Issue 28

REPORTERROSLIN

2013 has been a busy year at The Roslin Institute. This issue of the Roslin Reporter catches up with the events of the second half of the year. We’re sure 2014 will be just as busy

Inside this issue:

Director’s Message

Roslin In The News

Other News

Recent Publications

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Page 3

Page 8

Page 26

Make no bones about it – Roslin student young investigator success

Donxing Zhu and Karla Oldknow were both awarded new investigator awards

from the Bone Research Society (BRS). The awards were presented at the BRS annual meeting in Oxford. It has been a successful month for Karla Oldknow (above) who was also awarded an

December 2013

American Society of Bone and Mineral Reach (ASBMR) Young Investigator Award. This award recognises young investigators who submit top-ranking abstracts to an ASBMR Meeting and was presented in Baltimore at the annual meeting President’s Dessert Reception.

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DirectorsMessage

Fiona

Tanja

The Easter Bush Campus, where The Roslin Institute is based along with the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, continues to attract capital investment, with recent commitments by the University of Edinburgh to build an energy centre and upgrade other infrastructure.2013 saw the launch of the National Avian Research Facility (NARF) with completion of the first of two buildings from which its facilities will be run. Alan Hart, who joined us to coordinate NARF activities, has written an article for this newsletter describing what NARF will be providing to the UK and worldwide so I won’t say much more. It is worth noting though that the NARF is an excellent example of join activities between The Roslin Institute and sister institutes elsewhere in the National Institutes for Bioscience family. NARF provides outstanding opportunities for us to work with The Pirbright Institute and to create joint avian research programmes that will benefit the UK through increased output and interaction with industry.The next large project is the £25 million Research Incubator Building (funded by

Well, it has been a busy year at The Roslin Institute, but it has been productive and

we have much to be proud of. 2013 has been a record year for publications at The Roslin Institute with much of our research making headlines around the world. Our grant income is still strong despite the inevitable pressures imposed as a result of the funding freeze that has hit our key funders. The new strategic focus by government on agriculture and the agriculture-focussed calls that have become available give reasonable cause for optimism into the future. This time last year I noted the beginnings of discussions about the formation of Edinburgh Genomics, a new partnership combining the expertise and technical strengths of Roslin’s ARK Genomics (supported by the BSBRC) and the University of Edinburgh’s GenePool (supported by the MRC and NERC). Edinburgh Genomics was formed in the latter half of this year and the official announcement was made this month. It is the UK’s second largest next generation sequencing centre by output providing crucial underpinning to our research in livestock genetics and genomics, epidemiology and diagnostics, and also links to major investment and shared initiatives with EPCC, the University’s Advanced Computing Facility As ever we are continuing to recruit to expand and strengthen the research portfolio. In the second half of 2013 I am delighted to have welcomed two new group leaders.

Professor Tanja Opriessnig, who has taken the Chair in Infectious Disease Pathology, joins the Institute’s Infection and Immunity Division wherein she will pursue her research which focuses on the infectious and non-infectious diseases of swine with a view to providing applicable answers on current research questions for swine veterinarians and producers.

Joining the Neurobiology Division we welcome Dr Fiona Houston whose research will contribute to the Division’s work in the area of prion biology (BSE in cattle and scrapie in sheep).

BBSRC, Scottish Government and UoE) that will provide co-location opportunities to industry partners, spin-out companies and new research centres, with projected completion in early 2016. It will include the Midlothian Science Centre, which will offer a teaching laboratory facility for development of a schools and public outreach programme that will stretch across Midlothian, Edinburgh and into the neighbouring regions. There are also a number of funding proposals and designs on my desk for The Centre for Comparative Pathology, integrating diagnostic, training and imaging resources for Human, Experimental Animal, Companion Animal and Livestock, a Large Animal Research and Imaging Complex to underpin both livestock/veterinary research and the development and application of large animal models for biomedical research, which will include a Research Centre for Health, Welfare and Rehabilitation of Racehorses for which we are currently seeking philanthropic support, and a new Clinical Research Unit to be embedded within the veterinary hospitals’ infrastructure to promote clinical translation. With Easter Bush Research Consortium and industry partners the University of Edinburgh’s Easter Bush Campus is destined for expansion projects that will offer outstanding new opportunities for translation of our research and contribution to the Food Security agenda.I believe I will enjoy my festive break a little more than usual this year as I use it to recover from the major project that was our submission to the Research Excellence Framework 2014 (REF2014) exercise. REF2014 is the Higher Education Funding Council’s system for assessing the quality of research in UK higher education institutions. I, David Argyle (head of R(D)SVS) and Geoff Simm (Vice Principal (Research) at SRUC) spent a good proportion of 2013 putting together the University of Edinburgh/SRUC submission to the Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Science REF2014. Of-course the real bulk of the work was done by Tricia Hart (Roslin/R(D)SVS) and Darren Watt (SRUC) as well as many others within the University and SRUC. It is debatable whether the process has any intrinsic benefit, but hopefully it will assure our core SFC funding for the next five years and it highlighted the synergies and opportunities between Roslin/R(D)SVS and SRUC.I’ll finish up with good wishes for the festive period and I look forward to working with you in 2014.

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Roslin in the News

Researchers at The Roslin Institute have used novel technologies to target specific

changes in the pig genome. Gene mutation is the central pillar of the process of evolution. In nature, gene mutation is a random process with natural selection leading to the diversity of life forms we currently enjoy on our planet. In essence, this process is a natural but random form of genome engineering. Research at The Roslin Institute, through international collaboration with colleagues at the Universities of Minnesota and Texas A&M, demonstrates that novel hybrid enzymes - called TALENs - can be used to target mutation to specific sequences of the pig genome. TALENs are a type of DNA editor that causes site-specific cleavage of the genome. This is followed by repair of the DNA cut site by the cells natural DNA repair mechanism. This repair mechanism is error prone – hence the generation of mutations at the TALEN directed cleavage site. This innovative technology combines efficiency and precision – this combination enabling pre-determined, accurate changes to the genome of pigs. Professor Bruce Whitelaw, who led The Roslin Institute team contributing to this research, said, “The TALEN technology leaves no mark in the genome beyond mutation of a predetermined site within the genome - we are just mimicking an evolutionary process with precise, man-made genome editors.” In parallel to providing new academic research streams, this technology enables novel genetic applications in the animal breeding and animal biotechnology industries.

Precision genome engineering in animals

Professor Whitelaw’s team is now focussing on using this innovative technology to enhance resilience to infectious disease in livestock. He said, “DNA editors are poised to change both how we perform genome engineering in livestock and how the various stakeholder communities view this technology.” The study, published in Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, was funded by Genus plc, Recombinetics Inc and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).Carlson et al (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci 109, 17382-17387.

