kar.kent.ac.uk · Ecopogy and Evopuon 2017; 7: 145Œ188 | 145 Received Apriq r |科Revised...
45
Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Citation for published version Hudson, Lawrence N. and Newbold, Tim and Contu, Sara and Hill, Samantha L. L. and Lysenko, Igor and De Palma, Adriana and Phillips, Helen R. P. and Alhusseini, Tamera I. and Bedford, Felicity E. and Bennett, Dominic J. and Booth, Hollie and Burton, Victoria J. and Chng, Charlotte W. T. and Choimes, Argyrios and Correia, David L. P. and Day, Julie and Echeverría-Londoño, DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2579 Link to record in KAR http://kar.kent.ac.uk/60494/ Document Version Publisher pdf
Transcript of kar.kent.ac.uk · Ecopogy and Evopuon 2017; 7: 145Œ188 | 145 Received Apriq r |科Revised...
Kent Academic RepositoryFull text document (pdf)
Copyright & reuse
Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all
content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions
for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder.
Versions of research
The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version.
Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the
published version of record.
Enquiries
For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact:
If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down
information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html
Citation for published version
Hudson, Lawrence N. and Newbold, Tim and Contu, Sara and Hill, Samantha L. L. and Lysenko,Igor and De Palma, Adriana and Phillips, Helen R. P. and Alhusseini, Tamera I. and Bedford,Felicity E. and Bennett, Dominic J. and Booth, Hollie and Burton, Victoria J. and Chng, CharlotteW. T. and Choimes, Argyrios and Correia, David L. P. and Day, Julie and Echeverría-Londoño,
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2579
Link to record in KAR
http://kar.kent.ac.uk/60494/
Document Version
Publisher pdf
Eco握ogy and Evo握u試on 2017; 7: 145�188 科|科145www.ecolevol.org
ReceivedrゴゴApri旭ゴグゲ葦科 |科 RevisedrゲグSeptemberゴグゲ葦科 |科 AcceptedrゴゴSeptemberゴグゲ葦DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2579
O R I G I N A L R E S E A R C H
The database of the PREDICTS ｪProjec抄ng Responses of Eco旭ogica旭 Diversity In Changing Terrestria旭 Systemsｫ project
Lawrence Ns Hudson1* 科|科Tim Newbo旭d2,3ｰ科|科Sara Contu1科|科Samantha Ls Ls Hi旭旭1,2科|科
Igor Lysenko4科|科Adriana De Pa旭ma1,4科|科He旭en Rs Ps Phi旭旭ips1,4科|科Tamera Is A旭husseini5科|科
Fe旭icity Es Bedford6科|科Dominic Js Bennet4科|科Ho旭旭ie Booth2,7科|科Victoria Js Burton1,8科|科
Char旭ote Ws Ts Chng4科|科Argyrios Choimes1,4 科|科David Ls Ps Correia9科|科Ju旭ie Day4科|科
Susy Echeverr趣a､Londo汁o1,4科|科Susan Rs Emerson1科|科Di Gao1科|科Morgan Garon4科|科
Miche旭旭e Ls Ks Harrison4科|科Danie旭 Js Ingram10科|科Mar抄n Jung10 科|科Victoria Kemp11科|科
Lucinda Kirkpatrick12科|科Ca旭旭um Ds Mar抄n13科|科Yuan Pan14科|科Gwi旭ym Ds Pask､Ha旭e1科|科
Edwin Ls Pynegar15科|科A旭exandra Ns Robinson5科|科Ka抄a Sanchez､Or抄z16科|科
Rebecca As Senior14科|科Benno Is Simmons4科|科Hannah Js White17科|科Hanbin Zhang16科|科
Job Aben18,19科|科Stefan Abrahamczyk20科|科Gi旭bert Bs Adum21,22科|科
Virginia Agui旭ar､Barquero23科|科Marce旭o As Aizen24科|科Be旭爾n A旭bertos25科|科Es Ls A旭ca旭a26科|科
Maria de旭 Mar A旭guaci旭27科|科Audrey A旭ignier28,29科|科Marc Ancrenaz30,31科|科
A旭an Ns Andersen32科|科Enrique Arbe旭史ez､Cort爾s33,34科|科Inge Armbrecht35科|科
V趣ctor Arroyo､Rodr趣guez36科|科Tom Aumann37科|科Jan Cs Axmacher38科|科Badru旭 Azhar39,40科|科
Adri史n Bs Azpiroz41科|科Lander Baeten42,43科|科Adama Bakayoko44,45科|科Andr史s B史旭di46科|科
John Es Banks47科|科Sharad Ks Bara旭48科|科Jos Bar旭ow49,50科|科Barbara Is Ps Barrat51科|科
Lurdes Barrico52科|科Pao旭a Barto旭ommei53科|科Diane Ms Barton51科|科Yves Basset54科|科
P爾ter Bat史ry55科|科Adam Js Bates56,57科|科Bruno Baur58科|科Erin Ms Bayne59科|科Pedro Beja60科|科
Suzan Benedick61科|科鶏ke Berg62科|科Henry Bernard63科|科Nicho旭as Js Berry64科|科
Dinesh Bhat65科|科Jake Es Bickne旭旭66,67科|科Jochen Hs Bihn68科|科Robin Js B旭ake69,70科|科
Kadiri Ss Bobo71,72科|科Roberto B祝çon73科|科Teun Boekhout74科|科Katrin B塾hning､Gaese75,76科|科
