KEN KE N - pef.uni-lj.si · William Adam – Senior Adviser (ex officio) Olivier Bruslé –...

KnowledgeEconomyNetworkKEN BulletinIssue 1-2, Vol IVJanuary-February 2014

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www.knowledge-economy.net

Secretariat services provided by Slovenian Business & Research Association

KEN Chair: Boris Cizelj

KEN Vice-Chair: Thomas Friis Konst

Executive Editor: Bostjan [email protected]: +32 (0)2 645 19 15fax: +32 (0)2 645 19 17

Avenue Lloyd George 61000, BrusselsBelgium

Knowledge Economy NetworkBoard of DirectorsProf. Dr. Boris Cizelj, ChairmanThomas Friis Konst, Vice-Chairman

International Advisory Board Prof.dr.Howard Alper, Chairman Prof.dr.Ramesh Mashelkar, Vice-Chairman Prof.dr.Dinnah Bennett OBEMehmet GökgözNava Swersky SoferProf.Daniel GuéguenDr.Martin GrabertPeter Jungen Prof.dr.Metka StareProf.dr. Małgorzata RochońProf.dr. Hernan ChaimovichWilliam Adam – Senior Adviser (ex officio)Olivier Bruslé – Adviser (ex officio) Boris Šavle – Secretary

Dear Readers,

The year has started with stark reminders of close interdependence in the glob-al economy, including the impact of changed US monetary policy upon several emerging economies, such as India, South Africa, Brasil, Turkey. Not surprisingly, those decisions are taken in Washington with little consideration for the impact on other economies.

As rather secretive trade negotiations between EU and US make progress, rather alarming voices are being heard about the serious social implications for Europe (see No.14 among “Recently published documents”). When confronted with a new estimate of very modest growth contribution (presumably only 0.05% annu-ally) the Trade Commissioner – in charge of negotiations – could offer little con-vincing comment. It seems that the real initiative for undoubtedly very important mechanism of liberalizing international trade remains with the big corporations from both sides of the Atlantic – motivated primarily, if not exclusively by their own profits.

The recent President Obama’s “State of the Union” speech, and one of the key topics of the just concluded 43rd Davos Forum, share the concern over exces-sive economic differentiation. This is a major problem in many countries: in OECD countries today, the average income of the richest 10% of the population is about nine times that of the poorest 10% – a ratio of 9 to 1. However, the ratio varies widely from one country to another. It is much lower than the OECD average in the Nordic and many continental European countries, but reaches 10 to 1 in Italy, Ja-pan, Korea, and the United Kingdom; around 14 to 1 in Israel, Turkey, and the Unit-ed States; and 27 to 1 in Mexico and Chile. Today the top 1 percent of Americans control 43 percent of the financial wealth, while the bottom 80 percent control only 7 percent of the wealth. Incredibly, the wealthiest 400 Americans have the same combined wealth as the poorest half of Americans - over 150 million people. And their share of wealth continues to increase, in spite of President’s promises. The bottom 30% of population is earning in real terms even less than 30 years ago.

It seems that the major challenge of many societies nowadays is how to control the powerful financial and other lobbies? They pursue their own agenda, too of-ten irrespective of the broader social and economic, as well as ecological impact of their clients’ activities. The more that is the case, the more these corporations tend to engage top lobbyist to influence the legislative and executive branch of power. Is it then surprising that there are in Washington 4 financial lobbyists on each member of the Congress? It is not much better in Brussels: there are over 6,000 registered lobbyists of all kinds and 766 members of European Parliament.

Some countries believe that sufficient control can be achieved through regulation. The US – having a relatively “light” regulation – started doing it already before the WWII, later introduced mandatory financial disclosure, and recently made it illegal for congressmen to make trips being paid by a lobbying entity. Several countries in Europe subscribe to more regulation, but that alone does not prevent abuses. What counts is obviously the general legal culture of a country. When

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checking the perceived corruption (according to the PCI Index of Transparency International), Can-ada, Australia, New Zealand and the Scandinavian countries come out better than most EU countries and the US.

Following readers’ interest for relevant knowledge economy indicators we are selecting for you in the statistical section at the end of the Bulletin we will from now present within the 4 traditional KEN do-mains: education & training, R&D, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Let me call your attention to some interesting features – referring to the num-bers of respective graphs & tables:

1. pay-off from educating girls is convincingly stronger than with boys;

2. strong differentiation of Critical reading Scores between children from poor and rich families in US;

3. Turkey, Czech rep., Korea, Ireland, Finland, Spain and Iceland are among countries who improved teachers salaries and reduced size of classes most during 2000-2010;

4. recently Israel, Korea and Finland increased their GERD more than other countries, while China doubled it;

5. intensity of R&D investment increased most in-tensely in Korea, while over the last 2 years it stagnated in many countries;

6. R&D investment by world top 2000 companies reached almost 540 bn €, with the following shares of leading countries and groups: US 35%, EU 29%, Japan 19%, Switzerland 4%, Korea and China 3%;

7. among world top 20 companies by R&D invest-ment the numbers of country representatives are: US 8, Germany 4, Japan 3, Switzerland 2, and Japan, France and UK 1 each;

8. among top 10 of world 100 best ranked corpo-rate R&D investors over past 10 years even 8 are from US, and 1 from China and India each;

9. according to Global Innovation Index 2013 there are small changes in the ranking of top 20 nations: the leading 10 are: Switzerland, Swe-den, UK, Netherlands, US, Finland, Hong Kong, Singapore, Denmark and Ireland;

10. According to Bloomberg’s ranking of the “Most Innovative in the World 2014” Korea comes first, Switzerland the 8th, and Japan and Ger-many at places 4 and 5;

11. Seed and later stage capital of companies in US has been 7 and 5 times bigger than in EU;

12. entrepreneurial activity differ quite strongly among word regions: the highest and most gender balanced is in Sub-Saharan Africa, most gender inbalanced is in the Middle East and Nort Africa, while the difference between US and EU is about 40% in favour of US for both genders.

At the end there are additional 10 graphs of more general nature, which you may find interesting as well. They present: global and regional GDP growth estimates and projections, after-crisis recovery, in-come inequalities, unemployment, growth rates in BRICS countries, share of elderly, projection of global capital stocks, PPP in infrastructure invest-ment, and diminishing share of exports in major Asian economies.

Boris Cizelj Editor


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Table of Contents 3

Knowledge Economy Developments 4

Articles of the Month 12

Recently published documents 16

Upcoming events 20

Relevant indicators, statistics and graphs 34

Annex: List of KEN Briefs released in 2013 45

Table of Contents


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EDUCATION

Education Sector Awaits Nod for Innovative Projects

In Kerala, India, enhancing the quality of school ed-ucation will be the focus of the General Education Department for the upcoming fiscal as it has devised many innovative projects for budgetary approval. ‘’The focus will be on new projects for communica-tion and skill development for students along with innovative teachers’ training programmes’’ said the General Education Secretary A Shajahan. Ambi-tious projects of the State Government such as the free uniform scheme for students up to class VIII will continue in the next academic year also. Asked about the dwindling share from the Centre under the Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Shajahan said that the state would devise projects which will ensure full fund allocation from the Centre.

Higher Education: The role of the Kerala State Higher Education Council (KSHEC) has now become prominent with the Centre deciding to make it the nodal agency for disbursing Central grants for uni-versities. ‘’The Council expects increased budg-etary allocation for establishing a Faculty Training Centre and for setting up the State Assessment and Accreditation Council (SAAC),’’ said KSHEC vice-chairman T P Sreenivasan.

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The Article

Knowledge Economy Developments News in Brief - as reported by the world media

Canada’s education spending: Going up, but is it going to the right places?

“Where is the money going?” That’s the perpetual question when it comes to educational spending in Statistics Canada. Everyone has some vague idea that a lot of money is getting funneled to educa-

tion, and inevitably there are questions as to how well it is being spent. That the money could be spent more effectively is a frequent theme, espe-cially whenever assessments on Canadian student achievement are released. Statistics Canada has just released, include a comprehensive set of ta-bles showing expenditures and revenues for school boards in Canada.

