Kepler’s Laws What they tell us, and where they come from.
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Transcript of Kepler’s Laws What they tell us, and where they come from.
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Kepler’s Laws
What they tell us, and where they come from
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Kepler’s Laws
What they tell us, and where they come from
Question: why did I put this picture here? How is it related to Kepler’s Laws?
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Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
• The orbits of planets (and everything else) are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus.
• A line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time
• The semimajor axes and orbital periods are related by the Harmonic Law
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A question (?)
Is Kepler’s 3rd Law, a3=P2 only due to the fact that the planets
further out have a longer orbit to complete in a period?
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Kepler’s Laws are even more general than orbits in the solar system…they
govern orbits throughout the universe, like those of stars at the center of the
Milky Way galaxy
http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso0846h
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Applications of Kepler’s Laws: variations in the opposition of Mars
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Another application of Kepler’s 1st Law: the orbit of the Earth’s Moon.
Explains difference between total and annular solar eclipses
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How long does it take for a trip to Mars?
Orbit of Earth
Orbit of Mars
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Next topic: where do Kepler’s Laws come from
What is the deeper significance of them? Why is nature that way?
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Isaac Newton…beginning of modern physics
Newton’s laws of motions: the foundation of physics and the start for our understanding of orbits
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Newton’s Laws of Motion…vocabulary
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Newton’s Laws of Motion
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The net force is what moves things
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Demonstrations of Newton’s Laws of Motion
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Demonstrations of Newton’s Laws of Motion
What does this have to do with solar system objects? Or astronomy?
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The nature of Gravity: gravity holds the solar system together
Gravity is an attractive force between two objects because they have mass
M mr
So what does this have to do with the motion of the planets?
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The gravitational force from spherical object
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Centripetal acceleration and central force