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Roslin Institute scientists are part of a collaborative group that has reported that

vaccinating cattle against the E. coli O157 bacterium could cut the number of human cases of the disease by 85%. The E. coli O157 bacterium, which causes severe gastrointestinal illness and even death in humans, is spread by consuming contaminated food and water, or by contact with livestock faeces in the environment. Cattle are the main reservoir for the bacterium.The vaccines that are available for cattle are rarely used, but the latest study suggests the public health benefits could be significant. The research was led by a team of researchers at the University of Glasgow in collaboration with the University of Edinburgh, the Royal Veterinary College, Scotland’s Rural College, Health Protection Scotland, and the Scottish E. coli O157/VTEC Reference Laboratory. The study, published online in the journal PNAS (http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/09/10/1304978110) used veterinary, human and molecular data to examine the risks of E. coli O157 transmission from cattle to humans, and to estimate the impact of vaccinating cattle. The risk of E. coli O157 infection is particularly significant when the cattle are ‘super-shedding’ – excreting extremely high numbers of bacteria in their faeces for a limited period of time. Vaccines against the bacteria exist that can reduce super-shedding. As a consequence, the researchers predict that vaccinating cattle could reduce human cases

by nearly 85 percent, far higher than the 50 percent predicted by studies simply looking at the efficacy of current vaccines in cattle. These figures provide strong support for the adoption of vaccines by the livestock industry, and work is now underway to establish the economic basis for such a programme of vaccination. Lead author, Dr Louise Matthews, Senior Research Fellow in the Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, said: “E. coli O157 is a serious gastrointestinal illness. The economic impact is also serious – for instance studies in the US suggest that healthcare, lost productivity and food product recalls due to E. coli O157 can cost hundreds of millions of dollars each year.Prof. David Gally at the University of Edinburgh’s The Roslin Institute, who collaborated on the research stated, “Our study also shows that E. coli producing the toxin type that causes the most serious and potentially lethal symptoms in humans is also associated with super-shedding from cattle. The more we discover about how the bacteria colonise cattle, the more we are able to target these processes to improve vaccines”. Research is ongoing in Scotland by the same collaborative group to develop better vaccines against E. coli. In Scotland, an average of 235 culture positive cases of E. coli O157 infection per year (i.e. people who had the organism in their stools) were notified to Health Protection Scotland from 2008 to 2012. The vaccines that are available currently have

poor take-up: one version in the US is not fully licensed because medicines for veterinary use must show that animal health is improved. This is problematic because E. coli O157 does not harm cattle and assessing the impact of treatment involves coordination between human and veterinary health practitioners. Senior author Professor Stuart Reid of the Royal Veterinary College added: “We increasingly recognise the fact that we share a common environment with the animals we keep – and inevitably the pathogens they harbour. This study is an excellent example the interface between veterinary and human medicine and of the concept of ‘One Health’ in action – controlling infections in animals can have a major impact on public health.” The study was funded by the Wellcome Trust International Partnership Award in Veterinary Epidemiology, BBSRC Institute Strategic Programmes at The Roslin Institute and The Pirbright Institute and the Foods Standards Agency Scotland.

Vaccinatingcattle againstenterohaemorrhagicE. coli O157 could cuthuman cases by 85%

David

Zoetis and The Roslin Institutecollaborate to control Salmonella

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Zoetis Inc., formerly the animal health business unit of Pfizer Inc., and The Roslin

Institute at the University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, have announced a collaboration for research of Salmonella in cattle. The Roslin Institute has received funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) to support collaborative research with Zoetis that will bring valuable industry knowledge and input into its academic research program. For three years, the BBSRC will contribute 80 percent of funding for the study — close to $1 million — and Zoetis will not only provide the remaining 20 percent of funding but also provide in-kind services via research materials and expertise.Researchers at The Roslin Institute and Zoetis will jointly investigate how Salmonella enters and persists within the bovine lymphatic system and can lead to contamination of beef for human consumption. The team of researchers from The Roslin Institute — which is incorporated within the Royal (Dick) School

of Veterinary Studies — includes Professor Mark Stevens, Professor John Hopkins and Dr Jayne Hope. They are collaborating with Charles Cornell, MS, technical lead for the Cattle Food Safety Vaccine franchise, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development at Zoetis. The Roslin Institute research team will work with Zoetis to help develop and implement solutions to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella in meat. “Salmonella infections in cattle are significant for two reasons,” Professor Stevens said. “The bacteria can cause gastroenteritis and abortion in the animals, thereby harming their productivity and welfare, and contamination of beef and the farm environment can lead to infections in people. “Cattle are a significant source of human Salmonella infections,” he added. “Although the animal’s lymphatic system normally helps fight infection, some types of Salmonella have adapted to evade the immune system and survive in lymph nodes. “A key gap in our knowledge is how Salmonella enters the lymphatic system in the first place and then persists within it, constraining our ability to design strategies to control infection,” Professor Stevens continued. “We will examine the role of host and bacterial factors in this process and use the results of our research study to identify new and better targets that could help us control Salmonella infections in cattle.”

Confocal micrograph of a bovine intestinal villus (nuclei labelled blue) early after infection with Salmonella Typhimurium (red; A). The bacteria initially invade via enterocytes and M cells but are later found inside lamina propria MHC class II+ cells (green; B). The temporal and spatial role of tens of bacterial genes can be simultaneously evaluated as infection spreads by following the fate of signature-tagged mutants (detected as black spots), for example by capturing tagged bacteria via cannulae placed in blood or lymphatic vessels.

“Funding from the BBSRC allows The Roslin Institute to work strategically with Zoetis on important Salmonella research in cattle, which impacts animal and human health and safety of the food supply across the globe,” said Michelle Haven, DVM, PhD, senior vice president, Corporate Development, Alliances and Solutions at Zoetis. “Salmonella remains a health concern worldwide and is estimated to cause about 94 million cases of foodborne disease in humans and 155,000 deaths1 each year,” Dr. Haven said. “This study is fundamental for developing intervention strategies. We’re excited and committed to being at the forefront of these discoveries, working closely with our academic and industry partners, to identify issues and solutions for safe food now and in the future as we work together to feed the world’s growing population.” Professor Stevens added that “Zoetis is an ideal partner for Salmonella research.“Zoetis will provide a link between our basic research and commercialization,” he said. “This study will add value to future studies at The Roslin Institute of other infectious diseases of food-producing animals.” Zoetis has been an industry partner on a variety of research programs with the BBSRC since 2008 to help advance understanding of critical animal diseases and develop new solutions for those who raise food animals.

Mark

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Scientists at The Roslin Institute have helped show that an ‘Asian’ elephant foetus used to

name the species is actually African. A recent study has revealed that Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus unwittingly combined two different species of elephant when he created the first description of an Asian elephant in the 18th century. The study, published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, involved researchers from The Roslin Institute and a host of international collaborators.Naming System Linnaeus is considered the father of taxonomy - the system for naming all living things. When he first came up with the name Elephas maximus, Linnaeus used two elephant examples as his reference points. One was a five cm-long pickled foetus in a jar from the collection of one of his contemporaries, Albertus Seba. The other was a Latin description of an elephant written by John Ray, a British naturalist who studied at Trinity College, Cambridge.Species Blueprint Seba published a thesaurus of animal specimens in 1734. His elephant became known as the Asian elephant type specimen, which scientists have used ever since as the baseline reference for identifying the endangered species. The international team of scientists has now discovered that Seba’s elephant is actually an

Roslin team helps solve elephant riddle

African elephant by analysing the DNA of the foetus.The most prominent differences between Asian and African elephants are that African elephants have bigger ears, are generally larger and have more wrinkled skin.Museum Discovery The African elephant, Loxodonta africana, wasn’t identified as a separate species to Elephas maximus until 1797 by German naturalist Johann Blumenbach, 60 years after Seba’s work. The team then tracked down the elephant described by Ray to a skeleton still on show in the Museum of Natural History in Florence. By analysing DNA from a bone fragment, the team can confidently say the skeleton is the true type specimen for the Asian elephant Elephas maximus.Famous Elephant The team is almost 100 per cent certain that this is the skeleton of Hansken, a female Asian elephant. She became a travelling curiosity at the time and was known to have died in Florence in 1655. Although Ray only saw the skeleton of Hansken, the great Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn painted the elephant from life when he saw it in Amsterdam in 1637. This now means that Rembrandt’s paintings and sketches are the original and correct portrayal of the type specimen of an Asian elephant.