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and

Statistic Tables

Young entrepreneur out to change education

The Global Shapers are highly motivated young peo-ple between the ages of 20 and 30 with the poten-tial to be society’s future leaders, according to the World Economic Forum, which selects them based on several factors, such as their initiative, commit-ment and potential to “make a difference.” There are more than 3,000 members around the world in the Global Shapers community, which was created in September 2011, with about 50 of them hailing from Japan. Yusuke Matsuda, founder and CEO of Teach for Japan, is a Tokyo-based shaper. Matsuda is eager to make a difference in the field of educa-tion by dispatching talented and trained personnel to address issues confronting children and schools.

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The Article

Education among Rural Schools in China in Crisis: Report

The attractiveness of teaching positions in rural

http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Education-Sector-Awaits-Nod-for-Innovative-Projects/2014/01/23/article2015167.ecehttp://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/economy-lab/canadas-education-spending-going-up-but-is-it-going-to-the-right-places/article16458671/http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a03%3Flang%3Deng%26pattern%3D478-0010..478-0012%26p2%3D31http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/01/23/national/young-entrepreneur-out-to-change-education/


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New education alliance formed in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Teachers’ unions, student organisations and par-ents in KwaZulu-Natal established an alliance to help improve education in the province. Last year, there were several disruptions, go-slows and strikes, ranging from demands for better pay for teachers and reimbursement of monies deducted in line with the no-work, no-pay principle during the 2010 public service strike. Despite the challenges the province was able to achieve a 78.2% matric pass rate, a 4% improvement on the previous year. The South African Democratic Teachers Union (Sadtu), the Congress of South African Students, the South African Student Congress, the National Association of School Governing Bodies and the South African National Civic Organisation formed the alliance in Durban after weeks of discussion.

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schools has grown even weaker, says a newly pub-lished report by the Research Institute of Rural Education of Northeast Normal University, covering 5,285 teachers from 174 schools in nine provinces. Though the facilities have been greatly improved, teachers in rural schools are receiving low wages and have found difficulties obtaining higher ranks and honors. Also, it’s a male-dominated work en-vironment. In a rural primary school in east China’s Anhui Province, five of the eight teachers are over their fifties - and only one teacher is female.

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The Article

Where Do International Students Of Higher Education Come From And Where Do They Go?

The level of development of countries has a direct influence on the education system. By way of ex-ample, it is clear that the investment that coun-

tries like India and China have made in education over the last few years has had a direct influence on their economic progress. The commitment that Finland made some time ago also had major reper-cussions on its economy. By contrast, in Western countries less public money is being devoted to funding higher education. For this reason and be-cause the higher education sector is an increasingly more competitive one, Virginia Rincón-Diez, a re-searcher in the UPV/EHU’s Department of Financial Economics II, has analyzed the factors determin-ing the international demand for higher studies. In her PhD thesis submitted at the UPV/EHU, Virginia Rincón-Diez has concluded that the international demand for higher education depends largely on the public spending made in education in the countries concerned.

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The Article

Does more mean better or worse?

Since Australia made the decision to abolish caps on student numbers for bachelor’s degrees in 2009, it has barely looked back. Since 2008, stu-dent numbers have increased significantly, by a na-tional average of more than 20 percent, and much more at some institutions. Universities have had to look for efficiencies in their teaching and learning methods. Class sizes have grown, but online learn-ing and “flipped” classrooms are also on the rise. The differentiation of the academic workforce, and of academic work, has accelerated. Teaching-only academic positions are now commonplace and universities are using specialist staff for first-year teaching. Arguably, Australian higher education is in better shape than it was in 2008.

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The Article

http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/education/2014/01/23/new-education-alliance-formed-in-kwazulu-natalhttp://english.cri.cn/6909/2014/01/23/2561s809649.htmhttp://www.redorbit.com/news/education/1113052245/where-do-international-students-of-higher-education-come-from-and-where-do-they-go/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/features/feature-the-australian-test-uncapped-student-numbers/2010630.article


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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

UK industry has opened its door to R&D collaboration

Innovation-led businesses in the UK are opening the door to supply chain collaboration in the past year and are seeking to do more in 2014, but it is important that intellectual property (IP) rights are not overlooked in the process. Based on a Withers & Rogers survey of 70 professionals with respon-sibility for IP management within innovative, UK-based businesses, the majority (81 percent) are actively collaborating with third parties, such as supply chain partners, as part of their R&D process-es. Almost half of respondents (46 percent) also said they are keen to collaborate more in the year ahead.

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The Article

Study of science granting councils

The first major study of science granting councils in Sub-Saharan Africa has uncovered significant vari-ations between the science, technology and inno-vation systems in 17 countries and has identified models that capture the most common arrange-ments for public research funding. The study is ex-pected to make recommendations on the optimal functioning of councils. The differences between systems across the continent, the researchers found, were based on geography, political and eco-nomic (in)stability, socio-economic histories includ-ing colonial legacies, and the degree of institution-alisation of research.

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The Article

China spending more than EU on Science and Technology as percentage of GDP

China has overtaken the European Union in ex-

penditure on science and technology as a percent-age of its economic output as Europe’s economy stagnates, figures released by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have revealed. China, the country once known as the world’s factory, devoted 1.98 per cent of its gross domestic product to science and technology in 2012, a 7.6 per cent increase from the previous year. The current Five Year Plan aims for an increase of expenditure to 2.2 per cent of GDP by 2015.

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The Article

China to Establish Five Science R&D Centers

China will establish five science research centers to bring together the country’s leading talents in science and technology, according to the state-run Xinhua news agency. The five centers will focus on the fields of quantum information and technology: Tibet plateau and Earth system science, particle physics, brain science and thorium molten salt re-actors.

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The News

Task force to boost steel R&D to help India produce 300 million tonnes

The government has constituted a task force to prepare a blueprint for promoting research and de-velopment in the steel sector in a bid to help India treble its production capacity to 300 million tones (MT). The seven-member task force is headed by former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Baldev Raj.

India is poised to become the second largest steel producer in the world. With regard to funding for the R&D Mission/Centre, it was decided that there may be a corpus with one-time contribution from government and industry, in addition to annual

http://realbusiness.co.uk/article/25274-uk-industry-has-opened-the-door-to-randd-collaboration-but-ip-risks-must-not-be-overlookedhttp://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php%3Fstory%3D20140117123959927http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1410178/china-spending-more-europe-science-and-technology-gdp-percentagehttp://www.asianscientist.com/academia/china-establishes-science-rd-centers-2014/


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2014 R&D Magazine Global Funding Forecast

While R&D funding isn’t the sole indicator of how a nation, region or industry will perform, it cer-tainly is a fundamental consideration among other factors like science, technology, engineering and mathematics education levels, capital markets, healthcare, infrastructure, property rights and im-migration policy.

Each section of the report forecasts research and development levels for 2014, closely examining the expected funding for a region or industry. There are many important projections and key findings for each country and industry under discussion.

U.S. tops the list, but China is closing in:

ͷ The ranking of the top ten countries as measured by R&D spending isn’t expected to change in 2014, with the U.S. reprising its role as the dominant force in global re-search across numerous industries.

ͷ U.S. federal spending on R&D, a large con-tributor to R&D momentum in the U.S., is in turmoil because of enormous pressures to pare federal spending, especially defense and aerospace budgets.

ͷ The growth in China’s R&D budgets will far outpace those of the U.S., which has re-sumed modest growth that is expected to be relatively stable through 2020.

ͷ At the current rates of growth and invest-

stream of income in the form of a charge per ton of steel production.

Last year, a high-level meeting decided to give a push towards creating domestic manufacturing ca-pabilities in advanced materials, alloys and compos-ites and has announced to treble steel production capacity to 300 MT by 2025. The crude capacity for steel production is 96 MT per annum at present.

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The News

ment, China’s total funding of R&D is ex-pected to surpass that of the U.S. by about 2022.

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The Forecast

INNOVATION

Entrepreneurship contest promotes innovation in the energy sector

A new competition in Canada has entrepreneurs pitching their brightest idea in hopes of landing a big prize. The Haskayne School of Business is put-ting on the contest, in hopes of keeping Calgary at the forefront of innovation in the energy sector. 17 finalists made their case to judges and inves-tors - hoping to win $50,000 for start-up money. “It would be huge,” says Leo Vroegindewey from White Knight Safety Solutions, of the money at stake. “We really need the expertise offered in this prize and if we want to move forward with the company it’s make or break for us right now.” His company is working on ways to deliver health and safety on smart phones for companies in the oil patch, so employees don’t have to do paperwork in the field.

