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PENGAJARAN DAN

PEMBELAJARAN

ABAD KE 21

DISEDIAKAN OLEH:

MOKHZANI FADIR

SISC+ BAHASA INGGERIS MENENGAH)

PPD LIPIS

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THE WORLD HAS CHANGED

We have moved into amore demanding cognitive

age, compelling people to

become better at

absorbing, processing andcombining information.

Can we learn to

change with it?

Who might our kindergarten children

be working with on an on-the-job

project in 2025?

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GLOBALIZATION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF

THIS GENERATION

Because of globalization—the ongoing process of

intensifying economic, social, and cultural

exchanges across the planet—young people theworld over need more innovative thinking skills,

cultural awareness, higher-order cognitive skills,

and sophisticated communication and

collaboration skills than ever before.

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A CHANGING ECONOMY MAKES

“THINKIN SKILLS”

MORE IMPORTANT

19 195

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2

4

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Low skill jobs Knowledge work jobs

Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skills

http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120

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21 ST CENTURY WORLD

The Future World of Work

Creative Work — • Research

• Development

• Design

• Marketing/Sales

• Global Supply Chain

Management

Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skillshttp://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120

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Job Outlook 2002, National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE)

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7 survival skills in the 21st century;

1.Critical thinking and problem solving;

2.Collaboration across networks andleading by influence;

3.Agility and adaptability;

4.Initiative and entrepreneurship;5.Effective oral and written

communication;

6.Accessing and analyzing information;and

7. Curiosity and imagination.

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Di Malaysia, Kementerian telah mengenal pasti kemahiranabad ke-21 yang sesuai dengan konteks tempatan dan

dapat menyediakan warga Malaysia untuk bersaing pada

peringkat antarabangsa. Untuk itu, kurikulum kebangsaanbermatlamat untuk melahirkan murid yang seimbang,

berdaya tahan, bersemangat ingin tahu, berprinsip,

bermaklumat,patriotik, serta mempunyai kemahiran

berfikir berkomunikasi, dan bekerja secara berpasukan

KEMAHIRAN ABAD KE 21-KPM

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KURIKULUM

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Pembelajaran abad ke-20

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Pembelajaran abad ke-21

Dipimpin guruArahan langsungPengetahuanKandunganKemahiran asas

TeoriKurikulumIndividuBilik darjahPentaksiran sumatif

Belajar untuk sekolah

Berasaskan muridPembelajaran kolaboratifKemahiranProsesPemikiran Aras Tinggi

PraktikalKemahiran hidupBerkumpulanKomunitiPentaksiran formatif

Belajar untuk kehidupan

Keseimbangan

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“sekolah harus menyediakan peluang pendidikandengan kurikulum berasaskan projek yangautentik dengan keadaan kehidupan sebenar,melibatkan murid menangani dan menyelesaikanmasalah kehidupan sebenar serta isu yangpenting dalam kehidupan sejagat. Pendidikanyang diberikan harus meningkatkan pengetahuandan kreativiti murid dan pada masa yang samamembolehkan murid berfikir, menaakul,membuat keputusan yang bijak, bekerja sebagai

ahli pasukan dan melihat perhubungan danperkaitan antara ilmu yang dipelajari merentaskurikulum.”

The American Association of School Administrators (AASA)

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Menggunakan teknologi

untuk mengakses,

mengurus, mengintegrasi

dan menilai maklumat,

menjana maklumat baru

dan berkomunikasidengan orang lain

Kemahiran

hidup &

kerjaya

Kemahiran

Teknologi

Maklumat,

Komunikasi &

Media

Standard

Pentaksiran

Kurikulum

Pembangunan Profesional

Persekitaran Pembelajaran

• Literasi Maklumat• Literasi Media

• Literasi Teknologi

Maklumat & Komunikasi)

•Kebolehsuaian &

fleksibel

•Mempunyai inisiatif dan

terarah kendiri

•Kemahiran sosial dan

antara budaya•Produktiviti &

akauntabiliti

• Tanggungjawab dan

kepimpinan

•Kreativiti & Inovasi

•Pemikiran Kritis dan

Penyelesaian Masalah

•Komunikasi & Kolaborasi

Standard kemahiran

Mata pelajaran teras

dan tema Abad ke-21

Kemahiran belajar &

Inovasi

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“Kandungan” bagi Abad ke-21

Kurikulum Teras + Tema

• Kesedaran global• Literasi kewangan, ekonomi, perdagangan dan

keusahawanan• Literasi sivik• Kesedaran Alam Sekitar• Kesedaran tentang

aspek kesihatan & kesejahteraan

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http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/world/worlds.htmhttp://www.fundraw.com/clipart/clip-art/00004415/Simple-Capitol/http://www.stockxpert.com/browse.phtml?f=view&id=567798


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Kemahiran belajar abad ke-21

• Kemahiran Maklumat & Komunikasi

– Literasi maklumat & media

– Kemahiran berkomunikasi

• Kemahiran Berfikir Dan Menyelesaikan Masalah

– Pemikiran kritikal dan Bersistem

– Penyelesaian Masalah

– Kreativiti & Semangat Meneroka

• Kemahiran Interpersonal & Arah Kendiri

– Kemahiran Interpersonal dan Kolaborasi

– Arah Kendiri

– Akauntabiliti & adaptasi

– Tanggungjawab Sosial

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Perubahan kepada hasrat pendidikan