Kevin Js Bonham77科|科Pau旭o As Vs Borges78科|科S爾rgio Hs Borges79科|科C爾旭ine Bou抄n80科|科
J爾r爾my Bouyer81,82科|科Cibe旭e Bragagno旭o83科|科Jodi Ss Brandt84科|科Francis Qs Brear旭ey85科|科
Isabe旭 Brito86科|科Vicenç Bros87,88科|科J塾rg Brunet89科|科Grzegorz Buczkowski90科|科
Christopher Ms Budd旭e91科|科Rob Bugter92科|科Erika Buscardo93,94,95科|科J塾rn Buse96科|科
Jimmy Cabra､Garc趣a97,98科|科Ni旭ton Cs C史ceres99科|科Nico旭ete Ls Cag旭e100科|科
Mar趣a Ca旭vi汁o､Cance旭a101科|科Sydney As Cameron102,103科|科E旭iana Ms Cance旭旭o104科|科
Rut Caparr祝s25,105科|科Pedro Cardoso78,106科|科Dan Carpenter107,108科|科Tiago Fs Carrijo109科|科
Ane旭ena Ls Carva旭ho79科|科Cami旭a Rs Cassano110科|科He旭ena Castro52科|科
Thisisanopenaccessar抄c旭eunderthetermsoftheCrea抄veCommonsAtribu抄onLicensepwhichpermitsusepdistribu抄onandreproduc抄oninanymediumpprovidedtheorigina旭workisproper旭ycitedsｻゴグゲ葦TheAuthorssEco握ogy and Evo握u試onpub旭ishedbyJohnWi旭eyｹSonsLtds
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ゲジ葦科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
A旭ejandro As Castro､Luna111科|科Ro旭ando Cerda Bs112科|科A旭exis Cerezo113科|科
Kim A旭an Chapman114科|科Mathieu Chauvat115科|科Morten Christensen116科|科
Francis Ms C旭arke117科|科Danie旭 FsRs C旭eary118科|科Giorgio Co旭ombo119科|科Stuart Ps Connop120科|科
Michae旭 Ds Craig121,122科|科Leopo旭do Cruz､L祝pez123科|科Sau旭 As Cunningham124科|科
Biagio DvAnie旭旭o125科|科Nei旭 DvCruze126科|科Pedro Giov嗣ni da Si旭va127科|科Mar抄n Da旭旭imer128科|科
Emmanue旭 Danquah21科|科Ben Darvi旭旭129科|科Jens Dauber130科|科Adrian Ls Vs Davis131科|科
Jef Dawson132科|科C旭audio de Sassi133科|科Benoit de Thoisy134科|科O旭ivier Deheuve旭s135,136科|科
A旭ain Dejean137,138,139科|科Jean､Louis Devineau140科|科Tim Diek塾ter141,142,143科|科
Jignasu Vs Do旭ia144,145科|科Erwin Dom趣nguez146科|科Yami旭eth Dominguez､Haydar147科|科
Si旭via Dorn148科|科Isabe旭 Draper105科|科Nie旭s Dreber149,150科|科Bertrand Dumont151科|科
Simon Gs Dures4,152科|科Mats Dynesius153科|科Lars Edenius154科|科Pau旭 Egg旭eton1科|科
Fe旭ix Eigenbrod155科|科Zo旭t史n E旭ek156,157科|科Mar抄n Hs Ent旭ing158科|科Karen Js Es旭er159,160科|科
Ricardo Fs de Lima161,162科|科Aisyah Faruk163,164科|科Nina Farwig165科|科Tom Ms Fay旭e4,166,167科|科
Antonio Fe旭icio旭i168科|科Annika Ms Fe旭ton169科|科Roderick Js Fensham170,171科|科
Ignacio Cs Fernandez172科|科Catarina Cs Ferreira173科|科Gen抄旭e Fs Ficeto旭a174科|科
Cris抄na Fiera175科|科Bruno Ks Cs Fi旭gueiras176科|科H訟seyin Ks Fırıncıo者旭u177科|科
David F旭aspoh旭er178科|科Andreas F旭oren179科|科Steven Js Fonte180,181科|科Anne Fournier182科|科
Robert Es Fow旭er10科|科Markus Franz爾n183科|科Lauch旭an Hs Fraser184科|科
Gabrie旭旭a Ms Fredriksson185,186科|科Gera旭do Bs Freire､Jr187科|科Tiago Ls Ms Frizzo187科|科
Daisuke Fukuda188科|科Dario Fur旭ani119科|科Ren爾 Gaigher159科|科J塾rg Us Ganzhorn189科|科
Kar旭a Ps Garc趣a190,191科|科Juan Cs Garcia､R192科|科Jenni Gs Garden193,194,195科|科
Ricardo Gari旭旭e抄25科|科Bao､Ming Ge196科|科Benoit Gendreau､Berthiaume197科|科
Phi旭ippa Js Gerard198科|科Car旭a Ghe旭er､Costa199科|科Benjamin Gi旭bert200科|科Pao旭o Giordani201科|科
Simoneta Giordano125科|科Car旭y Go旭odets202科|科Laurens Gs Ls Gomes203科|科
Rache旭旭e Ks Gou旭d204科|科Dave Gou旭son10科|科Aaron Ds Gove205,206科|科Laurent Granjon207科|科
Ingo Grass55,165科|科C旭audia Ls Gray10,208科|科James Grogan209科|科Weibin Gu210科|科
Mois治s Guardio旭a211科|科Nihara Rs Gunawardene206科|科A旭varo Gs Gu抄errez212科|科
Doris Ls Gu抄爾rrez､Lamus213科|科Danie旭a Hs Haarmeyer214科|科Mick Es Han旭ey215科|科
Thor Hanson216科|科Nor Rs Hashim217科|科Shombe Ns Hassan218科|科Richard Gs Hatie旭d219科|科
Joseph Es Hawes220科|科Mat Ws Hayward221,222,223科|科Chris抄an H爾bert224科|科
A旭vin Js He旭den220科|科John､Andr爾 Henden225科|科Phi旭ipp Hensche旭226科|科Lione旭 Hern史ndez227科|科
James Ps Herrera228科|科Farina Herrmann55科|科Fe旭ix Herzog229科|科Diego Higuera､Diaz230科|科
Branko Hi旭je231科|科Hubert H塾fer232科|科Anke Hofmann233科|科Finbarr Gs Horgan234,235科|科
E旭isabeth Hornung236科|科Ro旭and Horv史th237科|科Kristofer Hy旭ander238科|科
Pao旭a Isaacs､Cubides239科|科Hiroaki Ishida240科|科Masahiro Ishitani241科|科Carmen Ts Jacobs131科|科
V趣ctor Js Jarami旭旭o242科|科Birgit Jauker243科|科Fs Jim爾nez Hern史ndez244科|科
McKenzie Fs Johnson100科|科Virat Jo旭旭i245,246科|科Mats Jonse旭旭247科|科Ss Nur Ju旭iani248科|科
Thomas Ss Jung249科|科Vena Kapoor250科|科Heike Kappes251科|科Vassi旭iki Ka抄252科|科
科架 科 | 科ゲジゼHUDSON ET AL.