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The Article

Higher education research in embryonic stage

Research concerning universities and higher educa-tion has been expanding worldwide over the past few decades, but information on higher education research in Asia as a field of knowledge is scarce. While this field is small, it can illustrate key trends in Asian research development, writes Hugo Hor-ta, a deputy director at the Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research at the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal.

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http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-12/news/46112948_1_steel-production-steel-ministry-tata-steelhttp://www.rdmag.com/sites/rdmag.com/files/gff-2014-5_7%2520875x10_0.pdfhttp://globalnews.ca/news/1097852/entrepreneurship-contest-promotes-innovation-in-the-energy-sector/http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php%3Fstory%3D20140115174225114


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India to have 100 innovation hubs by 2017

To encourage school children to explore scientific discoveries, 100 innovation hubs will be established throughout the country by 2017.

The Innovation Club in Delhi marks the third such facility in the country after Bangalore and Kolkata. It is equipped with multimedia kits, tech lab for ro-botics and microprocessor programming.

Students are provided facilities for opening gadg-ets and reassembling them on their own. In addi-tion, children are encouraged to identify real-life problems, investigate projects and work for solu-tions under the guidance of experts. Guwahati and Mumbai will have similar innovations hubs by the end of the year.

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The Article

Odisha to prepare ‘Technology & Innovation Roadmap-2035’

Realising the importance of technology and inno-vation in overcoming limitation of resources and enhancing effectiveness of programmes, the Odi-sha government in India has decided to prepare a ‘Technology & Innovation Roadmap - 2035’ for the state. The roadmap will be prepared in collabora-tion with Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC), an autonomous soci-ety under the Union ministry of science & technol-ogy.

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The Article

Shifting innovation in reverse could solve urban transit issues

Thanks to off-shoring, many emerging markets have modern, technical, manufacturing and cost-cutting know-how. That’s why University of Michigan’s en-

trepreneurship professor Peter Adriaens thinks ur-ban transit solutions for the West will come from the developing world, as part of a growing trend of reverse innovation.

“Global companies are outsourcing low-cost in-novation to their suppliers in emerging countries and having them come up with designs that are cheap, simple, effective, and designed for the local market,” said Adriaens, “But now we’re starting to see some of those re-made for developed markets. There’s a huge opportunity for this reverse innova-tion to develop new mobility systems.”

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The Article

Innovation requires creative approaches to problems

Over the past 10 years or so, there has been a move-ment by large and small companies alike in the U.S. to reduce head count. This push has been driven by the need to become leaner, or to “do more with less.”

Companies have significantly reduced their work-force by becoming more efficient in the manufac-turing arena, consolidating services such as ac-counting and human resources across divisions as well trimming other nonessential functions. As a result, a void has been created when it comes to the engineering functions that create, develop and deploy the products that are the lifeblood of the companies.

Being innovative and imaginative, which can be key to developing efficient and cost effective solutions to a problem, can take time and money. One way to help mitigate this conflict is by looking at other industries and products outside the immediate task at hand for proven ideas and solutions that can be leveraged. By encouraging cross-fertilization of ideas and being open to trying new approaches the results can be rewarding, financially as well as by leading to a quicker time to market for a company’s

http://www.bgr.in/news/india-to-have-100-innovation-hubs-by-2017-pitroda/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/odisha-to-prepare-technology-innovation-roadmap-2035-114012400272_1.htmlhttp://phys.org/news/2014-01-shifting-reverse-urban-transit-issues.html


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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Study: Fear of failure keeps Finns from entrepreneurship

In a new entrepreneurship survey of more than 60 countries, Finland stood head and shoulders above many others in terms of the detecting busi-ness possibilities. According to the annual Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey, some 44 percent of adult Finns said that could see good business opportunities in their environments. At the same time, roughly 37 percent said that the fear of failure prevented them from capitalising on those ideas. In comparison with other European countries, even that 37 percent is not a lot. About 39 percent of Germans also have the same doubts. As many as half of Italians and Greeks said they were entrepre-neurship-shy precisely because they were afraid to fail.

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OECD releases study ‘Regions and Innovation: Collaborating Across Borders’

Economic and innovation ties often span regional administrative borders, including international bor-ders. However, policy efforts often ignore this fact, thus limiting the economic and innovation potential of many border regions. Promoting cross-border regional innovation policy is difficult given a num-ber of barriers, including those created by policies themselves. This report provides practical guidance on the following questions regarding international collaboration:

ͷ When does it make sense to collaborate with cross-border neighbours for innova-tion-driven economic development?

ͷ What kinds of governance approaches can be used to manage such cross-border col-laboration?

ͷ What are the policy instruments that can facilitate cross-border collaboration for in-novation?

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product. “Innovation and imagination” not only come from the engineering solutions but also the approach one takes to solving problems.

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The Article

Why Most Companies Renovate Instead Of Innovate

Low-risk, incremental improvements aren’t inno-vation, but that’s where most companies focus, Accenture finds. Innovation is thrilling when it ac-tually happens in a business, but all too often it’s the emptiest of buzzwords.

Last year, the annual InformationWeek 500 rank-ings highlighted IT innovators like The Gap, UPS,

Dish, and Home Depot that have turned great ideas into action using cloud services, data analytics, col-laboration tools, and/or mobile apps. It’s no small feat. But these are the exceptions.

What’s more likely is an uninspiring parade of low-risk, incremental improvements. That’s the rather dreary conclusion of an Accenture study of more than 500 executives from companies with more than $100 million of annual revenue.

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Korean government urged to boost job creation, entrepreneurship among youth

A state-run think tank called on the government to step up efforts to stimulate job creation for younger people and boost their entrepreneurship through early education and training. The report by the Ko-

http://yle.fi/uutiset/study_fear_of_failure_keeps_finns_from_entrepreneurship/7046396http://admin.interact-eu.net/downloads/8499/OECD_Study_Regions_and_Innovation_Collaborating_across_Borders_2013.pdfhttp://www.columbian.com/news/2014/jan/23/innovation-requires-creative-approaches-to-problem/http://www.informationweek.com/strategic-cio/executive-insights-and-innovation/why-most-companies-renovate-instead-of-innovate/d/d-id/1113492


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Entrepreneurship clubs in all Calicut University colleges

Indian Calicut University has decided to set up En-trepreneurship Development Clubs in all 421 colleg-es affiliated to it to foster the spirit of entrepreneur-ship among students. University vice-chancellor M. Abdul Salam said the colleges have been directed to set up the clubs by February 15. The clubs aim to encourage innovation and help students devel-op an idea into a business enterprise. They would provide information, knowledge and networking opportunities related to entrepreneurship to the students. The clubs would also enable them to ac-quire extra knowledge in entrepreneurship through seminars and workshops.

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rea Development Institute addressed worsening labor market conditions for the younger genera-tion. Government data showed that the employ-ment rate among people aged 15-29 hit a record low of 39.7 percent last year. “The difficulty facing younger people in landing jobs is one of the major and urgent problems that our labor market has to resolve,” the KDI said in a report.

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Cleveland-style entrepreneurship offering model to world cities

During a recent Fulbright year in Vietnam, Mi-chael Goldberg, an entrepreneurship instructor at Case Western Reserve University, shared American business strategies with a nation of mom-and-pop shops hungry to do more. As Goldberg described a hardworking manufacturing city, one that finessed its way into high tech fields with little help from venture capitalists or angel investors, the Vietnam-ese began to see a place they understood. Word of a DIY start-up scene spread to other striving cities in nations that had looked longingly toward Califor-nia. Goldberg’s premise, that Cleveland offers the more realistic business model, is gaining followers like a kind of religion. In March, Goldberg is to visit Budapest, Hungary, with a group of graduate stu-dents to talk strategy with a business incubator. In June, Greece beckons. An Athens university wants to translate his lectures into Greek. Meanwhile, he’s been advising a start-up accelerator in Kigali, the capital of Rwanda.