Konteks pembelajaran baru membawa perubahan kepada apa yang

dijangkakan melalui pendidikan dan ini melibatkan:

– Kebolehan berkomunikasi

– Kebolehsesuaian untuk berubah

– Kebolehan bekerja dalam pasukan

– Kesediaan menyelesaikan masalah – Kebolehan menganalisis dan mengkonsepsikan

– Kebolehan membuat refleksi dan menambah baik

– Kebolehan mengurus kendiri

– Kebolehan mencipta, membuat inovasi dan mengkritik

– Kebolehan untuk belajar sepanjang hayat

– Kebolehan untuk mahir dalam pelbagai bidang (cross specialist )

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Kurikulum yang direkabentuk menuntut

kita untuk membuat pilihan tentang apakah

yang penting pada masa kini bagi

membantu pelajar untuk masa depanmereka.

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CIRI-CIRI INSAN MURID YANG DIHASRATKAN

Kreatif

Berupaya Membuat Hubung-kait Menyoal

Bijak berkomunikasi

Yakin – mengambil risiko

Dahagakan ilmu

Ingin tahu

Menjana idea

Fleksibel

Tidak berputus asa

Mendengar dan membuat refleksi

Kritikal

Berkemahiran

mampu mencorak

Menguasai kemahiran literasi

Berani Mencuba

Mampu berfikir sendiri

Membuat inisiatif Mampu bekerja dengan orang lain

Membuat perubahan

berintegriti

Berkeperibadian tinggi

Semangat ‘ sentiasa boleh’

Belajar dari kesilapan

Berdikari

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RUANG

BILIK DARJAH

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Nair and Fielding,

“the ‘early 20th century school design

standard (was) modeled after Henry Ford’s

factory production methods’. Model T.”

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http://www.designshare.com/index.php/design-patterns/traditional-classroomhttp://www.designshare.com/index.php/design-patterns/traditional-classroom


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It is a philosophy that starts with the assumption

that a predetermined number of students will all

learn the same thing at the same time from the

same person in the same way in the same place

for several hours each day.

(Nair, Fielding); The Language of School Design: Design Patterns

for 21st Century Scho ols

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21

st

century

classroom

setting

To alignphysical;

learning spacewith mentallearning space

Students

activelyengaged with

their ownlearning

Developinglearning

autonomy

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Design for multiple rhythms in the same classroom

Allow every one to be seen and heads

Take advantage of new media

Support the dynamic presentation of information

Design for mentoring and apprenticeship

Design for temporary ownership of space

DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM

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Campfire

A way to learnfrom experts or

storytellers

Watering hole

Learning prompeers

For small groupdiscourse andcollaboration

Cave

Places to learnfrom yourself

For individual study,refelction, quietreading and creativeflow

PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS

Collin, Steve; Classroom for the 21

st

century

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Campfire

A way tolearn fromexperts or

storytellers

Wateringhole

Learningprom peers

For smallgroupdiscourseandcollaboration

Cave

Places tolearn fromyourself

For individualstudy,refelction,quiet readingand creativeflow

Life

Where youbring it alltogether andapply is as in

the realworld

PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS

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1) Student-centric:

- students play an active role in their learning

and teachers serve as mere guides.

- Put students’ interests first and are focused

on each student’s needs, abilities and learning

styles.

THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21

ST

CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:

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2 ) Computing devices:

- Computers are readily available in modern

classrooms, since they are essential tools for

21st century students and replace the utilities

of pen and paper.

- Computing devices greatly assist in teaching

and learning and make them more engaging

and effective.

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21

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3) Active learning:

In modern classrooms, students are actively

engaged in what they learn. Students

participate in more active learning by working

in groups or on computers and complete

projects and other interesting activities that

help them discover new skills.

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4) Adaptive learning:

Any classroom will always have students of

different types of learning abilities in it which

often makes it difficult for teachers to make

sure that all of them understand the concepts.

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5) Invitational environment:

The classrooms should not be cramped or

overcrowded. Modern classrooms should have

the basic material required for teaching such

as, interactive whiteboards and LCD projectors

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21

ST


6) Students understand and follow the rules

and procedures:

The learning environment is carefully planned

and well-organized. Class rules, procedures,

and notices of upcoming activities are posted

in convenient places to help students stay on

track.

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21

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7 ) Mutual respect:

- Teachers and students should always have

respect for each other.

- teachers should encourage students to speak

with confidence and value their opinions

- students should also co-operate with and

respect their classmates.

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21

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8) Students take responsibility of their

learning: As students are encouraged to

actively participate in their own learning, they

become responsible for their learning

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21

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9) Performance-based assessments:

Regular performance-based assessments are

carried out by teachers through various

methods which are not restricted to tests.

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21

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10) Collaborative learning:

Learning through collaboration is one of the

most effective forms of learning .

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CAMPFIRE

WATERING HOLE

CAVE

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GURU

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From primary role as a dispenser of

information to orchestrator of learningand helping students turn information into

knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom.

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