KAWALAN MOTOR english version.ppt
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Transcript of KAWALAN MOTOR english version.ppt
MOTOR CONTROLLERMOTOR CONTROLLER
Motor ControllerMotor Controller
Motor controller is a one system are consist of combination devices to control the single phase or three phase motor.
In others word to protect the motor become safety use.
For ac we call as a driver or controller but for ac call as a starter.
Motor Controller FunctionalityMotor Controller Functionality1. To start and stop the motor.Single Phase or three phase
motor.2. To avoid the motor starting itself after breakdown. ( No-volt coil or No-volt release concept )3. To minimize starting current,such as star delta , auto-
transformer and rotor resistance starter.4. To avoid any sparking and burning at the motor.5. To start the motor step by step or other types of
controller such jogging control and rotor resistance starter.
6. Operation the motor are in safety user and far away controller.
Types of starter.Types of starter.
1. Direct On line starter
2. Star- Delta starter
3. Auto-transformer starter
4. Rotor Resistance starter
Advantages of the Motor StarterAdvantages of the Motor Starter
Less mechanical force to the motor coil. Less mechanical enjakulasi to the motor
frame,shaft and transmission in the motor. Motor can rotate step by step depending to
the load. Reduce voltage drop to the motor. Reduce any supply system disturbing
ecspecially high hp/amp of the motor.
Disadvantages of the Motor StarterDisadvantages of the Motor Starter
Reduce torque of the motor. High cost to prepared starter component. Need maintenance to the motor. Complicated devices
Starter ComponentStarter Component
1. Contactor
As a electromagnetic switches. Two types 240V and 415V. Will operate when voltage supply to the contactor
coil . All auxiliary will operate from NO to NC and NC
to NO when the coil energized. No-volt coil or No-volt release concept All the auxiliary contactor will release will spring
action when magnetic force are discharge.
Contactor ConceptContactor Concept
Magnetic Force
Auxiliary contact
Constant Contact
Magnetic Force
Contactor FigureContactor Figure
Contact Frame
Constant Contact Cross Bar
Core Pin
Laminated iron Core
Operating Coil
Laminated iron Core
Plate
Base
Spring Contact
ontactAuxiliary C
Pushing Spring
Supply
CONTACTOR COMPONENTCONTACTOR COMPONENT
MAIN CONTACT- To control Main CircuitMengawal litar utama. - Conductor Size are depend on the rating current.
AUXILIARY CONTACT- Low current- contact 5A.- Small contact- Only control for control circuit.
OPERATION COIL- To produce electromagnet at iron core. - Will energize when electricity are supply to iron core.
VARIABLE IRON CORE- To move cross bar after coil energized assist by spring.
CONSTANT IRON CORE- Laminated.- Will energized when electricity are supply.
PUSHING SPRING- Push the core to the condition before after supply off.
OPERATION CONCEPTOPERATION CONCEPT
- Functions with 240V and 415V incoming supply.- Coil will energized when electricity are supply to
the coil and electromagnetic occurred.
- Constant contact are push to top and move the crossing bar/plate.
- Crossing bar will move the main contact from open to close and close to open.
- Contact size are depend on the carried rating current.
MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE
- Always clean the contactor contact inside..- Make sure spring tensionalin good condition- Tighting screw could be in good condition.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES1.Able to control from other place and remote control.
2.Able to to off the circuit when breakdown.
3.As a protection device when overload and short circuit occurred.
4.Able to control High current of the motor .
1.Expensive for domestic installation.
CONTACTOR SYMBOLCONTACTOR SYMBOL
Normally Open Normally closed
THERMAL THERMAL OVERLOAD RELAYOVERLOAD RELAY
It’s a protection devices to avoid any damage at the motor .
There are usually broken at the motor. :
- Short circuit.
- wrong connectionThermal Overload is protection devices to
protect overload at the motor.Series connection to the motor.Current are flowing through Thermal
Overload Relay to the motor.
FIGURE OF THERMAL OVERLOAD RELAY FIGURE OF THERMAL OVERLOAD RELAY ( NORMAL CONDITION )( NORMAL CONDITION )
FIGURE OF THERMAL OVERLOAD RELAY FIGURE OF THERMAL OVERLOAD RELAY ( OVERLOAD CONDITION )( OVERLOAD CONDITION )
THR SYMBOLTHR SYMBOLNormally Open Normally closed
COMBINATION SYMBOL
Operation Concept Operation Concept (Overload relay)(Overload relay)
Every THR are completed with potential current rating. Chosing Range should be suitable with full load current of
the motor. THR setting value is 125% of full load current of the
motor.