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Four new awards to recognize entrepreneurs in Canada

The Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC) has announced the launch of four new awards that will promote and recognize Canadian entre-preneurs in four key areas: mentorship, innova-tion, resiliency and serial entrepreneurship. These awards are in addition to the 2014 edition of the BDC Young Entrepreneur Award, a contest where entrepreneurs aged 18 to 35 are invited to present a turning point their company has reached and the

solution they propose to take their business to the next level.

“By dedicating time, energy and advice to young or new entrepreneurs, mentors play an integral role in ensuring the success of the next generation of Canadian entrepreneurs,” said Maxime Bernier, Minister of State (Small Business and Tourism) in a media release. The Economic Action Plan 2013 sets out a series of awards to recognize the contribution Canadian entrepreneurs make to the economy and its communities, while inspiring Canadians to inno-vate, create jobs and spur economic growth. The first of the four award categories - mentorship - is now open for nominations.

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http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/kozhikode/46461666_1_abid-hussain-thangal-t-p-ahmed-calicut-universityhttp://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/yonhap-news-agency/140121/govt-urged-boost-job-creation-entrepreneurship-among-youthhttp://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2014/01/new_economy_beckons_and_world.htmlhttp://www.thevanguard.ca/Business/2014-01-22/article-3586070/Four-new-awards-to-recognize-entrepreneurs/1


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Starting a business doesn’t make you an entrepreneur: study

Starting a small business doesn’t make you an en-trepreneur, according to a study by two Swedish academics from the country’s Research Institute of Industrial Economics. Instead, Magnus Henrekson and Tino Sanandaji. In fact, the study suggests the opposite, the higher the rate of self-employment in a country, the lower the rate of billionaire entre-preneurs. Countries with high incomes, low taxes, venture capital investment and low regulatory burdens were more likely to have game-changing entrepreneurs, but less likely to have high rates of self-employment. Many academics and business leaders do not view “mum and dad businesses” as entrepreneurship, the authors note. However, self-employment, a legal instrument, is typically seen as a proxy for entrepreneurialism, particularly in the academic literature on the subject.

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Entrepreneurs among the Happiest People in the World

Entrepreneurs are among the happiest individuals across the globe when it comes to individual well-being and satisfaction with their work conditions according to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2013 Global Report.

The GEM report’s special topic, Entrepreneur-ship and Well-Being, also found that women en-trepreneurs from innovation-driven economies showed, on average, higher degrees of personal well-being than their male counterparts. Entre-preneurs worldwide – at both the established and early-stage phases – exhibited higher ratings on subjective well-being compared to populations not involved in entrepreneurship activities, suggest-ing that entrepreneurship could be a good career choice for most.

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The Article

http://www.smartcompany.com.au/leadership/35250-starting-a-business-doesn-t-make-you-an-entrepreneur-study.htmlhttp://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/entrepreneurs-among-the-happiest-people-in-the-world-241297331.html


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Articles of the Month

Three priorities for better healthcare in Africa

Written by Joseph Jimenez

Chief Executive Officer of Novartis and one of the Co-Chairs at the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos 2014.

When people think of emerging markets, it’s the BRICs that come to mind. But I believe that many African countries are poised to be the next set of big emerging markets. Africa is currently the world’s second-fastest growing region. About one-third of the continent’s 54 nations are experiencing annual GDP growth of more than 6%. And this growth is occurring beyond the continent’s urban settings. Projections show that sub-Saharan Africa will see more than 5% growth in 2013.

Additionally, the rate of return on foreign invest-ment is higher in Africa than in any other devel-oping region. And by 2040, the continent’s work-ing age population will exceed that of both China and India, with over 1.1 billion people, facilitating a strong and growing labour pool. These changes will drive dynamic economic expansion.

However, there’s no mistaking that disadvantages will continue to persist throughout the continent. One of the biggest problems in Africa is inadequate healthcare. Today, life expectancy in Africa is 15 years less than the global average. Preventable and treatable diseases plague African populations. One in every 20 adults in sub-Saharan Africa lives with HIV – nine times the global average – and every 60 seconds, a child in Africa dies from malaria.

Africa’s rapid progress and urbanization are also creating new health challenges. Non-communi-cable diseases are projected to become the most common causes of death in Africa by 2030. For ex-ample, diabetes is expected to nearly double over

the next two decades.

If left unaddressed, this dual disease burden (com-municable and non-communicable diseases) could jeopardize the great economic opportunities Africa has in front of it. Healthcare will be critical in help-ing the continent realize its potential as the next set of emerging markets, and focus needs to be on three areas:

1. Technology

In the last decade, Africa has gone from virtually no fixed-line telecoms infrastructure to a continent where one in six people now owns a mobile phone. And recently, we’ve found that applying everyday technologies like mobile phones can help improve quality of life for Africans – beyond offering a means of communication. For example, Citi is working with NGOs to use this pervasiveness of mobile phones to bring banking and payment services to Africans with little or no access to formal financial services. Mobile money and digital wallets accessed on mo-bile phones eliminate the need for physical cash in rural areas where banking infrastructure is limited and carrying large amounts of cash is risky. And in terms of addressing healthcare needs, Novartis is working with governments in five different African countries as well as private sector partners to deliv-er SMS for Life. This is a project where we use text messages and electronic mapping to help improve drug distribution and better monitor the supply of essential malaria medicines in rural areas. In the past, African patients would travel long distances to health clinics only to find the medicines they needed were out of stock, but this system enables quick redistribution of products so that pharmacies don’t run out of critical medicines.

2. Infrastructure

Infrastructure has played an important role in Af-rica’s recent upturn and will continue to contribute

http://wef.ch/davoshttp://wef.ch/davos


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to further economic growth. Many companies are pitching in to help make health necessities readily available to those in the far corners of sub-Saharan Africa where resources are limited and infrastruc-ture is minimal. For example, Coca-Cola is contrib-uting its supply chain management expertise to im-prove distribution systems by mapping out health facilities and implementing stock-management software to bring bed nets, contraceptives, anti-AIDS drugs and vaccines to rural Africans quicker. And at Novartis, we are piloting new commercial models, called social ventures, to address infra-structure issues in sub-Saharan Africa. These mod-els help increase access to medicines and supply them in smaller packages at prices that are afforda-ble for the rising numbers of Africans who purchase healthcare out of pocket.

3. Education

Education is one of the most powerful tools in help-ing to reduce poverty and inequality and for build-ing sustainable economic growth in the developing world. But with limited resources behind education and a scarcity of teachers, many in rural Africa are left behind. Some international organizations are working across sectors to change this. For exam-ple, Cisco works with NGOs and other non-profits

to promote more connected communities and eco-nomic growth by helping students in Africa and other emerging economies develop information and communications technology skills so they can improve their career prospects. Africa’s education deficit affects the population’s health as well. The continent is home to one-seventh of the world’s population with one-quarter of the global disease burden, but it only has 2% of the world’s doctors. This is concerning because many health issues stem from lack of disease awareness or basic hygiene knowledge. Novartis is partnering with the Earth Institute, the United Nations and a number of pri-vate sector actors to help train and deploy 1 million community health workers in sub-Saharan Africa by 2015 to deliver basic treatment and preventative care, as well as track disease outbreaks. This initia-tive is about local people serving each other and empowering communities to lift themselves out of poverty in a sustainable way.

Africa is showing signs of promise, but innovative solutions to improve the health of its people are critical to success. This will require more than phi-lanthropy: it will need new commercial models that solve healthcare issues and benefit both the com-panies that invest and the population of Africa.


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1. Will the technology industry boom for an unlimited time or are bottlenecks on the way? Do big companies need to have the psychological threshold to face the consequences or to work on the implications at hand?

The technology industry tends to evolve in waves. The interesting development today is the conver-gence of existing technologies that are creating new possibilities: sat nav-based apps on our phones for instance, or machine-to-machine innovations. We tend to see incremental development and then oc-casional leaps forward as new applications and la-tent demand find each other.

Companies need to adopt a new mindset, one whereby they can respond swiftly to the increas-ing pace of technological developments while also introducing new business models to suit different market opportunities as they arise. They must be willing to embrace the technologies that are threat-ening to disrupt their market. By moving swiftly, they are more likely to master those technologies and spot new market opportunities that arise from them.

