Kelp Forests Dominated by brown algae

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I. Kelp Forests • Dominated by brown algae • Found in shallow open coastal settings where water temperature usually < 20 o C • Bottom depth typically <20 m • Light readily available • Highly productive, diverse ecosystems • Productivity related to fast kelp growth rates

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Kelp Forests Dominated by brown algae Found in shallow open coastal settings where water temperature usually < 20 o C Bottom depth typically

Transcript of Kelp Forests Dominated by brown algae

  • Kelp Forests

    Dominated by brown algaeFound in shallow open coastal settings where water temperature usually

  • Fig. 16-7

  • Atlantic Fig. 16-9Pacific Fig. 16-8

  • Kelp Forests

    AtlanticPacificGrazersUrchinsUrchins, Abalones, LimpetsSuspension FeedersMusselsMusselsPredatorsMaine LobstersSea Otters

  • Kelp Forests

    Factors Affecting Kelp ForestsIntensity and frequency of winter stormsPresence/Absence of urchin predators (sea otters/lobsters)Abundance and behavior of herbivoresWinter storms can rip kelps from their holdfastsAfter severe storms, portions of sea floor may be stripped of kelpUrchins deprived of preferred foods (mature kelp or drift algae) may increase mobility and eat newly recruited kelpsGrazing may prevent kelps from re-growingLeads to establishment of more resistant coralline algaeLeads to urchin barrensvanaqua.org

  • Fig. 16-14hopkins.stanford.edu

  • Kelp Forests

    Kelp Forest EcologySea otters/Lobsters important top-down regulators of community structurePrey on important grazers like urchins (Pac/Atl) and abalones (Pac)Urchins, abalones, other herbivores graze on attached seaweeds, drift kelpUrchin populations can have a major impact on community compositionFig. 16-11

  • Fig. 16-15

  • Plants

    BryophytesNon-vascular plantsDominant gametophyteMarchantiophyta (liverworts)Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)Bryophyta (mosses)

  • bio1151.nicerweb.com

  • Plants

    PteridophytesVascular plantsDominant sporophyteLycopodiophyta (club mosses)Pteridophyta (ferns, whisk ferns, horsetails)sierrapotomac.orgmalag.aes.oregonstate.edustevie8126.blogspot.com

  • Plants

    Seed PlantsVascular plantsDominant sporophyteCycadophyta (sago palms)Ginkgophyta (ginkgo)Pinophyta (conifers)Gnetophyta (gnetales)

    Anthophyta/Magnoliophyta (flowering plants)**

  • cycadssouthafrica.netginkgoucmp.berkeley.educonifersfrogsonice.comWelwitschiabiolib.cz

  • Flowering Plants (Anthophyta)

    True roots, stems, leavesRootsMechanical anchorsAbsorb water, mineralsOften with root hairs (increase surface area for absorption)May store carbohydratesStemsElevate and separate leavesElevate reproductive structuresNodes, internodesLeavesMain photosynthetic organBlade, petiole, veinsSpecialized vascular tissues that transport water, minerals, nutrientsXylem WaterPhloem Minerals, nutrients

  • thomson.fosterscience.com

  • parenchymacollenchymasclerenchyma

  • micro.magnet.fsu.edu

  • Flowering Plants (Anthophyta)

    Monocots vs. dicots

    holganix.com


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