THR Example calculationTHR Example calculation
Question
A three phase motor are connected to 415V, rating horse power is 3.3 hp and 50 hz with 0.8 power factor. Determine setting value of current to protect the motor.
AnswerAnswer
P = 3 x VI cos ( Pin formula ) IL = P
3 x VL cos IL = 3 x 746
3 x 415 x 0.8
= 3.89 Amp
I setting = 1.25 x 3.89
So setting value is = 4.86 Amp
DIRECT ON LINE STARTERDIRECT ON LINE STARTER Call as a D.O.L starter. This starter are commanly use for small rating
power of the motor.( 0.373kw t0 3.73kW or in hp ½ h.p hingga 3 h.p )
Component part in this starter circuit can be change but should be in series connection each component.
Starting current motor are used for this starter is 6 to 8 time of running current or full load current.
If the full load current for one motor is 8A.So starting current of the motor is between 48A to 64A.
Usually this starter are used for the air-condition,Vaqum and etc.
The limit of load is 3.0 hp.More then 3.0 hp are not suitable.
Total load are cannot exceed 6 to 8 of running current because it will disturb supply source to others load.
But at power plant it this starter are used for the biggest motor horse power such as 100k and above.
That is because power plant are generated the source and not disturb supply source to others load
Advantages and Disadvantages of D.O.L Advantages and Disadvantages of D.O.L StarterStarter
Advantages Disadvantages
1. High starting torque and shortly time to maximum speed.
2. Simple characteristic and for maintenance and also cheapest price.
1. High starting current.Will disturb other system.
2. Need more protection devices for safety.
3. Not sensitive /action.
D.O.L STARTER Control CircuitD.O.L STARTER Control Circuit
Supply
Stop Button
NO auxiliary contact
Start Button Coil
Thermal Overload Relay
C
Neutral
Figure 1
Stop ButtonNO auxiliary contact
Start Button Coil
Thermal Overload Relay
SupplyNeutral
C
Figure 2
Figure 3
Neutral
Stop ButtonNO auxiliary contact
Start Button
Coil
Thermal Overload Relay
Supply
C
Figure 4
supply NeutralStart Button
NO auxiliary contact
Stop ButtonS6
S7
S5
CoilTHR S1 S2 S3 S4
C
D.O.L Starter Main CircuitD.O.L Starter Main Circuit
Three Phase Supply
R Y B
C
M
THR
3 Phase Motor
Contactor Coil
STAR DELTA STARTERSTAR DELTA STARTER
Consist 4 types of Star Delta starter with additional
i. Star Delta Starter without resistance
ii. Star Delta Starter without resistance
( Forward Reverse Operation )
iii. Star Delta starter with resistance
iv. Star Delta starter with resistance
(Forward Reverse Operation )
Additional accessories include limit switch,floot switch,relay and etc.
Motor will operated in start connection at a few second.After that motor will operated in delta connection.
Current in start connection is 58% or 1/ 3 from starting current.
Follow IEE regulation this starter are suitable for 10hp of the motor.
START----------------------------STAR
OPERATION TIME----- DELTA
Current In Star = 58% x ( 6 to 8 x Running current )
Commanly use for :i. Motor Valveii. Electrical Pumpiii. Converyor belt iv. Air-Condition System
For Star Delta with resistance,the resistance/rotor are connected to Delta connection part.
It’s function is to reduce current value when it change to the delta connection/operation.
Advantages of this starter is , It can reduce jerking to the motor when it change to delta operation
Advantages and Disadvantages of Star Delta Starter :
Advantages Disadvantages
i. Can On and off every time.
ii.Simple Maintenance/rarely maintenance compared to auto-trans starter
iii.Low cost for commisioning
i. Limit for use.Only 3 hp to 10hp.
ii. Difficult to wiring.
iii.Easy to burn the motor if wrong connection.