2. The question isn’t will leading companies survive in the face of digital technology, but how will the ubiquity of digital technology affect us as a society (positively and negatively).

It is true that this question is also relevant. There will be both negative and positive impacts on soci-ety. And these issues were discussed at Davos. We see in areas such as data privacy that new policy approaches are being developed to respond to the concerns of citizens and consumers. It is crucial to have an open debate about the consequences of new technologies. The World Economic Forum and its partners are clearly committed to such a public discourse. This is a debate that must involve both

the public and private sectors, policy-makers and other stakeholders representing consumer inter-ests.

3. What will the new era of digital technologies mean for job creation? Are we entering an era of jobless growth? If so, what needs to be done about it?

At Davos there was much discussion about in-equality, youth unemployment and the impact of technologies on lower-level roles as well as mid-dle-manager roles. On the other hand, new tech-nologies tend to create jobs in new services. Ma-chine-to-machine technology clearly cuts out the middleman and automates tasks, for instance, but we are also seeing demand for analytic skills out-stripping supply as vast volumes of data are gener-ated by machine-to-machine. Many of those jobs are highly skilled, perhaps more so than those hat are lost. Policy-makers need to understand that en-tirely new skill sets are required in the digital age and more effort needs to be made to improve the skills of existing workforces.

4. There were already several innovative approaches to change the market structure in favour of SMEs before digitalization. But maybe leading companies applied them better, due to greater knowledge. Maybe the same now. Are there arguments for this position?

In the past decade we have seen start-ups, includ-ing tech start-ups, dominate the digital landscape. Application developers – Square, Spotify, Twitter – seemingly came from nowhere and stole the show. We now feel that large companies are beginning to embrace these technologies and neutralize the threat that they have been facing from disruptive companies. Larger companies have vast volumes of data and insight about their large customer bas-

Q&A at Davos: How is digital technology disrupting big business?

Questions on the disruptive affect of technology on big businesses to Mark Spelman, Global Managing Direc-tor of Accenture. Here are his responses:


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es. They have enormously varied skills. They are al-ready well established in multiple markets. True, they will have to become more agile and more will-ing to embrace change. But we believe the next decade will see big companies become truly digital businesses.

5. As the years go by, companies implement automation to streamline processes and procedures. How can they balance the implementation of cost-effective technologies without affecting the workforce?

They need to ensure that the skills of their work-force are developed to take on the new roles that will be created as a result of new technologies. In many cases, those roles will actually be higher-val-ue roles than the ones they replace. We will also see a change to the distribution of roles up and down value chains as digital technologies change processes, supply chains, as well as products and services themselves. And so companies will have to work with their partners to ensure that the dis-placement and change of roles throughout the val-

ue chains can be managed in a way that balances the benefits to business and to workforces.

6. Aren’t we heading down the slippery slope by allowing the omnipresence of technology to take over our lives? What is the level of cooperation between governments and the leading technology companies?

There will certainly be issues with the emergence of ubiquitous smart and digital technologies. But I am optimistic. We tend to prejudge the use of technologies. We were told ten years ago with the arrival of the mobile Internet that we would all be checking stockprices on the go or having the fridge automatically re-order milk for us. Those applica-tions would have been oppressive for most of us. And they didn’t happen. Why? Because there was no demand. The applications that have had suc-cess are more consumer-riven. Power is increas-ingly in the hands of consumers and companies are having to be far more attentive and responsive to consumer needs.


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Recently published documentsTo access any of the following publications, simply click on the title or cover page of the publication. Addi-tional publications can be found on the KEN website.

European Competitiveness Report 2013 OECD Regions at a Glance

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2013 Global Report

IMF Annual Report 2013: Promoting a More Secure and

Stable Global Economy

Global Development Horizons: Capital for the Future - Saving and Investment in an Interdependent

WorldGlobal Employment Trends 2014:

Risk of a jobless recovery?

http://www.knowledge-economy.nethttp://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/competitiveness-analysis/european-competitiveness-report/files/eu-2013-eur-comp-rep_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/competitiveness-analysis/european-competitiveness-report/files/eu-2013-eur-comp-rep_en.pdfhttp://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-regions-at-a-glance-2013_reg_glance-2013-enhttp://www.gemconsortium.org/docs/download/3106http://www.gemconsortium.org/docs/download/3106http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/2013/eng/pdf/ar13_eng.pdfhttp://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/2013/eng/pdf/ar13_eng.pdfhttp://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/2013/eng/pdf/ar13_eng.pdfhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13431https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13431https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13431https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13431http://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/global-employment-trends/2013/WCMS_202326/lang--en/index.htmhttp://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/global-employment-trends/2013/WCMS_202326/lang--en/index.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/competitiveness-analysis/european-competitiveness-report/files/eu-2013-eur-comp-rep_en.pdfhttp://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-regions-at-a-glance-2013_reg_glance-2013-enhttp://www.gemconsortium.org/docs/download/3106http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/2013/eng/pdf/ar13_eng.pdfhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13431http://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/global-employment-trends/2013/WCMS_202326/lang--en/index.htm


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Enhancing Europe’s Competitiveness: Fostering

Innovation-driven Entrepreneurship in Europe

Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2013

Global Monitoring Report 2013: Rural-Urban Dynamics and the Millennium Development Goals

From the Bottom Up: How Small Power Producers and Mini-Grids

Can Deliver Electrification and Renewable Energy in Africa

Latin American Entrepreneurs: Many Firms but Little Innovation

European Research Area, Progress Report 2013

http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EuropeCompetitiveness_InnovationDrivenEntrepreneurship_Report_2014.pdfhttp://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EuropeCompetitiveness_InnovationDrivenEntrepreneurship_Report_2014.pdfhttp://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EuropeCompetitiveness_InnovationDrivenEntrepreneurship_Report_2014.pdfhttp://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EuropeCompetitiveness_InnovationDrivenEntrepreneurship_Report_2014.pdfhttp://www.ipyme.org/es-ES/UnionEuropea/OCDE/Documents/Entrepreneurship-at-a-Glance-2013.pdfhttp://www.ipyme.org/es-ES/UnionEuropea/OCDE/Documents/Entrepreneurship-at-a-Glance-2013.pdfhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13330https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13330https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13330https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16571https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16571https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16571https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16571https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16457https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16457http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/pdf/era_progress_report2013/era_progress_report2013.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/research/era/pdf/era_progress_report2013/era_progress_report2013.pdfhttp://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_EuropeCompetitiveness_InnovationDrivenEntrepreneurship_Report_2014.pdfhttp://www.ipyme.org/es-ES/UnionEuropea/OCDE/Documents/Entrepreneurship-at-a-Glance-2013.pdfhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13330https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16571https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16457http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/pdf/era_progress_report2013/era_progress_report2013.pdf


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The Missing Entrepreneurs: Policies for Inclusive

Entrepreneurship in EuropeSocial Dimensions of Free Trade

AgreementsBack to Work: Growing with Jobs

in Europe and Central Asia

Generation Entrepreneur?The 2013 Euro Plus Monitor:

From Pain to GainThe 10 Worst Innovation

Mercantilist Policies of 2013

http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/the-missing-entrepreneurs_9789264188167-enhttp://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/the-missing-entrepreneurs_9789264188167-enhttp://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/the-missing-entrepreneurs_9789264188167-enhttp://www.ilo.org/global/research/publications/WCMS_228965/lang--en/index.htmhttp://www.ilo.org/global/research/publications/WCMS_228965/lang--en/index.htmhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16570https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16570http://www.youthbusiness.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/GenerationEntrepreneur.pdfhttp://www.berenberg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/berenberg2013/Publikationen/Studien_Volkswirtschaft/BERENBERG_LISBON_COUNCIL_Euro_Plus_Monitor_2013.pdfhttp://www.berenberg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/berenberg2013/Publikationen/Studien_Volkswirtschaft/BERENBERG_LISBON_COUNCIL_Euro_Plus_Monitor_2013.pdfhttp://www2.itif.org/2014-ten-worst-innovation-mercantilist-policies.pdfhttp://www2.itif.org/2014-ten-worst-innovation-mercantilist-policies.pdfhttp://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/the-missing-entrepreneurs_9789264188167-enhttp://www.ilo.org/global/research/publications/WCMS_228965/lang--en/index.htmhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16570http://www.youthbusiness.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/GenerationEntrepreneur.pdfhttp://www.berenberg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/berenberg2013/Publikationen/Studien_Volkswirtschaft/BERENBERG_LISBON_COUNCIL_Euro_Plus_Monitor_2013.pdfhttp://www2.itif.org/2014-ten-worst-innovation-mercantilist-policies.pdf