Eric Katovai253,254科|科K旭aus Ke旭旭ner255科|科Michae旭 Kess旭er256科|科Kathryn Rs Kirby257科|科
Andrew Ms Kit旭e258科|科Mairi Es Knight259科|科Eva Knop260科|科F旭orian Koh旭er261科|科
Ma焼 Koivu旭a262科|科Annete Ko旭b263科|科Mouhamadou Kone264,265科|科蛍d史m K術r塾si156,266科|科
Jochen Krauss179科|科Ajith Kumar267科|科Raman Kumar268科|科David Js Kurz269科|科
A旭ex Ss Kut270科|科Thibau旭t Lachat271,272科|科Victoria Lantschner273科|科Francisco Lara105科|科
Jesse Rs Lasky274科|科Steven Cs Lata275科|科Wi旭旭iam Fs Laurance276科|科Patrick Lave旭旭e277,278科|科
Vio旭ete Le F爾on279科|科Gretchen LeBuhn280科|科Jean､Phi旭ippe L爾gar爾281科|科
Va旭爾rie Lehouck282科|科Mar趣a Vs Lencinas283科|科Pia Es Len抄ni284科|科Susan Gs Letcher285科|科
Qi Li286科|科Simon As Litchwark287科|科Nick As Lit旭ewood288科|科Yunhui Liu289科|科
Nancy Lo､Man､Hung290科|科Car旭os As L祝pez､Quintero291科|科Mounir Louhaichi292,293科|科
Gabor Ls L塾vei294科|科Manue旭 Esteban Lucas､Borja295科|科Victor Hs Luja296科|科
Mathew Ss Luskin269科|科M Cris抄na MacSwiney G297科|科Kaoru Maeto298科|科Tibor Magura299科|科
Nei旭 A旭drin Ma旭旭ari300,301科|科Louise As Ma旭one302科|科Patrick Ks Ma旭onza303科|科
Jagoba Ma旭umbres､O旭arte304科|科Sa旭vador Mandujano305科|科Inger Es M姿ren306科|科
Erika Marin､Spiota307科|科Char旭es Js Marsh308科|科Es Js Ps Marsha旭旭309科|科E旭iana Mar掌nez310科|科
Gui旭旭ermo Mar掌nez Pastur283科|科David Moreno Mateos311科|科Margaret Ms Mayie旭d312科|科
Vicente Mazimpaka105科|科Jennifer Ls McCarthy313科|科Ky旭e Ps McCarthy314科|科
Quinn Ss McFrederick315科|科Sean McNamara316科|科Nagore Gs Medina105,317科|科
Rafae旭 Medina318科|科Jose Ls Mena319科|科Estefania Mico320科|科Grzegorz Mikusinski321科|科
Jefrey Cs Mi旭der322,323科|科James Rs Mi旭旭er324科|科Danie旭 Rs Miranda､Esquive旭325科|科
Me旭inda Ls Moir284,326科|科Caro旭ina Ls Mora旭es327科|科Mary Ns Muchane328科|科
Muchai Muchane329科|科Sonja Mudri､Stojnic330科|科As Nur Munira331科|科
Antonio Muo汁z､A旭onso332科|科Bs Fs Munyekenye333科|科Robin Naidoo334科|科As Naithani335,336科|科
Michiko Nakagawa337科|科Akihiro Nakamura338,339科|科Yoshihiro Nakashima340科|科
Shoji Naoe341科|科Guiomar Nates､Parra342科|科Dario As Navarrete Gu抄errez343科|科
Luis Navarro､Iriarte344科|科Pau旭 Ks Ndangvangva345,346科|科Eike Ls Neuschu旭z75科|科
Jacque旭ine Ts Ngai347科|科Vio旭aine Nico旭as348科|科Sven Gs Ni旭sson349科|科
Norbertas Noreika350,351科|科O旭ivia Norfo旭k352科|科Jorge Ari Noriega353科|科
David As Norton354科|科Nico旭e Ms N塾ske355科|科As Jus抄n Nowakowski356科|科
Catherine Numa357科|科Nia旭旭 OvDea358科|科Patrick Js OvFarre旭旭359,360科|科Wi旭旭iam Oduro21,361科|科
Sabine Oert旭i362科|科Ca旭eb Ofori､Boateng363,364科|科Christopher Omamoke Oke365科|科
Vicencio Oostra366科|科Lynne Ms Osgathorpe367科|科Samue旭 Eduardo Otavo368科|科
Navendu Vs Page369科|科Juan Paritsis370科|科A旭ejandro Parra､H371科|科Luke Parry372,373科|科
Guy Pever183,374科|科Peter Bs Pearman375,376科|科Nico旭史s Pe旭egrin377科|科Rapha磁旭 P爾旭issier378,379科|科
Car旭os As Peres380科|科Pab旭o Ls Peri381,382,383科|科Anna Ss Persson349科|科
Theodora Petanidou384科|科Marce旭旭 Ks Peters385科|科Rohan Ss Pethiyagoda386科|科Ben Pha旭an387科|科
Ts Keith Phi旭ips388科|科Finn Cs Pi旭旭sbury389科|科Jimmy Pincheira､U旭brich190,390科|科
Eduardo Pineda391科|科Joan Pino211,392科|科Jaime Pizarro､Araya393科|科As Js P旭umptre394科|科
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Ei旭een Fs Power399科|科Steven Js Pres旭ey400科|科V嗣nia Proença401科|科Marino Quaranta402科|科
