KEEPING CEMENT MASONS SAFE - eLCOSHFALLS FROM LADDERS •Use ladders only for what they were made...
Transcript of KEEPING CEMENT MASONS SAFE - eLCOSHFALLS FROM LADDERS •Use ladders only for what they were made...
KEEPING CEMENT MASONS SAFE:PREVENTING FALLS, STRUCK BY and CAUGHT
BETWEEN ACCIDENTS
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GOALS OF THIS CLASS
• You will understand:
– The causes of falls, struck-by and caught-between accidents in cement work
– How they happen
• You will be able to: Reduce your risk of falls, struck by and
caught-between accidentsAccidents are preventable! 2
What’s wrong here?
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW AND DO TO LAST IN THIS PROFESSION
• Proper use of scaffolds and ladders
• Safety around moving vehicles and equipment
• Preventing falls
• Avoiding what can hit you
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What’s wrong here?
Accidents are preventable!
CEMENT MASONS REPORTED INJURY RATES2006-2008
ERGONOMIC46%
STRUCK BY20%
FALLS18%
CAUGHT IN3%
OTHER13%
4Source: Washington State Department of Labor and Industries
CEMENT MASONSFALL, STRUCK BY, CAUGHT IN INJURIES 2006-2008
FALLS44%
STRUCK BY48%
CAUGHT IN8%
5Source: Washington State Department of Labor and Industries
FALL FROM LADDERS9%
FALL PLATFORMS7%
FALL FROM ROOF2%
FALL FROM VEHICLES14%
FALL INTO OPENINGS4%
FALL ON STAIRS2%
FALL LOWER LEVEL17%
FALL WORK SURFACE28%
SAME LEVEL NEC3%
SAME LEVEL UNS14%
CEMENT MASON FALLS 2006-2008
6Source: Washington State Department of Labor and Industries
FALLS
Falls are a major source of Cement Mason injuries, but they are preventable!
7Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM PLATFORMS
• CHECK THE GROUND CONDITION– Too firm or too soft?– Frozen? It might thaw and begin to
sink.
• Is the base of the scaffold or lift level?
• Is it supported on proper adjustable stands?
• If it is a rolling scaffold, are the castor locks in good working order and locked when not being moved?
RULES FOR SCAFFOLDS AND LIFTS
8Accidents are preventable!
RULES FOR SCAFFOLDING• Scaffolding must be able to support at least four times
its intended load
• Anyone working in the vicinity of the scaffolding or on the scaffolding must wear a hard hat
• Anyone constructing or operating scaffolding must be certified 9Accidents are preventable!
RULES FOR SCAFFOLDING
• Scaffolding platforms must be kept as clear as possible
• Do not use scaffolding in bad weather conditions like high winds, snow or icy conditions
10Accidents are preventable!
RULES FOR SCAFFOLDING and LIFTS
• Never remain on the scaffold when it is being moved
• Must be checked daily
• If moving, secure all tools and materials
Accidents are preventable!
Use a hoist to haul tools, equipment or any loads up to and down from the scaffold.
Keep both hands free for you
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What’s wrong here?
• Safe access to the scaffolding must be provided --avoid the need to climb over cross bracing.
RULES FOR SCAFFOLDING
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What’s wrong here?
Accidents are preventable!
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MINIMUM Safe Distances from High Voltage Sources & Power Lines
Power line voltagephase to phase (kV)
Minimum safeclearance (feet)
50 or below 10
Above 50 to 200 15
Above 200 to 350 20
Above 350 to 500 25
Above 500 to 750 35
Above 750 to 1,000 45
RULES FOR SCAFFOLDING
Accidents are preventable!
RULES FOR POWER LINES: NOT JUST FOR SCAFFOLDS
14Accidents are preventable!
REVIEW: SCAFFOLD RULES• DO NOT use damaged or distorted parts on any scaffold. • DO NOT allow anyone to be on scaffolds when they are feeling weak, sick, or
dizzy. • DO NOT work from any part of the scaffold other than the platform. • DO NOT alter the scaffold or any of its parts. • DO NOT move a scaffold horizontally while workers are on it, unless it is a
mobile scaffold and the proper procedures are followed. • DO NOT allow employees to work on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other
slippery materials. • DO NOT erect, use, alter, or move scaffolds within 10 feet of overhead power
lines. • DO NOT use shore or lean-to scaffolds. • DO NOT swing loads near or onto scaffolds unless properly controlled by a tag
line(s) -- and the load does not exceed the scaffold’s capacity. • DO NOT work on scaffolds in bad weather or high winds unless you determine
that doing so is safe. • DO NOT use ladders, boxes, barrels, or other makeshift contraptions to gain
additional height on your work platform. • DO NOT let unused or scrap material accumulate on the platforms. • DO NOT put more weight (including you) on a scaffold than it is designed to
hold.15Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM LIFTS AND PLATFORMS
Scissors Lift Topples
16Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM LIFTS AND PLATFORMS
17Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM LIFTS AND PLATFORMS
Accidents are preventable! 18
FALLS FROM PLATFORMS
Accidents are preventable! 19
What prevents the
lift wheel from falling
into the hole?