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Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Around the Globe and Early-Stage

Company Growth Dynamics

Education and Skills 2.0: New Targets and Innovative

Approaches

Jobs and Skills: Tackling the Global Unemployment Crisis -

Preparing for Growth

Norms and Values in Digital Media: Rethinking Intellectual

Property in the Digital AgeClimate Adaptation: Seizing the

ChallengeRussia’s Regions Drivers for

Growth: 4x4

http://reports.weforum.org/entrepreneurial-ecosystems-around-the-globe-and-early-stage-company-growth-dynamics/http://reports.weforum.org/entrepreneurial-ecosystems-around-the-globe-and-early-stage-company-growth-dynamics/http://reports.weforum.org/entrepreneurial-ecosystems-around-the-globe-and-early-stage-company-growth-dynamics/http://www.weforum.org/reports/education-and-skills-20-new-targets-and-innovative-approacheshttp://www.weforum.org/reports/education-and-skills-20-new-targets-and-innovative-approacheshttp://www.weforum.org/reports/education-and-skills-20-new-targets-and-innovative-approacheshttp://www.weforum.org/reports/jobs-and-skills-tackling-global-unemployment-crisis-preparing-growthhttp://www.weforum.org/reports/jobs-and-skills-tackling-global-unemployment-crisis-preparing-growthhttp://www.weforum.org/reports/jobs-and-skills-tackling-global-unemployment-crisis-preparing-growthhttp://www.weforum.org/reports/norms-and-values-digital-media-rethinking-intellectual-property-digital-agehttp://www.weforum.org/reports/norms-and-values-digital-media-rethinking-intellectual-property-digital-agehttp://www.weforum.org/reports/norms-and-values-digital-media-rethinking-intellectual-property-digital-agehttp://www.weforum.org/reports/climate-adaptation-seizing-challengehttp://www.weforum.org/reports/climate-adaptation-seizing-challengehttp://www.weforum.org/reports/russias-regions-drivers-growth-4x4http://www.weforum.org/reports/russias-regions-drivers-growth-4x4http://reports.weforum.org/entrepreneurial-ecosystems-around-the-globe-and-early-stage-company-growth-dynamics/http://www.weforum.org/reports/education-and-skills-20-new-targets-and-innovative-approacheshttp://www.weforum.org/reports/jobs-and-skills-tackling-global-unemployment-crisis-preparing-growthhttp://www.weforum.org/reports/norms-and-values-digital-media-rethinking-intellectual-property-digital-agehttp://www.weforum.org/reports/climate-adaptation-seizing-challengehttp://www.weforum.org/reports/russias-regions-drivers-growth-4x4


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February 2014

International Conference on Education and Social Sciences

Date: 3-5 February 2014

Venue: Istanbul, Turkey

Further information

Winter Global Business Conference


Venue: Tignes, France

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AARES 2014


Venue: Port Macquarie, Australia

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16th year of International conference MEKON 2014


Venue: Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian, Czech Republic

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International Teacher Education Conference


Venue: Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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Lift14


Venue: Geneva, Switzerland

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Tenth International Conference on Technology, Knowledge, and Society


Venue: Madrid, Spain

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Social and Behavioral Sciences


Venue: Rome, Italy

Further information

Upcoming eventsBelow you will find a selection of the most pertinent events taking place up until July 2014. For more events, please visit our online interactive calendar.

indicates recently added events.

http://www.intcess14.org/http://www.gbcwinter.com/http://www.aares.org.au/http://www.ekf.vsb.cz/mekon/en/2014/http://www.ite-c.net/http://liftconference.com/lift14/http://techandsoc.com/the-conferencehttp://iassr.org/conference


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Interdisciplinary Business and Economics Research: Advancing Knowledge from Interdisciplinary Perspectives


Venue: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Further information

2014 Winter Global Technology Symposium


Venue: Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Further information

The energy storage challenge: which contribution from chemical sciences?

Date: 11 February 2014

Venue: Online

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Innovative Trends in Science, Engineering and Management



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Climate Change and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources


Venue: Gwalior, India

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Feeding the World


Venue: London, England

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Asia-Pacific Economic and Business History Conference

Date: 13 – 15 February 2014

Venue: Hamilton, New Zealand

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Meeting Global Challenges: Discovery and Innovation


Venue: Chicago, Illinois

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Intelligent Information Networks


Venue: Hong Kong, China

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Business, Management and Corporate Social Responsibility


Venue: Batam, Indonesia

Further information

http://sibresearch.org/sibr-conference-call-for-paper.htmlhttp://www.uofriverside.com/conferences/global-technology-and-management-symposium/2014-winter-global-technology-symposium/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/cms/home/events/workshops/storagehttp://www.icitsem.com/http://www.itmuniversity.ac.in/TIMS/http://www.economistinsights.com/sustainability-resources/event/feeding-world-2014http://apebh2014.wordpress.com/call-for-papers/http://meetings.aaas.org/http://www.iciin.org/http://www.icehm.org/2014/02/16/36


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International Conference on Economics, Business and Marketing Management



Further information

Trade, Economics and Finance



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Education and Management Innovation



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International Conference on Advances in Science and Technology


Venue: Pattaya, Thailand

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Asia-Pacific Business Research Conference



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Canadian International Conference of Social Science and Education


Venue: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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The Lisbon Summit


Venue: Cascais, Portugal

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Bangkok International Conference on Social Science

Date: 18-20 January 2014

Venue: Bangkok, Thailand

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Clean and Green Energy


Venue: Singapore, Singapore

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International Conference on Environmental Science and Development



Further information

http://www.cebmm.org/http://www.ijtef.org/jctef/1st/http://www.icemi.org/http://www.sciencepublication.org/conferencehttp://www.malayconfo.com/http://intconfsscienceeduca.wix.com/canadahttp://www.economistinsights.com/countries-trade-investment/event/lisbon-summithttp://www.bicss.org/http://www.iccge.org/http://www.icesd.org/


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Asia-Pacific ESA Conference


Venue: Auckland, New Zealand

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Education and Management Innovation



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International Conference on Advances in Science and Technology


Venue: Pattaya, Thailand

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Asia-Pacific Business Research Conference



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Canadian International Conference of Social Science and Education


Venue: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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The Lisbon Summit


Venue: Cascais, Portugal

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Bangkok International Conference on Social Science

Date: 18-20 January 2014


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Clean and Green Energy



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International Conference on Environmental Science and Development



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Asia-Pacific ESA Conference



Further information

https://www.economicscience.org/esa/displayConference.html%3Bjsessionid%3D780358EB4E56A6A67BA7A5E5BC32768C%3Fid%3D55http://www.icemi.org/http://www.sciencepublication.org/conferencehttp://www.malayconfo.com/http://intconfsscienceeduca.wix.com/canadahttp://www.economistinsights.com/countries-trade-investment/event/lisbon-summithttp://www.bicss.org/http://www.iccge.org/http://www.icesd.org/https://www.economicscience.org/esa/displayConference.html%3Bjsessionid%3D780358EB4E56A6A67BA7A5E5BC32768C%3Fid%3D55


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Women in the Crossroads


Venue: Orlando, United States of America

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Promoting a Culture of Reading


Venue: Doha, Qatar

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National conference on Changing Scenario of Management Education in India


Venue: Guwahati, Assam, India

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Advances and Management Sciences


Venue: Barcelona, Spain

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International Conference on Renewable Energy


Venue: Pune, India

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Innovation in Economics and Business



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Symposium on Creative Education


Venue: Chiplun, India

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World Business and Economics Research Conference



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Accounting, Management, Education, Research & Practice