This is one of several drawings by Rembrandt of female elephants in different

poses. This elephant may even be one called ‘Hansken’, a female despite her name, known to have been in Holland in 1641. Behind and to the right of the animal are the outlines of three figures, perhaps a family with a child. The drawing, in black chalk and charcoal, shows a clear mastery of form and technique. Most of the animal is outlined with a long thin line. Rembrandt used black chalk in short broken strokes to convey the texture of the elephant’s rough wrinkled skin, the ragged ear and curling trunk. In the darkest shadows of the ear and neck he used charcoal to reinforce their depth, an unusual technique for the artist. The elephant’s trunk and the family have a broader outline. While Rembrandt drew animals for use in his paintings and etchings, this charming elephant does not appear in any known work. Clearly made from life, it stands on its own as an independent work of art.

Genome Insights The Roslin Institute researchers contributed to the study through the Institute’s state-of-the art genomics facilities, ARK-Genomics. In 2013, a group of UK scientists (including those in ARK Genomics) sequenced and published the genomes of two important viruses that infect Asian Elephants, known as Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus. The viral DNA used in the study was extracted from two infected Asian elephants. Because of the nature of such samples, the Roslin team sequenced about 5 per cent virus DNA and about 95 per cent Asian elephant DNA.Sharing DataAs news of the UK study spread, The Roslin Institute’s Mick Watson was approached by the Danish researchers asking if they could see the data from the Asian elephant. The virus researchers could never have predicted that data from the virus sequencing project would be used in such an interesting way. Mick Watson, Director of ARK Genomics says of the new research, “This work demonstrates how important it is that researchers deposit their scientific data in public databases, where it will be used by others in ways they could never have imagined. As well as being a great story of scientists piecing together scientific evidence spanning centuries, this is also a story about the power and importance of data-sharing.”

An elephant, drawing by Rembrandt, c. 1637© The Trustees of the British Museum

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Cattle can be a source of MRSA in peopleA type of MRSA found in humans originated

in cattle at least 40 years ago, new research has found. The study provides clear evidence that livestock were the original source of an MRSA strain which is now widespread in people.Researchers studied the genetic make-up of more than 40 strains of a bacterium – called Staphylococcus aureus – that can build up antibiotic resistance to develop into MRSA. At least two genetic subtypes of the bacterium, which have become endemic in people, have been traced back to cattle by the scientists, who are based at The Roslin Institute at The University of Edinburgh. Researchers say the most likely scenario is that the bug crossed over from cattle to people through direct contact – perhaps through people working with farm animals.

The research will help scientists find out how the bacteria are able to spread and cause disease in humans and to prevent further strains from jumping from livestock. After switching to human hosts, the Staphylococcus aureus - bacterium became resistant to the antibiotic methicillin and developed into methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - or MRSA. In addition, the bacteria acquired the ability to avoid attack by the human immune system. However, these bacteria that originated in cattle do not appear to be more aggressive or more resistant to antibiotics than other MRSA affecting humans.Lead researcher, Professor Ross Fitzgerald, of The Roslin Institute, said: “Human infections caused by bacteria being transmitted directly from livestock are well known to occur. However this is the first clear genetic evidence

of subtypes of Staph. aureus which jumped from cattle and developed the capacity to transmit widely among human populations’. The study is published in the journal mBio.Laura Spoor, of The Roslin Institute and first author on the research paper, added: “This research provides insight into how some strains of MRSA have evolved and help us better understand how they have adapted to cause disease in different host species.” The research was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and Swan-Riddell Ker Memorial PhD studentship. It involved The Roslin Institute, the University of Cambridge, National Food Institute Denmark, Public Health England and the Statens Serum Institute, Denmark.

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Other News

In recent months I have been asked a similar question from a number of people.

What is NARF? So, let me clarify what NARF is….The National Avian Research Facility (NARF) itself is much more than the sum of its parts and the physical infrastructure (The Greenwood Building and The Bumstead Building) that is currently being erected; it is a vibrant place of learning and discovery providing the avian research community with the facilities and tools to develop fruitful collaborations leading to better understanding and increased knowledge of avian species. The NARF business plan pulls together all aspects of NARF and provides a framework from which to develop NARF providing clear brand and corporate identity, affording confidence to funding agencies and industry to support the ongoing efforts of NARF.The breadth of our expertise, knowledge and technical abilities provides the research community with a rich seam to mine and with full engagement of all personnel NARF will easily fulfil its remit to provide the UK with a national facility. With continued support and active engagement from all involved, we have the ambition to drive NARF to be number one in the world for avian research.The astute among you will have noticed that we now have names for the two new avian units, I should explain…

The Greenwood Building(Phase2a)

(photograph courtesy of:http://libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk/towardsdolly/)

Phase2a will now be called The Greenwood Building, which is named after Dr Alan Greenwood, Founder and Director of the Poultry Research Centre, Edinburgh (1947-1962). Dr Greenwood moved to Edinburgh from Australia in the 1920s to work with Dr Francis Crew at the Institute of Animal Genetics (The Roslin Institute traces its origins back to the formation of that institute). He began his lifelong study of avian species and in particular chicken gaining his PhD in 1925 from the University of Edinburgh. In his early career he began a breeding programme to inbreed Brown Leghorn chickens to study a variety of traits such as egg weight, vigour and redness of plumage. The nine inbred lines he developed he studied for many years, however upon retirement these lines were intercrossed to form the J-line and those that work with poultry here at The Roslin Institute will know that the J-line is still alive and studied today. To honour his achievements it seemed most appropriate to name phase2a, The Greenwood Building. This provides a link with our past as we move forward with our future.

Phase2b will now be called the Bumstead Building. This is named after Dr Nat Bumstead, former Head of Avian Genetics Group, BBSRC Institute for Animal Health.Nat Bumstead laid the foundations and played a major influential role in establishing worldwide research on the genome of the chicken. He was a leading geneticist and accomplished researcher at the UK Institute for Animal Health and a pioneer who saw the tremendous importance of understanding links between genes, immunity and resistance to infectious diseases. Dr Bumstead carried out some of the first research with chickens to derive genetic maps of the genes that strongly influence their resistance to pathogens such as Salmonella and Marek’s disease virus and resistance to infectious diseases (British Poultry Science Volume 45, Number 3 (June 2004), pp. 437–438).The inbred chicken lines that Dr Bumstead studied throughout his research career will continue at NARF from 2014 where they will be housed in the Bumstead Building. Therefore, researchers from NARF will continue the work that Dr Bumstead started and will use this valuable resource to gain a greater understanding of gene function and disease resistance.

News from NARF!The Bumstead Building

(Phase2b)By Alan Hart (NARF Coordinator)

Alan

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NARF activitiesMinisterial Visit

On Monday 9th September the Rt Hon David Willetts MP, Minister for Science

and Universities visited The Roslin Institute and NARF. He was welcomed by Professor Sir Tim O’Shea (Principal of the University of Edinburgh), Professor David Hume (Director of The Roslin Institute), Professor Pete Kaiser (Director of NARF), Mr Richard Shaw (The Pirbright Institute) and Mr Steve Visscher (BBSRC). The minister was briefed on NARF’s remit and vision for the future. Mr Willetts visited the new avian unit where he learnt more about this new facility from NARF team members Dr Adrian Sherman, Dr Alan Hart, Dr Jemima Whyte and Professor Dave Burt. Mr Willetts then unveiled a plaque and addressed a small gathering of the great and the good from The Roslin Institute. The minister was a most engaging visitor interacting with many of the guests and the event was very successful so I thank all who were involved in the organisation and all who took part on the day.

