizabeth. My Life as an English Professor. Bellevue,Nebraska: Bellevue University Press. 1999.◼And APA style of referencing:Klaphake, E. (1999). My life as an English professor. Bellevue,Nebraska: Bellevue University Press.You probably don’t have spare time in double checking your written references, you may use reference generator, which is a reliable and handy tool for students and professionals.

HARVARD STYLE OF REFERENCING

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Date The date follows after the author’s nameAuthor’s name

The author’s last name is spelled out and the first name is reduced to initials.

Punctuation Commas between all elements except author’s initial/s and date. Full stop at the end with a period, after the place of publication.

CHICAGO STYLE OF REFERENCING

A Chicago style reference generator may aid you in your task to do referencing correctly.

Date The date follows after the author’s nameAuthor’s name

The author’s last name is spelled out and the first name is reduced to initials.

Capitalization Titles are capitalized and book titles are italicized.

COMPARISON EXAMPLE◼Harvard style of referencing:

Pollan, M 2006, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, New York: Penguin,99-100.◼Chicago style of referencing:

Pollan, M, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York: Penguin, 2006), 99–100.

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IN-TEXT CITATIONIn-text citation is used when you directly quote or paraphrase a source. They are found in the body of the written material and contain a section of the full citation. There are also different ways to do in-text citation, depending on what style is used. You can utilize a reference generator tool that can help you if you have them all mixed up.

COMPARISON EXAMPLEMLA Doris Graber suggests that “media are most influential in areas in which the

audience knows least” (210).APA Graber (2002) suggests that “media are most influential in areas in which the audience

knows least” (p. 210).Harvard “media are most influential in areas in which the audience knows least”(Graber 2002)

Chicago Doris Graber suggests that “media are most influential in areas in which the audience knows least.”1

Notes 1. Doris A. Graber, Mass Media & American Politics, 6th ed. (Washington, DC: CQ Press,

2002), 210.

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