Venue: Baguio City, Philippines

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World Ocean Summit


Venue: San Francisco, California

Further information

http://womensstudies.cah.ucf.edu/wic/abstracts.phphttp://qatartesol.org/http://www.rgi.edu.in/Academics/RSB/RSB-National%2520Conference_brochures.htmlhttp://www.icams.org/http://www.saise.org/icre2014http://www.icieb.org/http://www.ccefinland.org/http://www.newzealandconfo.com/http://www.uc-bcf.edu.ph/Home/Announcements%3FCategory%3DResearch%26NewsID%3D619http://www.economistinsights.com/sustainability-resources/event/world-ocean-summit-2014


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ProcureCon Asia



Further information

Management and Economics


Venue: Matara, Sri Lanka

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Achieving Impact: Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities (SSH) in Horizon 2020

Date: 26 – 27 February 2013

Venue: Athens, Greece

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The Kenya Summit


Venue: Nairobi, Kenya

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The Insurance Summit


Venue: London, UK

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International Academic Conference on Education, Teaching and E-learning

Date: 28 February -1 March 2014

Venue: Prague, Czech Republic

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March 2014

Mediterranean Conference for Academic Disciplines

Date: 2-6 March 2014

Venue: Valletta, Malta

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Education and Human Development in Asia


Venue: Hiroshima, Japan

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Women Buying Power Conference


Venue: Copenhagen, Denmark

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Health and Environment Conference in the Middle East



Further information

http://www.wbresearch.com/procureconasia/home.aspxhttp://www.ruh.ac.lk/conf/icme2014/http://ec.europa.eu/research/social-sciences/events-249_en.htmlhttp://www.economistinsights.com/countries-trade-investment/event/kenya-summit-2014http://www.economistinsights.com/financial-services/event/insurance-summit-2014/venuehttp://www.mac-prague.com/inpage/conference-2014/http://www.internationaljournal.org/malta.htmlhttp://www.presdafoundation.org/human-development-asia-conference/scientificprogramhttp://womenbuyingpower.com/http://congress.hbmeu.ac.ae/ehealth/call-paper-2014


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The Global Summit on Education



Further information

Green Economy for Sustainable Development Progress and Prospects

Date: 4 – 5 March 2014

Venue: Dubai, UAE

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Smart Cities International Exhibition


Venue: Sofia, Bulgaria

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Save the Planet - Waste Management, Recycling, Environment


Venue: Sofia, Bulgaria

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Education and Development Conference



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The CFO Summit

Date: 6 March 2014

Venue: London, UK

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ECE 2014: Enterprise and the Competitive Environment 2014


Venue: Brno, Czech Republic

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International Conference on Women Empowerment


Venue: Vijayawada, India

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Advances in Social Science, Economics and Human Behaviour



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The Macro-theme International Conference on Business and Social Science: Monaco 2014


Venue: Monte Carlo, Monaco

Further information

http://worldconferences.net/gse2014http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/PAGE/PAGE%2520conf%2520agenda%2520-%2520201213.pdfhttp://via-expo.com/en/pages/smart-citieshttp://via-expo.com/en/pages/waste-management-recycling-conferencehttp://www.tomorrowpeople.org/education-and-development-conference-2014http://www.economistinsights.com/business-strategy/event/cfo-summit-2014https://ece.pefka.mendelu.cz/http://icwe2014.wix.com/icwe2014http://seh.theired.org/http://macrotheme.com/conferences/monaco


– 27 –

Innovation Convention


Venue: Brussels, Belgium

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International Technology, Education and Development Conference


Venue: Valencia, Spain

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The Azerbaijan Investment Summit


Venue: Baku, Azerbaijan

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Africa-Asia Development University Network – Africa’s Asian Options 2014



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2014 Aging in America Conference

Date: 11 – 15 March 2014

Venue: San Diego, California

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Innovation, Management and Technology


Venue: Macau, China

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Economics, Trade and Development 2014


Venue: Penang, Malaysia

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Global Academy of Business and Economic Research


Venue: New York, New York

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The Future of Banking

Date: 13 March 2014

Venue: Paris, France

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Promoting Global Progress and Excellence in Academia


Venue: Key West, Florida

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http://ec.europa.eu/research/index.cfm%3Fpg%3Devents%26eventcode%3D97F32AB1-EEA4-843E-822E904F76A62DCEhttp://www.inted2014.org/http://www.economistinsights.com/countries-trade-investment/event/azerbaijan-investment-summithttp://umconference.um.edu.my/AA2014http://www.asaging.org/aiahttp://www.ijimt.org/jcimt/1st/http://www.icetd.org/http://www.gaberic.org/20.htmlhttp://www.economistinsights.com/financial-services/event/future-banking-summithttp://www.isisworld.org/


– 28 –

10th European Winter Finance Summit

Date: 16 March 2014

Venue: Zermatt, Switzerland

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Research/Teaching Excellence in Business and Economics


Venue: Orlando, Florida

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Sustainable Business, Energy and Development in Asia


Venue: Hiroshima, Japan

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The Big Rethink

Date: 18 March 2014

Venue: London, UK

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Green Computing, Technology and Innovation



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Research and innovation in the UK 2014

Date: 20 March 2014


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Austrian Economics Research Conference 2014

Date: 20 – 22 March 2014

Venue: Auburn, Alabama

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The Creativity Workshop in Prague


Venue: Prague, Czech Republic

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CSAE Conference 2014: Economic Development in Africa

Date: 23 – 25 March 2014

Venue: Oxford, England

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Nigeria Summit 2014

Date: 24 March 2014

Venue: Lagos, Nigeria

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http://www.skinance.com/http://www.iabe.org/http://www.presdafoundation.org/sustainable-business-conference/proposalshttp://www.economistinsights.com/marketing-consumer/event/big-rethink-2014http://www.sdiwc.net/conferences/2014/icgcti2014http://www.westminsterforumprojects.co.uk/forums/event.php%3Feid%3D694http://mises.org/events/179http://creativityworkshop.com/prague.htmlhttp://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/conferences/2014-EdiA/http://www.economistinsights.com/countries-trade-investment/event/nigeria-summit-2014


– 29 –

5th International Conference on Business and Economics Research



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European Energy Horizons

Date: 25 March 2014

Venue: Stockholm, Sweeden

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International Conference on Social Sciences


Venue: Colombo, Sri Lanka

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Business, Economics and Accounting



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Advances in Business-Related Scientific Research Conference


Venue: Venice, Italy

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International Conference on Business, Sociology and Applied Sciences



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International Conference on Quality Higher Education


Venue: Islamabad, Pakistan

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Academic and Business Research Institute


Venue: San Antonio, Texas

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Technology Frontiers

Date: 27 March 2014


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Trends in Multidisciplinary Business and Economic Research



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http://www.internationalconference.com.my/http://www.economistinsights.com/energy/event/european-energy-horizons-2014http://thesocialstudies.co/http://www.caal-inteduorg.com/ibea2http://www.absrc.org/http://www.icehm.org/2014/03/31/38http://www.numl.edu.pk/ICQ-home.htmlhttp://www.aabri.com/SA2014.htmlhttp://www.economistinsights.com/event/technology-frontiers-2014http://www.globalilluminators.org/tmber2014-bangkok/


– 30 –

Informatics, Environment, Energy and Applications


Venue: Shanghai, China

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CleanEquity


Venue: Monte Carlo, Monaco

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Projectweek: The Global Schoolhouse

Date: 30 March – 4 April 2014

Venue: Detmold, Germany

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Euro-American Conference for Academic Disciplines



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The Creativity Workshop in Florence


Venue: Florence, Italy

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April 2014

Industrial Technologies 2014

Date: 9 – 11 April 2014

Venue: Athens, Greece

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Navigating Africa: A Practical Guide to Doing Business on the Continent

Date: 12 April 2014

Venue: Evanston, Illinois

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InnovFest: Asian Innovations Going Global

Date: 14 – 16 April 2014


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Japan Summit 2014

Date: 17 April 2014

Venue: Tokyo, Japan

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OCW Global Conference: Open Education for a Multicultural World

Date: 23 – 25 April 2014

Venue: Ljubljana, Slovenia

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http://www.ieea.org/http://www.cleanequitymonaco.com/http://www.ffb-lippe.de/http://www.internationaljournal.org/paris.htmlhttp://creativityworkshop.com/florence-spring.htmlhttp://www.industrialtechnologies2014.eu/http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/conference/abc/http://www.innovfest.sg/http://www.economistinsights.com/countries-trade-investment/event/japan-summit-2014/programmehttp://conference.ocwconsortium.org/2014/