FALLS FROM LIFTS AND PLATFORMS
20Accidents are preventable!
FALLS TO WORK SURFACE
Caused by slipping, tripping or falling while walking or working:
• On unstable, loose or uneven, or oily surfaces
• In slippery, wet , or muddy conditions
• By tripping over obstacles, objects, materials or scrap
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What’s wrong here? Name the obstacles.
Accidents are preventable!
KNOW WHERE YOU ARE AT ALL TIMES
• Know your surroundings when walking – Be aware of tools and materials in walking/working areas,
especially pneumatic or electric tools with hoses and cords
22Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM LADDERS
• Keep manufactured and job-made ladders in good condition
• Inspect ladders beforeeach use. Look for broken rungs or other defects. Destroy or repair defective ladders.
• Place ladders at the proper angle (1 foot out from the base for every 4 feet of vertical rise) 23Accidents are preventable!
Secure ladders near the top and/or at the bottom to prevent them from slipping
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What’s wrong here? Is this safe?
Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM LADDERS
Building it on site?Make it safe!
25Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM LADDERS
• Extend ladders at least 3 feet above the landing to provide a handhold and for balance when getting on and off the ladder from other surfaces
26Accidents are preventable!
Use a hoist to move materials and equipment.
KEEP BOTH HANDS FREE FOR YOU
FALLS FROM LADDERS
27Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM LADDERS
• Use ladders only for what they were made – DO NOT USE as a platform, runway, or as scaffold planks.
• Always face the ladder and maintain 3 points of contact when climbing a ladder
• Do not set up a ladder near passageways or high traffic areas where it could be knocked over.
28Accidents are preventable!
Does your ladder placement mean a fall PAST other safeguards?
29Accidents are preventable!
FALLS SAME LEVEL• Wear the proper foot gear.• Walk slowly and never run on slick
ground.• Test potentially slick areas by
tapping your foot on them.• Keep walkways clear of water, ice,
oil and slippery materials.
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• Watch for tripping hazards.• Always be sure that you can see over your
load.• Keep your eyes on where you are going.
FALLS SAME LEVEL
31Accidents are preventable!
FALLS SAME LEVEL
• Avoid tripping hazards
• Any change in elevation is a major source of tripping.– Even a change of ¼ - ½ “ can
cause a trip.
– Curbs, cracks, single steps are all hazards.
• When these helpful hints don't work, and you know you are going to slip, try to reduce your potential injury when falling by:• Roll with the fall.• Relax as much as possible when you begin to fall.• Toss the load you are carrying. Protect yourself instead of the
objects being carried.
32Accidents are preventable!
• Prevent or mark jutting material that may not be seen when walking quickly or with vision obscured (carrying materials or tools)
33Accidents are preventable!
FALLS AGAINST OBJECTS
34Accidents are preventable!
What’s missing here?
• USE REBAR CAPS AND GUARDS
FALLS AGAINST OBJECTS
35Accidents are preventable!
FALLS AGAINST OBJECTS
MAYBE JUST ONE WILL DO?
36Accidents are preventable!
FALLS AGAINST OBJECTS
37Accidents are preventable!
What are the hazards in this picture? Are they corrected?
FALL AGAINST OBJECTS
38Accidents are preventable!
FALL AGAINST OBJECTS
THOSE MUDDY BOOTS COULD NEVER SLIP, RIGHT?
39Accidents are preventable!
What is missing here?
FALLS TO LOWER LEVEL
• Install guardrails around openings in floors and across openings in walls when the fall distance is 6 feet or more – Make sure top rails can
withstand a 200-lb load – Construct guardrails
with a top rail approximately 42” high and with a mid-rail about half that high (21”)
Floor and Wall Openings
40Accidents are preventable!
FALLS TO LOWER LEVEL
• Cover all floor openings larger than 2” x 2”with material that can safely support at least twice the anticipated working load
• Secure and mark the cover
41Accidents are preventable!
FALLS TO LOWER LEVEL
• There is no excuse for not covering and securing and marking every floor and roof opening, regardless of size
• It’s actually better to build a guard rail around the opening so that it can be seen
42Accidents are preventable!
FALLS TO LOWER LEVEL
43Accidents are preventable!
FALLS INTO OPENINGS
HOW MUCH PROTECTION DOES CAUTION TAPE PROVIDE? 44
FALLS TO LOWER LEVEL
HOW MUCH PROTECTION IS THIS BARRIER PROVIDING?
45Accidents are preventable!
FALLS TO LOWER LEVEL
46Accidents are preventable!
FALLS TO LOWER LEVEL
47Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM VEHICLES• Step - don't jump - from vehicles or equipment
• Do not board or depart any vehicle or equipment that is moving• Watch where you park!
48Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM STAIRS
• Do not store materials on stairways
• Keep hazardous projections (such as materials, protruding nails, large splinters, etc.) off stairs, treads or handrails
• Correct slippery conditions on stairways before they are used
49Accidents are preventable!
FALLS FROM STAIRS
• Keep all cords, hoses and welding leads off the stair treads and risers
• Keep stairs clear of debris
50Accidents are preventable!
Could you see this hazard?
PREVENT TRIPPING• Keep walkways and stairways clear of trash and
debris• Keep boxes, scrap lumber and other materials
picked up
51Accidents are preventable!
How many ways to trip can you see?
PREVENT TRIPPINGWHAT COULD YOU DO? OR DO BETTER?
52Accidents are preventable!
PREVENT TRIPPING
• Keep tools and supplies out of traffic areas
• Provide enough light for workers to see and to prevent accidents
53Accidents are preventable!
54Accidents are preventable!
TESTIMONIALS BY PEOPLE WHO HAVE HAD TO LEAVE THE
PROFESSION DUE TO SERIOUS INJURY FROM FALLS
Kuhlman Corp
55Accidents are preventable!
CEMENT MASONS STRUCK BY INJURY RATES2006-2008
ERGONOMIC46%
STRUCK BY20%
FALLS18%
CAUGHT IN3%
OTHER13%
56Source: Washington State Department of Labor and Industries
CEMENT MASONS STRUCK BY AND AGAINST INJURIES 2006-2008
STRCK AGAINST STILL OBJECT
7%
STRUCKAGAINST
13%
STRUCK BY FALLINGOBJECT 25%
STRUCK BY NEC48%
STRUCK BY UNS7%
Source: Washington State Department of Labor and Industries 57
STRUCK BY/AGAINST
Struck by/against: • impact of a part of the body against something or • hit by a moving or flying objects• or by noise (noise impacts the ear drum)
When a worker is • hit by work tools, • by construction materials, • by a vehicle, by equipment
such as a backhoe bucket, • by flying debris, • by earth during a trench
collapse, or • by any other object
58Accidents are preventable!
STRUCK BY/AGAINST
• Never work under a vehicle or equipment that is supported only by a jack or stand. The jack or stand could tip, and the raised equipment then will be dropped on the person under it.
• When helping someone to hitch equipment or an implement to a truck or tractor, stand to the side. That way, the driver can see you. Also, you won’t be between the truck and the equipment.
59Accidents are preventable!
STRUCK BY/AGAINST
60Accidents are preventable!
STRUCK BY/AGAINST
61Accidents are preventable!
STRUCK BY/AGAINST
62Accidents are preventable!
STRUCK BY/AGAINST
63Accidents are preventable!
STRUCK BY/AGAINST
64Accidents are preventable!
Who has potential for being struck on this site? Struck by what?
STRUCK BY/AGAINST
Concrete can “burp back” from the hopper
Stay back from the hopper of the concrete pump.
65Accidents are preventable!
CEMENT MASONS CAUGHT IN INJURIES 2006-2008
CAUGHT INMESHING OBJ
39%
CAUGHT IN/UNDR/BETWN
61%
66Source: Washington State Department of Labor and Industries
CAUGHT IN & CAUGHT BETWEEN
Reasons Caught-In and Caught-Between Accidents Happen
• Working on moving equipment
• Working under mental or physical stress
• Using unsafe equipment
• Lack of training or instructions
• Inadequate guarding on machines
• Incorrect hitching practices
• Distraction
CAUGHT IN/UNDER/BETWEEN - a part of the body is squeezed, pinched or crushed in machinery or materials
67Accidents are preventable!
CAUGHT BETWEEN
68Accidents are preventable!
CAUGHT BETWEEN• Never assume that the driver of a vehicle or
equipment operator SEES YOU.
• Vehicle and equipment operators must always look in the direction of travel.
69Accidents are preventable!
CAUGHT BETWEEN
• Always install safety locks or other safeguards before getting under or between two objects that have the potential of trapping you.
• While unloading or working on equipment, the wheels of equipment need to be pinned to hold them stationary. – This procedure is called chocking. Position chocks to prevent vehicles
from inadvertently moving in any direction.
Pixxzle/iStockPhoto
70Accidents are preventable!
CAUGHT IN/BETWEEN• Safeguard against contact with moving
machine parts.
• Shut off power, perform lockout/tagout, and release any remaining energy before unjamming, servicing, lubricating, or adjusting machinery.
• Replace guards after servicing and before resuming use of equipment.
71Accidents are preventable!
Avoid wearing jewelry and tattered or loose clothing around machinery, and wear hair short or tucked inside clothing
CAUGHT BETWEEN
72Accidents are preventable!
• Avoid stepping or reaching across running equipment or machinery.
TESTIMONIALS BY PEOPLE WHO HAVE HAD TO LEAVE THE
PROFESSION DUE TO SERIOUS INJURY FROM BEING STRUCK BY OR CAUGHT IN
Accidents are preventable!
Hoover Dam
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