September was a busy time for NARF with two launch events to coincide with the near completion of The Greenwood Building.

Thursday 12th September provided NARF an opportunity to advertise its wares to an

invited audience from industry, retail, academia and policy makers. Approximately 200 guests filled The Roslin Institute auditorium to hear talks highlighting what NARF can offer. Professor Pete Kaiser, started off proceedings with the welcome address and provided the audience with an overview of NARF, its infrastructure and its ambitions to provide the UK and the world with the premier facility to study all things avian. We then heard talks from experts in their field highlighting the areas of research that NARF will focus. Host-pathogen interactions (Prof Mark Stevens), transgenics (Prof Helen Sang), avian biobank and primordial germ cell technology (Dr Mike McGrew), avian virus research (Prof Paul Britton, The Pirbright Institute, NARF partner institute) and genetics (Prof Dave Burt). This provided the audience with a flavour of activities that NARF is involved and formed the basis of discussion and interaction over a glass of wine. In addition to the networking session delegates were provided with an opportunity to visit The Greenwood Building to see the facilities that BARR construction have built. It was a most productive and successful day and has led to a number of enquiries from interested parties to learn more about NARF and how they can interact with scientists to get the most out of these world-leading facilities. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all involved in the organisation of this event and for all the help that was received on the day to make this event such a success. This was great team effort and I thank you all for your continued support.

NARF launch event

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The NARF team wishes you all aMerry Christmas

and aHappy New Year.

Breaking news

As I put pen to paper to write this update I have just come back from the handover

meeting for Phase2a, The Greenwood Building. It is official, practical completion of The Greenwood Building and handover to the University of Edinburgh project team took place on 27th November 2013. On behalf of NARF I would like to take this opportunity to thank BARR construction for all their efforts. In addition I would like to also thank the UoE project team for all their efforts in this process. Adrian and his team will now take over the new facility in the new year providing avian researchers with the most up-to-date avian facility in Europe. A very good way to kick off 2014!

“Basic techniques” not as basic asWestern blotting has been a key technique

for determining the relative expression of proteins within complex biological samples since the first publications in the late 1970s. Recent developments in sensitive fluorescent labels, with truly quantifiable linear ranges and greater limits of detection, have allowed biologists to probe tissue specific pathways and processes with higher resolution than ever before. Samanatha Eaton is the senior research assistant in Tom Wishart’s neurobiology group and after being in post for only a year has published a first author manuscript detailing how commonly used standardisation methods in Western blotting are not necessarily appropriate and may in fact lead to considerable skewing of resulting analysis. This methodological manuscript in PLoS One (PMID: 24023619) details potential alternatives to standard comparisons and after being online for less than 3 months and has already had in excess of 1200 views. To read this article, go to h t t p : / / w w w . p l o s o n e . o r g / a r t i c l e /i n f o%3Ado i% 2F10 .1371%2F jou rna l .pone.0072457

SMA is a devastating neurodegenerative disease and is the most common genetic

cause of infant mortality affecting around 1 in 6000 live births. More information about SMA can be found here: http://www.jtsma.org.uk/what_is_sma.html University of Edinburgh researchers Tom Wishart (Career Track Fellow in The Roslin Institute’s Neurobiology Division) and Tom Gillingwater (Centre for Integrative Physiology) have published a manuscript in Genome Medicine detailing how they combined anatomical expertise with techniques such as label free proteomic analysis to successfully identify physiologically relevant biomarkers. These protein based markers are detectable by Western blot in peripherally accessible tissue samples such as skin or muscle, and their expression changes in a manner correlating with the state of disease progression in murine models of SMA. These biomarkers are also detectable in human patient samples providing the hope that with further characterisation they may make useful tools for determining not only the state of disease progression but also in monitoring the

effectiveness of potential therapies. To read the article, go to http://genomemedicine.com/content/5/10/95

(Upper) Graph showing all 14 proteins that were unchanged at P1 in ‘severe’ SMA mouse LAL muscle compared to littermate controls, but had increased levels >20% at P5. (Lower) Graph showing all nine proteins that were unchanged at P1 in ‘severe’ SMA mouse LAL muscle compared to littermate controls, but had decreased levels >20% at P5. Dashed lines in B and C indicate 20% change cut-off thresholds.

Tom

Sam

Biomarkers for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) identified

people may think

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£1.6MAward for Tash

Natasha Whenham, a final year PhD student receiving one of this year’s Poultry

Industry Research Scholarship Awards from George Eustice MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Farming and Food. This was in recognition of her work with AB vista to develop alternative antimicrobial strategies and her engagement with the industry. This was one of the awards presented at a ceremony chaired by John Reed, Chairman of the British Poultry Council, and held at the House of Commons on December the 2nd. The event was sponsored by Anne McIntosh MP.

Roslin Institute receives India-UK funding in

Farmed Animal Healthand Disease

The Roslin Institute is one of a number of organisations to receive funding from the

UK and Indian governments to undertake new research projects to tackle major livestock diseases. The major £13 million India-UK collaboration in Farmed Animal Health and Disease was announced in November by Sir Mark Walport, the Government Chief Scientific Adviser, during a visit to India. Two of the 12 research projects, which aim to tackle major livestock diseases that threaten food security in the UK and globally, will be run at The Roslin Institute, which receives strategic funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). £6.5M has been awarded by the BBSRC, with matched funding from India’s Department of Biotechnology (DBT), for collaborative research projects between universities and research institutes in both countries. It is the first international call on animal health for DBT and covers many important livestock species.The Roslin Institute will receive £1.6 million of the funding for projects that aim to identify how different avian [bird] species respond to evolving avian flu viruses and a second project

that will study the genetics of immunity in Indian buffalo. The Roslin Institute will also collaborate with scientists at the Royal Veterinary College to study how pathogens in poultry interact with the gut bacteria of the birds with a view to finding new ways of combating infections.

The Roslin Institute’s director, Professor David Hume (above with David Willetts), said of the funding, “Here at The Roslin Institute we are constantly seeking to work with collaborators around the world to develop new solutions to the major food security issues that threaten the international community.“This new funding is a major boost to our growing collaborative relationships with

colleagues in India.” Science Minister David Willetts said: “In the face of a rapidly growing global population, it is vital that we work together to find innovative solutions to animal diseases and global food security. This significant £13 million investment is ensuring this important work can take place and supports the Government’s wider Agri-Tech strategy. This is helping UK businesses, including farmers, make the best use of new technologies and techniques to meet the needs of consumers and food producers worldwide, as well as contributing to economic growth.” Professor Jackie Hunter, BBSRC Chief Executive said: “Livestock health is a huge global problem, impacting on the economy and food security. These projects will enable collaboration and shared knowledge in a bid to create novel control measures and technologies to combat infectious diseases that devastate farms in the UK and India.”The announcement was made as a part of Sir Mark Walport’s keynote address during RCUK India’s fifth anniversary celebrations in New Delhi this week. These new projects form a part of the £150-million strong UK-India research portfolio that RCUK India has facilitated since 2008.