– 31 –

Challenges and solutions for fostering entrepreneurial universities and collaborative innovation

Date: 23 – 25 April 2014


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Smart to Future Cities 2014

Date: 29 – 30 April 2014

Venue: London, United Kingdom

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May 2014

IST-Africa 2014 Conference

Date: 6 May 2014

Venue: Port Louis, Mauritius

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Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications

Date: 6 – 8 May 2014


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European Energy Horizons 2014

Date: 8 May 2014

Venue: Stockholm, Sweden

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Asia Pacific 2014

Date: 11 – 13 May 2014

Venue: Jakarta, Indonesia

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European Bioenergy Conference 2014

Date: 12 – 14 May 2014

Venue: Brussels, Belgium

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Third International Climate Change Adaptation Conference

Date: 12 – 16 May 2014

Venue: Fortaleza Ceara, Brazil

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The Brazil Business Summit

Date: 13 May 2014


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Advancing Socio-Economic Research

Date: 16 – 17 May 2014

Venue: Bucharest, Romania

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http://revistas.usc.es/gcompostela/en/modules/highlights/news_0163.htmlhttp://smarttofuture.com/http://www.ist-africa.org/conference2014/http://sdiwc.net/conferences/2014/dictap2014/http://www.economistinsights.com/energy/event/european-energy-horizons-2014http://www.esomar.org/events-and-awards/events/global-and-regional/asia-pacific-2014/213_asia-pacific-2014.overview.phphttp://www.aebiom.org/conference/http://adaptationfutures2014.ccst.inpe.br/http://www.economistinsights.com/event/brazil-business-summit-0http://www.reaser.eu/conference/


– 32 –

eLearning Africa 2014: Opening Frontiers to the Future

Date: 28 – 30 May 2014

Venue: Kampala, Uganda

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11th International Conference of Young Scientists on Energy Issues

Date: 29 – 30 May 2014

Venue: Kaunas, Lithuania

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June 2014

7th International Conference for Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Regional Development

Date: 5 – 6 June 2014

Venue: Nicosia, Cyprus

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Reinventing the Physicist: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education for the 21st Century

Date: 5 – 6 June 2014

Venue: College Park, Maryland

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World Conference on Entrepreneurship

Date: 11 – 14 June 2014

Venue: Dublin, Ireland

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South-East Asia Summit 2014

Date: 12 June 2014


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Fourth Annual Asian Conference on Sustainability, Energy and the Environment

Date: 12 – 15 June 2014

Venue: Osaka, Japan

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Darden & Cambridge Judge Entrepreneurship and Innovation Research Conference

Date: 19 – 24 June 2014

Venue: Cambridge, England

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2014 Euroscience Open Forum

Date: 21 – 26 June 2013

Venue: Copenhagen, Denmark

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International Conference on Innovation, Trade and Economics

Date: 22 – 23 June 2013

Venue: Moscow, Russia

Further information

http://www.elearning-africa.com/conference.phphttp://www.cyseni.com/en/https://iceird2014.cs.ucy.ac.cy/http://www.aps.org/programs/education/conferences/innovation.cfmhttp://www.icsb2014.org/http://www.economistinsights.com/countries-trade-investment/event/south-east-asia-summit-2014http://acsee.iafor.org/http://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/events/eir-conference/http://esof2014.org/infohttp://www.icite.org/


– 33 –

22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition

Date: 23 – 26 June 2014

Venue: Hamburg, Germany

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Open Educational Resources: Beyond Advocacy, Research and Policy

Date: 24 June 2014

Venue: Penang, Malaysia

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Talent 2014

Date: 26 June 2014


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Innovation Economic Congress: Accelerating Innovation & Discovery, Catalyzing Booming Growth

Date: 26 – 29 June 2014

Venue: Dalian, China

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July 2014

GeoPower Africa 2013

Date: 16 – 17 July 2014

Venue: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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2014 International Conference on Economics, Society and Management

Date: 19 – 20 July 2014

Venue: Madrid, Spain

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Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Date: 21 – 22 July 2014


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http://www.eubce.com/http://www.oerasia.org/contacthttp://www.economistinsights.com/leadership-talent-innovation/event/talent-2014http://www.bitcongress.com/giec2014/http://www.greenpowerconferences.com/EF/%3FsSubSystem%3DProspectus%26sEventCode%3DGE1307TZ%26sSessionID%3Dfo589294e96rcmer7nb8m7i0e3-9053244http://www.icesm.org/cfp.htmhttp://me-kono.eu/conferences/4th-gstf-conference-on-innovation-entrepreneurship-2014-singapore


– 34 –

Relevant indicators, statistics and graphs

EDUCATION

1. A Bigger Pay-off From Educating Girls (rates of return on investments in additional years of education)

Education and Skills 2.0: New Targets and Innovative Approaches44

India, though much higher than Indonesia’s 16:1. In secondary schools, Pakistan’s relative position is worse, with a ratio of roughly 40:1, as compared with about 30:1 in Bangladesh, 25:1 in India and 15:1 in Indonesia. One area in which Pakistan does not lag is in the share of gross domestic product (GDP) spent on education. At 2.4% of GDP, the country sits in roughly the same range as Bangladesh, India and Indonesia.

Exacerbating these deficits are other less easily quantified factors. For instance, in Pakistan, like most countries, enrolment in school does not ensure attendance; many students begin a school year but attend infrequently and do not complete the year. Attendance, in turn, does not imply learning; inadequate curricula, teacher absenteeism and infrastructure deficien-cies can thwart even motivated students and well-intentioned administrators. And the quality of curriculum, and the manner of its delivery, means students are taught a memorization of facts rather than inquisi-tiveness and problem-solving, leaving them less prepared to meet the demands of a modern economy and society.

Inequality of Opportunity

Inequalities in access, quality and educational outcomes have stubbornly persisted in Pakistan’s educational system, across gender and income, across urban and rural settings and among the country’s four provinces.

Even though girls’ enrolment in primary and secondary education has improved in the past decade, it stills remains below boys’, with significant urban/rural and regional differences. More than 50% of girls in rural areas do not attend primary school and more than 75% do not attend secondary school. Enrolment rates of boys in rural areas at both the primary and secondary level are about 7% higher than those of girls, a difference that is fast disappearing in urban areas. Even though rural areas in Punjab and Khyber Pakh-tunkhwa are increasing girls’ secondary enrolment at a faster pace than in the past (with enrolments at almost 30% and 23% respectively), rural Sindh is almost stagnant, with an enrolment rate at 10%.17

These inequalities have important developmental consequences for the children. Educated girls are more likely to have skills that allow them to earn more in the labour market; they are more likely to marry later, to have fewer children and to have them later; and they and their children are more likely to be healthy. Educated mothers are also shown to affect their children’s learning outcomes

at school.18 Emerging evidence also suggests that benefits from girls’ education may actually start even earlier than when they have children of their own, as educated elder sisters can have a significant positive effect on educational outcomes of younger siblings.19,20 Overall, the return on investment in girls’ education is higher than that for boys (Table 2).

Table 2: A Bigger Pay-off From Educating Girls

(rates of return on investments in additional years of education)

Rate of return (%)

Level of education Male Female

Primary 2.7 6.8

Middle 4.5 20.5

Matric (10 years of formal education) 13.2 27.4

Inter (12 years of formal education) 11.4 16.9

Bachelors (14 years of formal education) 15.4 22.6

MA and more (16+ years of formal education) 15.1 30.7

Source: Monazza Aslam, “Rates of return to education by gender in Pakistan”, Global Poverty Research Group Working Paper, GPRG-WPS-064, Table 7a. No date, but this paper cites a 2007 publication and is based on data from 2002. Uses individual wages earned to determine rates of return but not including other potential social or health benefits.

The continued neglect of rural areas in terms of education also has negative developmental effects. It exacerbates the economic and cultural differences between those areas and cities to the detriment of the country as a whole. Further, since agriculture is about 25% of Pakistan’s economy, a lack of education can hurt the long-term efficiency of agriculture and increase migration from rural to urban areas.

An Evolving System

The educatio

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