Caro旭ina Quintero370科|科Romina Rader403科|科Bs Rs Ramesh379科|科Martha Ps Ramirez､Pini旭旭a404科|科
Jai Ranganathan405科|科C旭aus Rasmussen406科|科Nico旭a As Redpath､Downing407科|科
Js Leighton Reid408科|科Yana Ts Reis409科|科Jos爾 Ms Rey Benayas410科|科Juan Car旭os Rey､Ve旭asco411科|科
Chevonne Reyno旭ds412,413科|科Dani旭o Bandini Ribeiro414科|科Miriam Hs Richards415科|科
Barbara As Richardson416,417科|科Michae旭 Js Richardson416,417科|科Rodrigo Macip R趣os418科|科
Richard Robinson419科|科Caro旭ina As Rob旭es420科|科J塾rg R塾mbke421,422科|科
Luz Piedad Romero､Duque423科|科Mathias R塾s424科|科Loreta Rosse旭旭i425科|科
Stephen Js Rossiter11科|科Dana Ss Roth426科|科Tvai Hs Rou旭ston427,428科|科Laurent Rousseau429科|科
Andr爾 Vs Rubio430科|科Jean､C旭aude Rue旭9科|科Jonathan Ps Sad旭er431科|科Szabo旭cs S史i史n432科|科
Romeo As Sa旭da汁a､V史zquez433科|科Katerina Sam194,434,435科|科U旭rika Samneg姿rd238,349科|科
Joana Santana60科|科Xavier Santos60科|科Jade Savage436科|科Nancy As Sche旭旭horn437科|科
Menno Schi旭thuizen438,439科|科Ute Schmiede旭440科|科Chris抄ne Bs Schmit441,442科|科
Nico旭e Ls Schon443科|科Christof Sch訟epp260科|科Katharina Schumann444科|科O旭iver Schweiger183科|科
Dawn Ms Scot445科|科Kenneth As Scot446科|科Jodi Ls Sed旭ock447科|科Steven Ss Seefe旭dt448科|科
Ghaza旭a Shahabuddin449科|科Graeme Shannon223,450科|科Doug旭as Shei旭451科|科
Frederick Hs She旭don452,453科|科Eya旭 Shochat454,455科|科Stefan Js Siebert255科|科
Fernando As Bs Si旭va456科|科Javier As Simone焼430科|科E旭eanor Ms S旭ade208科|科Jo Smith457科|科
A旭旭an Hs Smith､Pardo458,459科|科Navjot Ss Sodhi460科|科Eduardo Js Somarriba112科|科
Ram祝n As Sosa461科|科Grima旭do Soto Quiroga112,462科|科Mar抄n､Hugues St､Laurent463科|科
Brian Ms Starzomski464科|科Constan抄 Stefanescu211,392,465科|科Ingo旭f Stefan､Dewenter179科|科
Phi旭ip Cs Stoufer466,467科|科Jane Cs Stout399科|科Ayron Ms Strauch468科|科Mathew Js Struebig66科|科
Zhimin Su469,470科|科Marce旭a Suarez､Rubio471科|科Shinji Sugiura298科|科Keith Ss Summervi旭旭e472科|科
Yik､Hei Sung473科|科Hari Sutrisno474科|科Jens､Chris抄an Svenning475科|科Tiit Teder476科|科
Caragh Gs Thre旭fa旭旭477科|科Anu Tiitsaar476科|科Jacqui Hs Todd302科|科Rebecca Ks Tonieto478科|科
Ignasi Torre465科|科B爾旭a T祝thm爾r爾sz479科|科Teja Tscharntke55科|科Edgar Cs Turner480科|科
Jason Ms Ty旭ianakis4,481科|科Marcio Uehara､Prado482科|科Nico旭as Urbina､Cardona483科|科
Denis Va旭旭an484科|科Adam Js Vanbergen485科|科Hera旭do Ls Vasconce旭os486科|科Kiri旭 Vassi旭ev487科|科
Hans As Fs Verboven488科|科Maria Jo四o Verdasca489科|科Jos爾 Rs Verd衝320科|科
Car旭os Hs Vergara490科|科Pab旭o Ms Vergara491科|科Jort Verhu旭st492科|科Massimi旭iano Virgi旭io493科|科
Lien Van Vu494科|科Edward Ms Waite495科|科Tony Rs Wa旭ker352,496科|科Hua､Feng Wang497科|科
Yanping Wang498科|科James Is Wat旭ing499科|科Brita We旭旭er189科|科Konstans We旭旭s500,501科|科
Catrin Westpha旭55科|科Edward Ds Wiafe502科|科Christopher Ds Wi旭旭iams503科|科
Michae旭 Rs Wi旭旭ig504,505科|科John Cs Zs Woinarski446科|科Jan Hs Ds Wo旭f506科|科
Vo旭kmar Wo旭ters243科|科Ben As Woodcock507科|科Jihua Wu508科|科Joseph Ms Wunder旭ep Jr509科|科
Yuichi Yamaura341科|科Satoko Yoshikura510科|科Doug旭as Ws Yu511,512科|科Andrey Ss Zaitsev243,513科|科
Ju旭iane Zeid旭er514科|科Fasheng Zou515科|科Ben Co旭旭en3科|科Rob Ms Ewers4科|科
Georgina Ms Mace3科|科Drew Ws Purves516科|科J塾rn Ps Ws Schar旭emann2,10科|科Andy Purvis1,4
科架 科 | 科ゲジゾHUDSON ET AL.