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£2.4M14

The Roslin Institute is one of the successful organisations to benefit from newly

announced funding. The Roslin Institute’s total funding of £2.4 million (including industry support) is part of the Biotechnology and Biological Research Council’s Animal Health Research Club (ARC) award, which will support £4M of world-leading UK research to improve the health of farmed animals including sheep, pigs, cows and poultry. The club funds research to improve our understanding of resistance in farmed animals to pests and disease, and the funded projects include work to combat costly livestock diseases, create safer vaccines, breed healthier livestock and investigate immune system interactions. The funded projects will take place during the next three years at The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh and our partner The Pirbright Institute (also BBSRC strategically-funded) as well as other of our partners including University of Glasgow, University of Nottingham, University of Warwick, Royal Veterinary College, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and Scotland’s Rural College (a member of the Easter Bush Research Consortium along with The Roslin Institute). The grants represent the first round of awards in a five-year partnership between BBSRC, The Scottish Government and a consortium of leading companies from the animal breeding, animal health and farming sectors including Aviagen, BPEX, Centre for Dairy Information, Cobb, DairyCo, EBLEX, Genus, Merial, Moredun Scientific, MSD Animal Health, the Scottish Salmon Producer’s Organisation and Zoetis. The ARC Industry members pay a subscription fee which allows them to be involved in remit formation and grant decision making. Dr Celia Caulcott, BBSRC Director of Innovation and Skills, said: “Livestock diseases cost UK farmers and the wider economy millions of pounds a year, pose welfare problems for farmed animals and negatively affect food security.“By funding studies that take a broad look at some of the most prevalent and costly livestock diseases, the Animal Health Research Club will be able to deliver results to benefit farmers, animals and consumers.”

Roslin wins £2.4M of research funding to improve the health of livestock

The Roslin Institute’s projects are described below.

Engineering resistance to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Professor Alan Archibald, Professor Bruce Whitelaw, Dr Simon Lillico and Dr Tahar Ait-Ali from The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease of pigs that causes major economic losses. The virus accounts for around a third of infectious disease costs to the US pig industry, approximately $600M annually. It is the most costly disease to the European pig industry. Improving pigs’ resistance to PPRS infection through selected breeding is a difficult process. Studies have shown a receptor called SRCR CD163 plays a crucial role as the PRRS virus enters macrophages (cells of the immune system) during infection. To investigate if resistance to PRRS can be genetically engineered in pigs the researchers will focus on the manipulation of the CD163 gene.

Genomic Selection for Bovine Tuberculosis Resistance in Dairy Cows Professors Liz Glass, Stephen Bishop and John Woolliams from The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh working with Professor Michael Coffey from Scotland’s Rural College.The bacterium Mycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and has a major economic, trade, health and welfare impacts on the cattle industry as well as posing a risk to humans and other animals. Cattle differ genetically in their risk of bTB, creating the possibility of genetic selection for decreased risk of infection. Researchers will use large datasets from cattle herds in the UK and Republic of Ireland to develop genomic predictors of bTB infection, which could be used to breed cattle for bTB resistance. They will ensure that selection for bTB resistance is not detrimental to other desirable traits by determining the genetic relationship of bTB resistance with milk production and other economically important features. By sequencing the genomes of individual

cattle they hope to pinpoint the exact genetic changes which cause bTB resistance, improving the accuracy of the genetic predictors across generations. These results will enable scientists to explore the underlying basis for resistance to M. bovis infection, which could lead to designing better control strategies.

Understanding resistance and differential vaccine responses to Eimeria in the chicken - novel biomarkers and genetic control Professors Pete Kaiser and Stephen Bishop from The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh working with Dr Damer Blake and Professor Fiona Tomley from Royal Veterinary College. In chickens the disease coccidiosis, caused by the parasite Eimeria, is controlled primarily through the use of drugs called coccidiostats. Vaccines exist, but are currently not a cheap or practical solution to replace these drugs.Resistance to Eimeria infection is known in inbred lines of chickens, but previous attempts to map the genetic basis of this have been largely unsuccessful. Researchers plan to genetically map disease resistance and differential responses to vaccines, using modern techniques. They will analyse the adaptive immune response in populations of chickens, which clears the pathogen causing the infection, and delivers immunological memory against reinfection. By investigating aspects of this response they hope their findings will lead to new tools for defining disease characteristics and features.

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Adrian Alex

The Roslin Institute is delighted to announce that two of its researchers have been

appointed as technology scouts to promote the commercial impact of research as part of the BBSRC Activating Impact Award. Earlier this year Edinburgh Research & Innovation (ERI) and Edinburgh Infectious Diseases (EID) won first prize in the Activating Impact competition, which is organised by the BBSRC to promote conversion of BBSRC-supported bioscience into real-life applications. The first of The Roslin Institute’s technology

A little scientific fantasy

scouts is Alex Corbishley. Alex trained as a vet and he is currently studying for a PhD in David Gally’s research group. Adrian Muwonge, a postdoc in Mark Bronsvoort’s research group is Alex’s colleague in the scheme. Together with Balazs Szoor, a postdoc in the Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, Alex and Adrian will be working with ERI colleagues to identify commercial opportunities in EID and establish links with potential industrial collaborators.

Technology Scouts are Activating Impact BBSRC

ISP2 Away Day Fantasy Projects Are you in a rut? Fed up of trying to satisfy reviewer comments just to get that paper published? Ever wondered what could you achieve without the constraints of normal research? As the finale of a fun and stimulating ISPG2 away day in June, we split everyone into groups, gave them an (imaginary) unlimited budget and unlimited (but also imaginary) resources then asked them to submit project proposals for consideration. The only rule – the project had to involve the knowledge or experience of every member of the group. The projects we got back ranged from the highly practical to the downright weird, making the job of picking the best very difficult. Although it was a close race, the winning project was chosen based on its originality, sound science, well thought out execution, and use of all group members’ expertise - with a bonus point for their aim of improving the image of GM with the public. Congratulations to Kim Summers, Ian Dunn, Simon Lillico, Jemima Whyte and Lucy Freem whose fantasy project was the development of transgenic dung beetles that would improve public health by collecting up dog poo from pavements and parks

The Roslin Institute receives strategic funding from the Biotechnology and

Biological Science Research Council. This funding drives five institute strategic programmes (ISPs) and two national capabilities. Each ISP recently ran away days designed to catch up on the current research within the programmes and also to look to the coming years and consider the projects that could be driven. The ISP2 (Control of Development and Reproduction Traits) away day was organised by a group of postdocs and students who decided to exercise their deepest scientific imagination. Rachel Huddart (below), one of our med scientist PhD students tells us more…

Dr. Nils Lindström, from the Hohenstein laboratory in The Roslin Institute, received

an honorary mention for his contribution to the Olympus BioScapes Digital Imaging Competition. The time-lapse movie shows fluctuations in the WNT/β-catenin pathway during the embryonic development of the kidney. In particular it highlights just how dynamic this signalling pathway is at this point of development. Lindström is funded by the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) as part of a project aiming to reduce the number of animals needed for complex genetic experiments. Lindström and Hohenstein are using time-lapse microscopy to improve our understanding of dynamic processes such as nephron morphogenesis while minimising the number of animals required.

