Kepler’s Laws
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Transcript of Kepler’s Laws
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Kepler’s Laws
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Kepler’s LawsJohannes Kepler
Mars’ orbit is not a perfect circle, it is elliptical
The speed of Mars’ orbit changes
Closer to sun = faster
Farther away from sun = slower
Lead to Kepler’s 3 Laws
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Kepler’s 1st LawThe path of each planet around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one focus
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Kepler’s 2nd LawEach planet revolves so that the “imaginary line” that connects it to the sun sweeps equal amount of area in equal time intervals
Closer to sun = faster
Farther away = slower
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Kepler’s 3rd LawThe square of a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the cube of its distance from the sun
Orbital period - how long it takes to orbit the sun
Astronomical Unit (AU) – average distance between Earth and sun – 150 million km
T2 = d3 ; T = orbital period, d=distance from sun in AUs
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Kepler’s 3rd LawT2 = d3
Mars has period (T) of 1.88 years (T = 1.88)
(1.88)2 = 3.54
d3 = 3.54
d = 1.52 AU
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Kepler’s Laws Tri-fold
Use a tri-fold/brochure to explain Kepler’s 3 Laws. There should be no words other than labeling each 3rd as to which law you are demonstrating. You may also use the formula for Kepler’s 3rd law.
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OrbitsBarycenter – point between two objects where they balance each other
When a moon orbits planet, or planet orbits a star, both bodies are orbiting around a point that lies outside of the larger body (star/planet)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_coordinates_(astronomy)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnHUAc20WEU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKo6tfFtZg8(2:59)
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OrbitsThe Sun is NOT a stationary object.
Sun moves as the planets tug on it
Sun orbits the solar system’s barycenter
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Moon and Earth Relationship
Earth pulls on the moon, and moon pulls on Earth
This “tugging” from the moon can cause the Earth to bulge
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Moon and Earth Relationship
Earth’s solids cannot give, however water does, causing our tides
Two high tides and two low tides a day
12hrs and 25 min between two high tides
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Moon and Earth Relationship
Rise and fall daily due to Earth, Sun, and Moon interactions
Since earth is rotating, we experience two tides each day
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Moon and Earth Relationship
Spring Tides – when moon and sun interact together and form extreme tides.
Occurs during full and new moons
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Moon and Earth Relationship
Neap Tides – moon and sun pull at right angles and cancel each other out...very weak tides
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l37ofe9haMU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRPtNAA-9UE