STAR DELTA CONTROL CIRCUITSTAR DELTA CONTROL CIRCUITN
MCB 6A
THR
ON OFF
LC
TDR DC
TDR
SP
TDR
LC
SP
G
DC
R
L
LC
DC
SP
DC
O/L
STAR DELTA MAIN CIRCUITSTAR DELTA MAIN CIRCUITL1 L2 L3
3 Phase Induction Motor
S
A1
M
O/L
DM D D S S
B1
C1
B2 C2 A2
A1
B2
C2
B1
C1
A2
(main switch)
(main fius )
( 3 Phase Supply )
O/L O/L
M
Star point
AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTERAUTO TRANSFORMER STARTER
It’s Special starter in market. It’s can reduce and limit the voltage at the
motor when starting. The voltage connection to the coil can be
limit to anything percent when there are connected in star connection.
During starting ,auto-transformer are in low limit at main winding that are connected to the source and secondary winding are connected to the statorbcoil.
So,it’s can assist to reduce voltage during starting and current are stay at 70% of auto-transformer step.
That is only 70% of full load voltage to the motor when the current are reducing to suitable value current rating.
In this situation we must allert to auto-transformer because it must in star connection and no in open circuit connection.
If open circuit, high voltage are done at auto-transformer and it’s very dangerous.
Then,motor are operated without auto-transformer by using automatic controller.
Normally,this starter are use for motor 3hp to 10 hp
The types of Auto-tranformer are commonly is single phase or three phase.
By using this starter ,auto-transformer can step up or down the voltage depend on the load of motor.
This starter are used for any starting torque regulating regulating for the three phase motor are moving different potential load.
The starting torque regulation can be reduce the voltage to the motor.
By using the step level ,this starter are suitable to move the load .
So ,with this way the current are reduce during starting and it’s safety with rating of the load.
When the rotation of the motor are 70% until full load,auto-transformer will disconnected automatically so the motor operated with full voltage supply.
Normally ,the rating step of auto-transformer is 40 %, 60 % and 75 % of line voltage.
Advantage and Disadvantages of Auto-Trans Advantage and Disadvantages of Auto-Trans StarterStarter
Advantages Disadvantages
i. Flexible rating step inside.
ii. Suitable for different load of motor.
ii. Less power losses at accessories device.
i. Sometimes,voltage
disturbing occurred because
no neutral line in circuit.
ii. High voltage occurred when
open circuit in star
connection at
Continue…Continue…
Advantages Disadvantages
i. Suitable for both connection
of the motor.,delta or star
connection.
ii. Only 3 or 4 Terminal
connection of the motor,
not 6 or 7 connection wire
such as star delta starter.
i. High Cost spend for Auto-
transformer.
ii. Thre are not maximum torque
during starting.
So,Not suitable for motor are
need high starting torque during
starting.
iii. Limit for medium
level of motor
AUTO-TRANSFORMER CONTROL CIRCUITAUTO-TRANSFORMER CONTROL CIRCUIT
Fuse
O/L
OFF
ON S
R1
M
S
S MT
M
TR
S
M
S
M
M
L1 L2
R2
N
AUTO-TRANSFORMER MAIN CIRCUITAUTO-TRANSFORMER MAIN CIRCUITL1 L2 L3
M
T
S
AUTO TRANSFORMER
FUSE/ MCB
Thermal Overload Relay
3 Phase Motor
U V W
U2
V2
W2
U1 V1 W1
U3 V3 W3
AUTO-TRANSFORMER MAIN CIRCUITAUTO-TRANSFORMER MAIN CIRCUIT
3 phase mcb / MCCBMCB MCBMCB
AUTO-TRANS
LC
TC
SP
THR
MOTOR
R Y B 3 phase supply
3 phase induction motor
Penghidup Motor Rintangan RotorPenghidup Motor Rintangan Rotor Penghidup ini juga dipanggil penghidup motor rotor
berperintang. Ia hanya digunakan untuk motor jenis rotor berlilit
(Slip ring). Pada asasnya bahagian stator disambung terus
kepada penghidup talian terus sementara bahagian rotornya disambung melalui gelang gelincir ke alat rintangan.
Apabila motor dihidup rintangan rotor berada pada nilai maksima.
rintangan ini akan akan mengurangkan arus mula di rotor secara beransur ansur
Penurunan nilainya adalah selaras dengan pertambahan kelajuan sahingga apabila motor mencapai kelajuan maksima dan ketiga tiga lilitan dilitar pintaskan.