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captures the imagination of Olympus Tra

nsge

nic ki

dney

grow

ing ex

vivo

By using time-lapse they have started to understand how new pathways regulate the patterning of the kidney and nephrons. The Hohenstein group are very interested in establishing collaborations with other groups that can benefit from using time-lapse microscopy for their research so to find out more and for contact details please go to http://www.roslin.ed.ac.uk/peter-hohenstein/

Nils

judges

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2013: A Breast When I first knew about the 3MT competition

I thought it would be fun to participate and talk about my project, but I was in the middle of my thesis writing and could not afford to lose time. After talking with Dr. Lisa Pang, a post doc in the same research team, and thinking about it, I decided to give it a chance, so I registered and started preparing my speech. That is when I realised how complicated it was to talk about a 4 year PhD project in just 3 minutes. To be honest, I’ve always liked to present my projects in seminars or conferences, but this was a different challenge. It was a competition. So I decided to prepare a speech with impact that could be interesting to people who are not familiarised with the molecular features of cancer.In the heat for the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine (CMVM) we were 17 participants, all of whom were great and everyone gave an excellent talk.I came second in this heat, which put me through to the next round, the University final. I also won the people’s choice award, which meant a lot to me, as there were people in the audience supporting all the participants.I got really excited as this experience was great most of all because I was the only student representing Latin America and perhaps the first Mexican in the 3MT competition around the world, and even though I was presenting in my second language, I was there, in the final.The big day came. My talk’s title was 2013: A Breast Odyssey. I practiced every day at every moment (while eating, walking, showering, etc…) I realised I was a bit obsessed when I noticed that I was practicing my speech even while playing football, which is my favourite thing in the world. Something was wrong… or maybe right.The big day came. The other 8 participants

were always very kind. We were all on the same boat. There were cameras, judges, friends and strangers. There was live streaming and my family and friends were able to watch me from Mexico. I was very excited about this achievement.My turn came. I stood up, saw the cameras, the people and just started talking. The moment I started talking, I realised how much I was enjoying it.“We all know that cancer usually means death right?” ... most of the people nodded and I knew I got their attention so I just kept going.In the end, I did not get the prize, but the experience was great and I am really happy that Christopher West, who became my friend after the competition, won the first prize as he really deserved it.

This experience was a great way to share my project with people with completely different academic backgrounds, and it feels amazing that at least I had some impact on them.I really recommend everyone to participate in this kind of adventures.Finally, I would like to cite a phrase once said by Sir Winston Churchill that could easily be applied to cancer research these days, and it says... “Now, this is not the end, it is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.”

Alejandro’s presentation can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2A8oMMay_E along with others.

Odyssey

Alejandro Cervantes Arias is a PhD student in David Argyle’s research group (www.roslin.ed.ac.uk/david-argyle)

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Last March, Dr Doug Vernimmen initiated a course on Ethics about what scientific

issues to expect in the future and how we would solve these. He kicked off the course with the following statement: Science has dramatically progressed since the full sequencing of the human genome a decade ago but also the research on stem cells. Stem cells can be differentiated in any cell type, giving new horizons for cell therapy but also in livestock. Together with the high throughput sequencing techniques, the secret of the genome can now be uncovered, which implies several ethical issues. The course took take place in four sessions with participants watching a different film each week. It then finished with a discussion group meeting and the students writing an essay of 2-4 pages. The format was presented as a competition within the Institute with 3 winners receiving a prize. This year, 11 students took part of the course and winners were:1st Prize winner: Eliza Wolfson “How scared are you of Living?”2nd Prize winner: Alexander Corbishley “What Science for the Future and What Future for Science?”3rd Prize winner: Maeve Ballantyne “The Future of Science and Technology - will it save humanity or end it?”

“What Science

for the Future

and What Future for

Science”

Roslin student wins leukaemia awardIveta Gazova, a student in Doug Vernimmen’s research group was among the nine winners of this year’s Lady Tata Memorial Trust International Awards for Research in Leukaemia Iveta was the only PhD student to win one of these awards this year (the other winners were all postdocs) and the title of her project is Deciphering New Roles of Remote Enhancer ElementsDoug said of Iveta’s achievement, “As this is an international award, it is great honour for Iveta and The Roslin Institute is lucky to have students of her calibre.”For more about the awards, please go to: http://www.ladytatatrust.org/PrevWinner/WinnerList/2?Year=2013&DistCountryID=2

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Upda

te fro

m the

The Career Development Committee was established to support early career

researchers in developing their careers. We carried out a survey of postdocs earlier this year to understand their career aspirations and identify ways of offering additional support. We have set up a fellowship application support group, to advise on writing applications and preparation for interviews, and will be running an inhouse grant-writing course in the new year. Postdocs have been advised that they can take at least 5 days a year for training in support of their career development and we have an inhouse mentoring system for postdocs. We are joining in the University mentoring scheme that is more formal and offers the opportunity for staff to

have a mentor from elsewhere in the University. The transition from postdoc to the next step in a career is recognised as a major challenge and the CDC would like to find additional ways to support this, so get in touch if you have suggestions. Female scientists are recognised as having particular challenges in developing their careers in science. A key focus of the CDC is to tackle underlying issues that result in the proportion of women at senior levels being lower than at earlier career stages. In support of career development for female staff we have developed a strong link with the Scottish Resource Centre for Women in Science Engineering and Technology (SET)http://www.napier.ac.uk/research/centresandprojects/src/Pages/src.aspx (SRC) Through the SRC

we are developing a coaching programme for female staff, with coaches provided by the SRC and 50% funding from RI. The SRC will develop this as organisational programme (joint with R(D)SVS) and the coaches will provide a report at the end of year 1 (10 places, 5 for RI staff). We hope that in addition to providing a great opportunity for some individuals we will identify additional ways to support all staff in career development. The Athena SWAN charter for women in science http://www.athenaswan.org.uk/ aims to increase the rate at which the negative gender balance of women in SET is redressed. Those of us who are at later stages in our careers have seen relatively little change in the last 30 years and working towards Athena SWAN awards provides an excellent focus for identifying actions for change and making sure they are embedded (a key strategy goal for Edinburgh University). We will be applying for a silver award in April and support for our female career track fellows and their successes (both Vicky MacRae and Andrea Wilson have been appointed to permanent posts and achieved promotion) are examples of the Roslin Institute’s support for female staff. Please get in touch with Helen Sang helen.sang@roslin.ed.ac.uk or Cat Eastwood catherine.eastwood@roslin.ed.ac.uk or talk to any committee member with suggestions for additional activities that the CDC could support.CDC members: Natalia Grundwald, Jeanette Johansson, John Hopkins, Pam Wiener, Bruce Whitelaw, Adam Balic, Ross Houston, Liz Glass, Cat Eastwood, Helen Sang.

Career Development Committee

l/r: John, Pam,Cat, Adam,

Jeanette & Helen

nPad Consortium tackles

Dr Sarah Carpanini (above) has recently joined The Roslin Institute as a post-doctoral

scientist in Professor Jean Manson’s lab. Sarah will be working with Jean and Dr Tom Wishart as part of the MRC nPad consortium for mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases and aging. The consortium aims to use knockout mouse models to define early events associated with neurodegenerative disease and ageing.

Their principle aims are to:•Identify key genes and proteins involved in triggering neurodegeneration or functioning in neuroprotection•Establish the impact of stress, infection and age on neurodegenerative processes

•Determine the extent to which common and distinct molecular mechanisms underlie the early stages of a range of neurodegenerative diseases•Identify strategies for blocking neurodegenerative processes,particularly before overt pathology occurs

The nPad consortium consists of more than 32 scientists and the aim is for the consortium to provide an interdisciplinary platform for mouse models of neurodegenerative disease within the Edinburgh Neuroscience community. The consortium is very keen for people to get in touch with their favourite gene to potentially add to the list of knockouts, so please don’t hesitate to email Sarah.Carpanini@roslin.ed.ac.uk for more information.