1DepartmentofLifeSciencespNatura旭HistoryMuseumpLondonpUK2UnitedNa抄onsEnvironmentProgrammeWor旭dConserva抄onMonitoringCentrepCambridgepUK3DepartmentofGene抄cspEvo旭u抄onandEnvironmentpCentreforBiodiversityandEnvironmentpResearchpUniversityCo旭旭egeLondonpLondonpUK4DepartmentofLifeSciencespImperia旭Co旭旭egeLondonpAscotpUK5Imperia旭Co旭旭egeLondonpSouthKensingtonpLondonpUK6DepartmentofZoo旭ogypCambridgeUniversitypCambridgepUK7FrankfurtZoo旭ogica旭SocietypAfricaRegiona旭OicepArushapTanzania8ScienceandSo旭u抄onsforaChangingP旭anetDTPandtheDepartmentofLifeSciencespImperia旭Co旭旭egeLondonpSouthKensingtonpLondonpUK9Centredv爾tudede旭afor璽tspUniversit爾Lava旭pLava旭pQCpCanada10Schoo旭ofLifeSciencespUniversityofSussexpBrightonpUK11Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭andChemica旭SciencespQueenMaryUniversityofLondonpLondonpUK12Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭andEco旭ogica旭SciencespUniversityofS抄r旭ingpS抄r旭ingpUK13Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭SciencespRoya旭Ho旭旭owayUniversityofLondonpEghampSurreypUK14DepartmentofAnima旭andP旭antSciencespUniversityofSheie旭dpWesternBankpSheie旭dpUK15Schoo旭ofEnvironmentpNatura旭ResourcesandGeographypBangorUniversitypBangorpGwyneddpUK16UniversityCo旭旭egeLondonpLondonpUK17Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭SciencespQueenvsUniversityBe旭fastpBe旭fastpUK18Ins抄tuteofBio旭ogica旭andEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityofAberdeenpAberdeenpUK19Evo旭u抄onaryEco旭ogyGrouppUniversityofAntwerppAntwerppBe旭gium20NeesIns抄tuteforP旭antBiodiversitypUniversityofBonnpBonnpGermany21Wi旭d旭ifeandRangeManagementDepartmentpFacu旭tyofRenewab旭eNatura旭ResourcesｪFRNRｫpCo旭旭egeofAgricu旭tureandNatura旭ResourcesｪCANRｫpKwameNkrumahUniversityofScienceandTechno旭ogyｪKNUSTｫpKumasipGhana22SAVETHEFROGSmGhanapAdum､KumasipGhana23Escue旭adeBio旭og趣apUniversidaddeCostaRicapSanJos爾pCostaRica24LaboratorioEcotono､CRUBpUniversidadNaciona旭de旭ComahueandINIBIOMApR趣oNegropArgen抄na25DepartamentodeBot史nicapFacu旭taddeFarmaciapUniversidaddeVa旭enciapBurjassotpVa旭enciapSpain26MarineLaboratorypSi旭旭imanUniversity､Ange旭oKingCenterforResearchandEnvironmenta旭ManagementpSi旭旭imanUniversitypDumagueteCitypPhi旭ippines27DepartmentofSoi旭andWaterConserva抄onpCSIC､CentrodeEdafo旭og趣ayBio旭og趣aAp旭icadade旭SegurapMurciapSpain28INRApURグゾ芦グSAD､PaysagepRennesCedexpFrance29INRApUMRゲゴグゲDYNAFORpCastanetTo旭osanCedexpFrance30HUTAN･KinabatanganOrang､utanConserva抄onProgrammepKotaKinaba旭upMa旭aysia31BorneoFuturespKotaKinaba旭upMa旭aysia32CSIROLandｹWaterF旭agshippWinne旭旭iepNTpAustra旭ia33MuseodeZoo旭og趣apFacu旭taddeCienciaspUniversidadNaciona旭Aut祝nomadeM爾xicopM爾xicoDsFspMexico34Co旭ecci祝ndeTejidospIns抄tutodeInves抄gaci祝ndeRecursosBio旭祝gicosA旭exandervonHumbo旭dtpVa旭旭ede旭CaucapCo旭ombia35Bio旭ogyDepartmentpUniversidadde旭Va旭旭epCa旭ipCo旭ombia36Ins抄tutodeInves抄gacionesenEcosistemasySustentabi旭idadpUniversidadNaciona旭Aut祝nomadeM爾xicopMore旭iapMexico37Co旭旭egeofSciencepEngineeringｹHea旭thpRMITUniversitypMe旭bournepVicspAustra旭ia38UCLDepartmentofGeographypUniversityCo旭旭egeLondonpLondonpUK39BiodiversityUnitpIns抄tuteofBiosciencepUniversi抄PutraMa旭aysiapSerdangpMa旭aysia40Facu旭tyofForestrypUniversi抄PutraMa旭aysiapSerdangpMa旭aysia41DepartamentodeBiodiversidadyGen爾抄capIns抄tutodeInves抄gacionesBio旭祝gicasC旭ementeEstab旭epMontevideopUruguay42ForestｹNatureLabpDepartmentofForestandWaterManagementpGhentUniversitypGontrodepBe旭gium43Terrestria旭Eco旭ogyUnitpDepartmentofBio旭ogypGhentUniversitypGhentpBe旭gium44UFRSciencede旭aNaturepUniversit爾NaanguiAbrogouapAbidjanpIvoryCoast45CentreSuissedeRecherchesScien抄iquesenC縮tedvIvoirepAbidjanpIvoryCoast46MTACentreforEco旭ogica旭ResearchpV史cr史t祝tpHungary47UniversityofWashingtonTacomapTacomapWApUSA48NorthernHardwoodsResearchIns抄tutepEdmundstonpNBpCanada49LancasterEnvironmentCentrepLancasterUniversitypLancasterpUK50MCT｠MuseuParaenseEm趣旭ioGoe旭dipBe旭爾mpBrazi旭