Ia biasanya digunakan di rumah pam, pemampat udara, sistem hawa dingin (kerja berat) dan sebagainya.
Iaitu motor-motor yang terdiri lebih daripada 25 k.k . Mengikut peraturan Elektrik ( Bekalan Lembaga )
1949, Penghidup secara rotor berperintang boleh digunakan untuk motor-motor melebihi 25 k.k.
Bagi penghidup secara rotor berperintang,ia perlu menggunakan perintang yang sesuai dan dilengkapi dengan pelepas tiada- voltan.
Fungsi perintang di rotor ialah untuk mengurangkan arus mula di rotor.
Ia juga boleh digunakan untuk mengawal kelajuan motor.
Kebaikan penghidup rintangan motorKebaikan penghidup rintangan motor
i. Sesuai untuk kerja yang memerlukan daya kilas yang tinggi semasa menghidup.
ii. Gelung stator memperolehi voltan bekalan dengan sepenuhnya.
iii. Sesuai untuk motor-motor yang disambungkan secara bintang atau delta distator.
Keburukan penghidup rintangan motorKeburukan penghidup rintangan motor
i. Ianya terhad kepada motor jenis rotor berlilitan
ii. Memerlukan penyelengaraan tambahan.
iii. Banyak kehilangan kuasa di motor.
Gambarajah Litar Kawalan Penghidup Motor Rotor Gambarajah Litar Kawalan Penghidup Motor Rotor Berperintang.Berperintang.
C1C1
TDR 1
C2
TDR 2
C3
RUNNING LIGHT
LAMPU PENUNJUKBEBAN LAMPAU
C2
TDR1
TDR2
C3
C2
C1
PB ‘OFF’ PB ‘ON’O/L
NO
NC
MCB 6A
Gambarajah Litar Utama Penghidup Motor Gambarajah Litar Utama Penghidup Motor Rotor Berperintang.Rotor Berperintang.
MCB
C1
O/L
C2
C3PERINTANG PERINGKAT 2
PERINTANG PERINGKAT 1
S1 S3S2
E3 D3F3
D1E1F1
Bekalan 3 fasa
Penghidup Motor 3 fasa kawalan Penghidup Motor 3 fasa kawalan Hadapan dan belakangHadapan dan belakang
Sepertimana kita tahu bahawa motor aruhan 3 fasa boleh diputarkan samada dalam putaran ikut jam atau lawan jam.
Untuk menyongsangkan arah putaran motor adalah dengan cara menukarkan turutan fasa bekalan masukan seperti:
Untuk meyongsang arah putarannya kita memerlukan penghidup dengan kawalan suis kendalian tangan atau secara automatik.
Ini adalah kerana motor 3 fasa yang mempunyai kadaran kuasa ½ k.k atau lebih memerlukan penghidup untuk menggerakkan nya.
RYB = RBY
Berikut adalah diantara jenis-jenis penghidup dengan kawalan kehadapan dan kebelakan / mara –songsang :
i. Penghidup Talian Terus mara songsang.
ii. Penghidup Bintang Delta mara songsang.
iii. Penghidup Alatubah-Auto mara songsang.
iv. Penghidup rotor berperintang mara songsang.
Penghidup Talian Terus mara-songsang.Penghidup Talian Terus mara-songsang.
Litar Kawalan dan litar utama Penghidup
R
R Y BPB3
PB1 PB2
F
FR
M
F R
Fius/ MCBFius
Suis UtamaF R
O / L
Bekalan 3 fasa
Contactor yang digunakan adalah jenis 415 Volt
Note:
PB1 : Mara
PB2 : SongsangO/L
Penghidup Bintang-Delta Mara songsangPenghidup Bintang-Delta Mara songsang
Note:
PB1 : Mara.
PB2 : Songsang
Litar kawalan.
STOP
PB1
PB2
LAMPU TRIP
FO / LMCB F
F
RR
R
D
T
S
D
ST
R
D
T
S
FL
N
Contactor yang digunakan adalahjenis 240 Volt
Litar UtamaLitar Utama
Ke litar kawalan
R Y B
F F F R R R
A1 B1 C1
A1 B1 C1
S
B2
C2A2
A2 B2C2
MOTOR
Beban lampau
3 phase MCB / MCCB