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Quick congratulations to Career Track Fellow Ross Houston who has achieved

the qualifying time for running the marathon in the Commonwealth Games 2014. Now we just have to wait and see if he is selected to run for Scotland.

Marathon Man!

neurodegeneration

PhD Success!

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In November 17 year old Olivia Hood, a Peebles High School student joined the

Operations Team at Easter Bush. Olivia was keen to get some useful work experience relating to her higher studies in Administration.Head of Science Administration at The Roslin Institute, Patricia Hart, was happy to help and organised a series of mini-placements to give Olivia some idea of the opportunities her studies could provide. Olivia’s first stop was with The Roslin Institute Director’s PA, Julie Hancox, who chatted to

From placement to jobOlivia about the varied job she has and the different skills required. Back at Patricia’s desk Olivia was set the task of event organisation; in this case a hypothetical corporate away day. The rest of Olivia’s placement was spent working with Chieko Kontani (Business Administrator in Edinburgh Genomics), Nicola Stock (Public Engagement Officer), Damon Querry (Web manager) and Poppy Kemp (Campus HR). Olivia said of the placement, “This has been a great couple of days for me and I have learnt a lot about the opportunities I have as an

administrator. There’s a lot more to it than I first thought.” Following the placement Olivia got in touch to let Patricia know that she has since got a job working as a waitress for a large hotel chain. However, having mentioned her placement and her career aspirations the hotel is also going to provide her with some opportunities to get involved with event management. Well done Olivia and glad your Roslin Institute experience was useful.

Olivia with RI Admin Teaml/r: Chieko, Patricia and Nicola

PhD Success!Head of the Developmental Biology

Division, Professor Bruce Whitelaw, was delighted to be able to report to the Roslin Reporter that two more students in his division have successfully defended their PhD theses. They are Ruchi Sharma, who studied in Xavier Donadeu’s laboratory, and James Glover whose studies were completed under the watchful eye of Mike McGrew. Congratulations both from the Reporter!

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Congratulations go to Professor Bruce Whitelaw (Head of the Division of

Developmental Biology) and Professor Dave Burt (Division of Genetics and Genomics) on their election as Fellows of the Society of Biology. The Society of Biology describes itself as “a single unified voice for biology: advising Government and influencing policy, advancing education and professional development and engaging and encouraging public interest in the life sciences.” Elected fellows are those who have made a prominent contribution to the advancement of the biological sciences in many ways including research or advancement of biological science that is of major importance. Bruce is an international expert in the development of transgenic technologies for production of genetically engineered livestock.Bruce said of the Fellowship, “This is a great bit of news and I am delighted to have been elected to the Society of Biology. I look forward

to contributing to its work in the coming years.” Bruce’s research investigates the molecular events that accompany changes in the expression status of genes in mammals. He aims to develop and exploit gene transfer technology to investigate differentiation in mammals and exemplify the use of this technology through the generation of animal models of human disease, novel in vivo screening resources, and animals more able to combat infectious disease. Knowledge gained through Bruce’s research will lead to innovative biotechnological solutions to combat infectious disease in animals, evaluate new treatments of human disease through transgenic animal models and establish efficient protein production systems in animals. Dave Burt’s fellowship comes as a result of his standing in the field of comparative genomics and bioinformatics. His research has used these disciplines to understand

biological systems in birds and mammals, in particular genes in development, physiology and disease. In addition to the Society of Biology recognition, Dave has also recently become a Faculty Member in the ‘Evolutionary/Comparative Genetics’ Section of Faculty 1000 (F1000.com). Faculty of 1000 is the publisher of four unique services that support and inform the work of life scientists and clinicians. Dave joins the faculty’s ranks as one of the key experts who will review articles to be included in Faculty 1000’s own publication, F1000Research, or recommend articles to be promoted in F1000Prime. Dave said of these two recent honours, “It is always an honour to be nominated for such roles by one’s peers and I am delighted to have won these points of recognition. “I look forward to working with the Society of Biology and Faculty 1000 over the next few years.”

Roslin Researchers elected to Society of Biology

Get on your bikeThis year The Roslin Institute took part in

Pedal for Scotland on 8th September, where over 7,000 cyclists took part in Scotland’s biggest bike ride from Glasgow to Edinburgh. Our team (Kirsty Ireland, Claire Davies and Doug Vernimmen with Jude Gibson [Western General Hospital]) completed the 47 mile Corporate Challenge. The Roslin Institute hosts a huge number of keen cyclists and Team Roslin expressed the hope that it will be a much bigger team next year! Sandra McCutcheon, another Roslin fan of two wheels also completed the Glasgow to Edinburgh ride as part of a separate team.Congratulations to all those with Pedal Power!!

Roslin!

I completed my B.A. in Genetics at Trinity College Dublin (TCD) in 2012 and worked as a research assistant in the Ocular Genetics unit at the Smurfit Institute of Genetics, TCD before moving to Edinburgh to start my PhD at The Roslin Institute in September, 2013. I am currently trying to get used to eating haggis (delicious), exploring the highlands (beautiful) and listening to bagpipes (painful). Siné

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Doug VernimmenI was appointed a Chancellor’s Fellow at the University of Edinburgh and joined The Roslin Institute as an independent scientist in October 2012. This was a very exciting time because The Roslin Institute had launched its magnificent new building in 2011. It is a unique structure in Edinburgh with open-plan laboratories and shared equipment that enhances multidisciplinarity and facilitates a close collaboration between research and business. More specifically, The Roslin Institute offers a state of the art sequencing facility (Edinburgh Genomics), which is used

for our ChIP Seq projects. Our projects also benefit from the facilities and expertise of other scientists based at The Roslin Institute, such as bioinformatics, genetic engineering, imaging and mass spectrometry.I am delighted to launch my laboratory with two international and very talented students: Ailbhe and Ivet. Both managed to win independent studentships. Ailbhe is funded by the British Society for Haematology, where only four UK recipients are awarded per year. Ivet is funded by The Lady Tata Memorial Trust, where only nine international recipients (Ivet being the only Ph.D. student) have been

awarded this year. I was born in Germany, did my degrees in Belgium and moved to Britain after my PhD. Although I adopted Oxford as my new hometown during my lengthy postdoc, moving to Scotland in Edinburgh was the best location when I was aiming to launch my career as an independent scientist. Its historical city centre, the Castle, the Closes on the Royal Mile and Arthur’s Seat provide a unique combination in the world. Also a perfect location for photography, but also cycling, which seems to be the most popular sport for Roslin scientists!

Ailbhe Brazel, Ph.D. StudentProject: Long Range Control of Epigenetic RegulationThe recently completed Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project aims to functionally annotate the human genome in many different cell types. Heterogeneity within apparently distinct cell populations is unfortunately not addressed by the ENCODE project and could lead to false interpretation of data, for example co-occupancy of certain transcription factors and chromatin modifications in individual cells. In my PhD I will investigate this issue of heterogeneous cell populations using the alpha globin locus in erythroid cells as a model. My Ph.D. project, including my studentship is funded by the British Society for Haematology.

Douglas Vernimmen became a Chancellor’s Fellow at The Roslin Institute in October

2012 and he has since been establishing his research group. A year on and he would like to introduce the team and let you know what his research plans are.

Ivet Gazova, Ph.D. StudentProject: Deciphering New Roles of Remote Enhancer ElementsMy PhD project, funded by Lady Tata Memorial Trust, deals with uncovering new roles of enhancers in epigenetic regulation using molecular biology, genetics and genome-wide approaches. Hopefully soon I will be able to precisely understand how epigenetic regulators work and test new compounds, which may contribute to the development of epigenetic therapy of leukaemia.Originally I come from Slovakia, but I did my undergraduate degree at University of Edinburgh in Molecular Genetics. I fell in love with Edinburgh, despite its weather and annoying tourists in August, and I decided to stay in here few more years to do my PhD.

Meet theChromatin

Group

Doug and l/r: Ivet and Ailbhe

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The Welcome Mat is rolled outThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School

of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) once again opened their doors to the public this September as part of the Civic Trust’s Doors Open Day scheme. This event is run to provide the public with opportunities to see inside buildings of architectural interest. The Institute also uses the event as an opportunity to engage the public and talk about some of the research that takes place in its laboratories. The Roslin Institute Building had over 20 activities ranging from counting chicken toes

to salmon fishing. The activities, which also involved colleagues from Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), were tailored to provide something that would interest family groups as well as those visitors who preferred a more cerebral approach to finding out about the Easter Bush-based research. The campus-wide event was organised this year by Nicola Stock who has just completed her first year in her role of public engagement officer for the Easter Bush Campus. Nicola said of the event, “I am delighted that we have had around 100 staff and students taking part in the event

across the campus and it is really great to see public, staff and students all having such fun.” Patricia Hart, Head of Communications at The Roslin Institute, said “I’d like to thank Nicola for the fantastic job she has done in organising this year’s Doors Open Day event. She is really revolutionising public engagement at The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS and there will be lots more to look forward to in 2014.” Public events at The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS are listed on our Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/theroslininstitute) and Twitter accounts (https://twitter.com/roslininstitute).

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Peter Hohenstein and Bruce Whitelaw of The Roslin Institute are involved in the

organization of the 12th Transgenic Technology Meeting, which is going to take place in Edinburgh, October 2014. More information here:

Gene experts join forces in new generation of DNA researchARK Genomics, the high-throughput

sequencing facility based at The Roslin Institute, is becoming part of a new, world-class centre of DNA expertise that will support ground-breaking research in human and animal health, the environment, and sustainable food production. The new venture will build upon decades of experience by merging the existing facilities of ARK-Genomics, which is funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, and Edinburgh GenePool. The new centre, Edinburgh Genomics, brings

together expertise to focus on unravelling and analysing genetic code in large-scale studies. Using this expertise Edinburgh Genomics aims to break new ground in agriculture, by identifying genes that could contribute to animal wellbeing or crop disease. The centre will enable environmental scientists to learn more about the natural world, and facilitate a fast response to diseases that pose a risk to plants or wildlife. Scientists at the centre will also be at the forefront of the emerging personalisation of medicine, in which treatments can be tailored according to patients’ genes. Its technology will enable

scientists to quickly compare hundreds of DNA samples from patients with particular diseases, to pinpoint key genes and inform development of therapies. Edinburgh Genomics will make use of The Roslin Institute’s and University of Edinburgh’s expertise in supercomputing and informatics to analyse the massive amounts of data generated in large DNA studies.Expertise and technologies at the facility will be available to researchers and industry, and it will be a leading provider of training, service quality, and support to collaborators.

Recent Roslin Institute PublicationsAbbondati, E., Del-Pozo, J., Hoather, T.M., Constantino-Casas, F. and Dobson, J.M. (2013) An immunohistochemical study of the expression of the hypoxia markers Glut-1 and Ca-IX in canine sarcomas. Vet Pathol, DOI: 10.1177/0300985813486810.

Alton, E.W., Baker, A., Baker, E., Boyd, A.C., Cheng, S.H., Coles, R.L., Collie, D.D., Davidson, H., Davies, J.C., Gill, D.R., Gordon, C., Griesenbach, U., Higgins, T., Hyde, S.C., Innes, J.A., McCormick, D., McGovern, M., McLachlan, G., Porteous, D.J., Pringle, I., Scheule, R.K., Shaw, D.J., Smith, S., Sumner-Jones, S.G., Tennant, P. and Vrettou, C. (2013) The safety profile of a cationic lipid-mediated cystic fibrosis gene transfer agent following repeated monthly aerosol administration to sheep. Biomaterials 34(38), 10267-10277, DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.023.

Andersen, J.P., Norup, L.R., Dalgaard, T.S., Rothwell, L., Kaiser, P., Permin, A., Schou, T.W., Fink, D.R., Jungersen, G., Sorensen, P. and Juul-Madsen, H.R. (2013) No protection in chickens immunized by the oral or intra-muscular immunization route with Ascaridia galli soluble antigen. Avian Pathology 42(3), 276-282, DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.783199.

Argyle, D.J., Iredale, J.P., Jackson, A.P. and Walker, B.R. (2013) ECAT-V: where clinical and research training meet. Veterinary Record 173(15), 364-365, DOI: 10.1136/vr.f6185.

Baillie, J.K. and Digard, P. (2013) Influenza--time to target the host? New England Journal of Medicine 369(2), 191-193, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcibr1304414.

Bain, M.M., McDade, K., Burchmore, R., Law, A., Wilson, P.W., Schmutz, M., Preisinger, R. and Dunn, I.C. (2013) Enhancing the egg’s natural defence against bacterial penetration by increasing cuticle deposition. Animal Genetics 44(6), 661-668, DOI: 10.1111/age.12071.

Bandiera, R., Vidal, V.P., Motamedi, F.J., Clarkson, M., Sahut-Barnola, I., von Gise, A., Pu, W.T., Hohenstein, P., Martinez, A. and Schedl, A. (2013) WT1 maintains adrenal-gonadal primordium identity and marks a population of AGP-like progenitors within the adrenal gland. Developmental Cell 27(1), 5-18, DOI:

10.1016/j.devcel.2013.09.003.

Banos, G., Wall, E., Coffey, M.P., Bagnall, A., Gillespie, S., Russell, G.C. and McNeilly, T.N. (2013) Identification of immune traits correlated with dairy cow health, reproduction and productivity. PLoS One 8(6), e65766, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065766.

Bansal, N., Fischbacher, C.M., Bhopal, R.S., Brown, H., Steiner, M.F. and Capewell, S. (2013) Myocardial infarction incidence and survival by ethnic group: Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 3(9), e003415, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003415.

Barakzai, S.Z., Fraser, B.S. and Dixon, P.M. (2013) Congenital defects of the soft palate in 15 adult horses. Equine Veterinary Journal Early View 30 August, DOI: 10.1111/evj.12123.

Barnett, T.P., O’Leary, J.M., Dixon, P.M. and Barakzai, S.Z. (2013) Characterisation of palatal dysfunction after laryngoplasty. Equine Veterinary Journal, DOI: 10.1111/evj.12081.

Beard, P.M. (2013) Response to a Letter to the Editor entitled “Sarcocystis capracanis-associated encephalitis in sheep”. Veterinary Parasitology 197(1-2), 409-409, DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.026.

Bekaert, M., Lowe, N.R., Bishop, S.C., Bron, J.E., Taggart, J.B. and Houston, R.D. (2013) Sequencing and characterisation of an extensive Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) MicroRNA repertoire. PLoS One 8(7), e70136, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070136.

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If you have any articles you would like to submit for the next Roslin Reporter, please contact:Patricia Hart, Head of Communications and Science Administration (email:patricia.hart@roslin.ed.ac.uk or phone: 0131 651 9192)

or require imagery to accompany articles, please contact:Norrie Russell, Photographer (email:norrie.russell@roslin.ed.ac.uk or phone: 0131 651 9197)

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