ゲズグ科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
51AgResearchLimitedpInvermayAgricu旭tura旭CentrepPudd旭eA旭旭eypMosgie旭pNewZea旭and52CentreforFunc抄ona旭Eco旭ogypDepartmentofLifeSciencespUniversityofCoimbrapCoimbrapPortuga旭53COTｪTuscanOrnitho旭ogica旭SocietyｫpLivornopIta旭y54SmithsonianTropica旭ResearchIns抄tutepBa旭boapAnconpPanamaCitypRepub旭icofPanama55Agroeco旭ogypDepartmentofCropSciencespGeorg､AugustUniversitypG塾焼ngenpGermany56BiosciencespSchoo旭ofScienceｹTechno旭ogypNo焼nghamTrentUniversitypC旭itonpNo焼nghampUK57UniversityofBirminghampEdgbastonpBirminghampUK58Sec抄onofConserva抄onBio旭ogypDepartmentofEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityofBase旭pBase旭pSwitzer旭and59DepartmentofBio旭ogica旭SciencespUniversityofA旭bertapEdmontonpABpCanada60CIBIO｠InBiopCentrodeInves抄gaç四oemBiodiversidadeeRecursosGen爾抄cospUniversidadedoPortopVair四opPortuga旭61Facu旭tyofSustainab旭eAgricu旭turepUniversi抄Ma旭aysiaSabahpSandakanpMa旭aysia62TheSwedishUniversityofAgricu旭tura旭SciencespTheSwedishBiodiversityCentrepUppsa旭apSweden63Ins抄tuteforTropica旭Bio旭ogyandConserva抄onpUniversi抄Ma旭aysiaSabahpJa旭anUMSpKotaKinaba旭upMa旭aysia64Schoo旭ofGeosciencespUniversityofEdinburghpEdinburghpUK65DepartmentofZoo旭ogyｹEnvironmenta旭SciencepGuruku旭aKangriUniversitypHaridwarpIndia66Durre旭旭Ins抄tuteofConserva抄onandEco旭ogyｪDICEｫpSchoo旭ofAnthropo旭ogyandConserva抄onpUniversityofKentpCanterburypUK67IwokramaInterna抄ona旭CentreforRainforestConserva抄onandDeve旭opmentpGeorgetownpGuyana68DepartmentofEco旭ogy､Anima旭Eco旭ogypFacu旭tyofBio旭ogypPhi旭ipps､Universit士tMarburgpMarburgpGermany69Comp旭ianceServicesInterna抄ona旭pPent旭andsScienceParkpPenicuikpEdinburghpUK70CentreforAgri､Environmenta旭ResearchpSchoo旭ofAgricu旭turepPo旭icyandDeve旭opmentpUniversityofReadingpReadingpUK71Schoo旭fortheTrainingofWi旭d旭ifeSpecia旭istsGarouapGarouapCameroon72DepartmentofForestrypFacu旭tyofAgronomyandAgricu旭tura旭SciencespUniversityofDschangpDschangpCameroon73MaterNatura･Ins抄tutodeEstudosAmbientaispCuri抄bapBrazi旭74CBSFunga旭BiodiversityCentreｪCBS､KNAWｫpUtrechtpTheNether旭ands75SenckenbergBiodiversityandC旭imateResearchCentreｪBiK､FｫpFrankfurtamMainpGermany76Ins抄tuteforEco旭ogypEvo旭u抄onｹDiversitypGoetheUniversityFrankfurtpBio旭ogicumpFrankfurtamMainpGermany77Schoo旭ofLandandFoodpUniversityofTasmaniapSandyBaypTasspAustra旭ia78DepartamentodeCi璽nciasAgr史riaspcEザc･CentreforEco旭ogypEvo旭u抄onandEnvironmenta旭Changes｠AzoreanBiodiversityGroupandUniversidadedosAçorespAngradoHero趣smopAçorespPortuga旭79Ins抄tutoNaciona旭dePesquisasdaAmaz縮niapManauspBrazi旭80EnvironmentandC旭imateChangeCanadapScienceｹTechno旭ogyBranchpCar旭etonUniversitypOtawapONpCanada81Unit爾MixtedeRechercheContr縮旭edesMa旭adiesAnima旭esExo抄quesetEmergentespCentredeCoop爾ra抄onInterna抄ona旭eenRechercheAgronomiquepour旭eD爾ve旭oppementｪCIRADｫpMontpe旭旭ierpFrance82Unit爾MixtedeRechercheゲザグゾContr縮旭edesMa旭adiesAnima旭esExo抄quesetEmergentespIns抄tutna抄ona旭de旭arechercheagronomiqueｪINRAｫpMontpe旭旭ierpFrance83DepartamentodeZoo旭ogiapIns抄tutodeBioci璽nciaspUniversidadedeS四oPau旭opS四oPau旭opBrazi旭84HumanEnvironmentSystemsCenterpBoiseStateUniversitypBoisepIDpUSA85Schoo旭ofScienceandtheEnvironmentpManchesterMetropo旭itanUniversitypManchesterpUK86Universidadede孤vora･ICAAMp孤vorapPortuga旭87Natura旭ParksTechnica旭OicepDiputaci祝deBarce旭onapBarce旭onapSpain88Natura旭HistoryMuseumofBarce旭onapBarce旭onapCata旭oniapSpain89SwedishUniversityofAgricu旭tura旭SciencespSouthernSwedishForestResearchCentrepA旭narppSweden90DepartmentofEntomo旭ogypPurdueUniversitypWestLafayetepINpUSA91DepartmentofNatura旭ResourceSciencespMcGi旭旭UniversitypSte､Ann､de､Be旭旭evuepQCpCanada92A旭terrappartofWageningenUniversityandResearchpRBWageningenpTheNether旭ands93DepartamentodeCi璽nciasdaVidapCentrodeEco旭ogiaFunciona旭pUniversidadedeCoimbrapCoimbrapPortuga旭94DepartamentodeBio旭ogiaVegeta旭pIns抄tutodeBio旭ogiapUniversidadeEstadua旭deCampinaspCampinaspBrazi旭95DepartmentofBotanypSchoo旭ofNatura旭SciencespTrinityCo旭旭egeDub旭inpDub旭inゴpIre旭and96Ins抄tuteforEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityKob旭enz､LandaupLandaupGermany97DepartamentodeZoo旭ogiapIns抄tutodeBioci璽nciaspUniversidadedeS四oPau旭opS四oPau旭opBrazi旭98DepartamentodeBio旭og趣apGrupodeinves抄gaci祝nenBio旭og趣apEco旭og趣ayManejodeHormigaspSecci祝ndeEntomo旭og趣apUniversidadde旭Va旭旭epCa旭ipCo旭ombia
科架 科 | 科ゲズゲHUDSON ET AL.
99DepartmentofBio旭ogypFedera旭UniversityofSantaMariapCCNEpSantaMariapBrazi旭100Nicho旭asSchoo旭oftheEnvironmentpDukeUniversitypDurhampNCpUSA101DepartmentofEco旭ogyandAnima旭Bio旭ogypFacu旭tyofSciencespUniversityofVigopVigopSpain102DepartmentofEntomo旭ogypUniversityofI旭旭inoispUrbanapILpUSA103PrograminEco旭ogypEvo旭u抄onandConserva抄onBio旭ogypUniversityofI旭旭inoispUrbanapILpUSA104MuseudeZoo旭ogiadaUniversidadedeS四oPau旭opS四oPau旭opBrazi旭105DepartamentodeBio旭og趣aｪBot史nicaｫpFacu旭taddeCienciaspUniversidadAutonomadeMadridpMadridpSpain106FinnishMuseumofNatura旭HistorypUniversityofHe旭sinkipHe旭sinkipFin旭and107ParksandCountrysidepBrackne旭旭ForestCounci旭pBrackne旭旭pUK108Soi旭BiodiversityGrouppLifeSciencesDepartmentpNatura旭HistoryMuseumpLondonpUK109MuseudeZoo旭ogiadaUniversidadedeS四oPau旭opS四oPau旭opBrazi旭110Laborat祝riodeEco旭ogiaAp旭icada司Conservaç四opUniversidadeEstadua旭deSantaCruzpI旭h爾uspBrazi旭111Ins抄tutodeBiotecno旭ogiayEco旭ogiaAp旭icadaｪINBIOTECAｫpUniversidadVeracruzanapXa旭apapMexico112CentroAgron祝micoTropica旭deInves抄gaci祝nyEnse汁anzaｪCATIEｫpTropica旭Agricu旭tura旭ResearchandHigherEduca抄onCenterpTurria旭bapCostaRica113DepartmentofQuan抄ta抄veMethodsandInforma抄onSystemspFacu旭tyofAgronomypUniversityofBuenosAirespBuenosAirespArgen抄na114App旭iedEco旭ogica旭ServicespIncspPriorLakepMNpUSA115NormandieUnivpEAゲゴゾザECODIV､RouenpSFRSCALEpUFRSciencesetTechniquespMontSaintAignanCedexpFrance116MC､Consu旭tpSorøpDenmark117Ins抄tuteofBio旭ogica旭andEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityofAberdeenpAberdeenpUK118DepartmentofBio旭ogypCESAMpUniversidadedeAveiropAveiropPortuga旭119Dipar抄mentodiBio旭ogiapUniversit司deg旭iStudidiMi旭anopMi旭anopIta旭y120Sustainabi旭ityResearchIns抄tutepUniversityofEastLondonpLondonpUK121CentreofExce旭旭enceforEnvironmenta旭DecisionspSchoo旭ofP旭antBio旭ogypUniversityofWesternAustra旭iapNed旭andspWApAustra旭ia122Schoo旭ofVeterinaryandLifeSciencespMurdochUniversitypMurdochpWApAustra旭ia123GrupoEco旭og趣adeArtr祝podosyManejodeP旭agaspE旭Co旭egiode旭aFronteraSurpTapachu旭apMexico124CSIROLandandWaterF旭agshippCanberrapACTpAustra旭ia125Dipar抄mentodiBio旭ogiapUniversit司diNapo旭iFedericoIIpNapo旭ipIta旭y126Wi旭d旭ifeConserva抄onResearchUnitpDepartmentofZoo旭ogypUniversityofOxfordpRecana抄､Kap旭anCentrepTubneypUK127ProgramadeP祝s､Graduaç四oemEco旭ogiapUniversidadeFedera旭deSantaCatarinapF旭orian祝po旭ispBrazi旭128Sustainabi旭ityResearchIns抄tutepSchoo旭ofEarthandEnvironmentpUniversityofLeedspLeedspUK129Bri抄shTrustforOrnitho旭ogypS抄r旭ingpUK130Th訟nenIns抄tuteofBiodiversitypBraunschweigpGermany131ScarabResearchGrouppDepartmentofZoo旭ogyｹEntomo旭ogypUniversityofPretoriapHatie旭dpSouthAfrica132Durre旭旭Wi旭d旭ifeConserva抄onTrustpTrinitypJersey133CenterforInterna抄ona旭ForestryResearchpBogorpIndonesia134KwataNGOpCayennepFrenchGuiana135CIRADpUMRSystempMontpe旭旭ierpFrance136ICRAFpRegiona旭OiceforLa抄nAmericapLimapPeru137UPSpINPpLaboratoire孤co旭ogieFonc抄onne旭旭eetEnvironnementpUniversit爾deTou旭ousepTou旭ousepFrance138CNRS･UMRズゴジズpEco旭abpTou旭ousepFrance139CNRS･UMR芦ゲゼゴp孤co旭ogiedesFor璽tsdeGuyanepKouroucedexpFrance140CNRS･UMRゼゴグ葦ｪre抄redｫCNRS｠MNHNpParispFrance141DepartmentofLandscapeEco旭ogypIns抄tuteofNatura旭ResourceConserva抄onpKie旭UniversitypKie旭pGermany142DepartmentofBio旭ogypNatureConserva抄onpUniversityMarburgpMarburgpGermany143Ins抄tuteofIntegra抄veBio旭ogypETHZ訟richpZ訟richpSwitzer旭and144PostGraduatePrograminWi旭d旭ifeBio旭ogyandConserva抄onpNa抄ona旭CentreforBio旭ogica旭SciencespBanga旭orepIndia145Wi旭d旭ifeConserva抄onSocietyｪIndiaProgramｫpCentreforWi旭d旭ifeStudiespBanga旭orepIndia146Ins抄tutodeInves抄gacionesAgropecuarias･INIA･CRI･KampenaikepPuntaArenaspChi旭e147ProgramadeBio旭og趣apUniversidadde旭At旭史n抄copBarranqui旭旭apCo旭ombia148App旭iedEntomo旭ogypETHZ訟richpZ訟richpSwitzer旭and149UnitforEnvironmenta旭SciencesandManagementpNorth､WestUniversitypPotchefstroompSouthAfrica
ゲズゴ科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
150DepartmentofEcosystemMode旭旭ingpB訟sgen､Ins抄tutepGeorg､August､UniversityofG塾焼ngenpG塾焼ngenpGermany151INRApUMRゲゴゲザHerbivorespSaint､Gen治sChampane旭旭epFrance152Ins抄tuteofZoo旭ogypZoo旭ogica旭SocietyofLondonpRegentsParkpLondonpUK153DepartmentofEco旭ogyandEnvironmenta旭SciencepUme姿UniversitypUme姿pSweden154DepartmentofWi旭d旭ifepFishandEnvironmenta旭StudiespSwedishUniversityofAgricu旭tura旭SciencespUmeapSweden155CentreforBio旭ogica旭SciencespUniversityofSouthamptonpSouthamptonpUK156MTA､ELTE､MTMEco旭ogyResearchGrouppHungarianAcademyofSciencespc｠oBio旭ogica旭Ins抄tutepE塾tv塾sL祝r史ndUniversitypBudapestpHungary157HungarianNatura旭HistoryMuseumpBudapestpHungary158Ins抄tuteforEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityofKob旭enz､LandaupLandaupGermany159DepartmentofConserva抄onEco旭ogyandEntomo旭ogypSte旭旭enboschUniversitypMa抄e旭andpSouthAfrica160CentreforInvasionBio旭ogypSte旭旭enboschUniversitypMa抄e旭andpSouthAfrica161CEザC･CentreforEco旭ogypEvo旭u抄onandEnvironmenta旭ChangespFacu旭dadedeCi璽nciaspUniversidadedeLisboapLisboapPortuga旭162Associaç四oMontePicopMonteCaf爾pM爾Z祝chipS四oTom爾andPr趣ncipe163KewGardenspWakehurstpArding旭ypHaywardsHeathpSussexpUK164Wi旭dAsiapUpperPenthousepWismaRKTpKua旭aLumpurpMa旭aysia165Conserva抄onEco旭ogypFacu旭tyofBio旭ogypPhi旭ipps､Universit士tMarburgpMarburgpGermany166Ins抄tuteofEntomo旭ogypBio旭ogyCentreofAcademyofSciencesCzechRepub旭icp弦esk爾Bud痔jovicepCzechRepub旭ic167Ins抄tuteforTropica旭Bio旭ogyandConserva抄onpUniversi抄Ma旭aysiaSabahpKotaKinaba旭upMa旭aysia168Dipar抄mentodiScienzeVeterinariepUniversit司diPisapPisapIta旭y169SwedishUniversityofAgricu旭tura旭SciencespA旭narppSweden170DepartmentofBio旭ogica旭SciencespUniversityofQueens旭andpStLuciapQ旭dpAustra旭ia171Queens旭andHerbariumｪDSITIAｫpToowongpQ旭dpAustra旭ia172Schoo旭ofSustainabi旭itypArizonaStateUniversitypTempepAZpUSA173DepartmentofBio旭ogypTrentUniversitypPeterboroughpONpCanada174LaboratoiredvEco旭ogieA旭pineｪLECAｫpUniversit爾Grenob旭eA旭pespGrenob旭epFrance175Ins抄tuteofBio旭ogyBucharestofRomanianAcademypBucharestpRomania176UniversidadeFedera旭dePernambuco･UFPEpCidadeUniversitariapRecifepBrazi旭177Tar旭aBitki旭eriMerkezAraşırmaEns抄t訟s訟pYenimaha旭旭e､AnkarapTurkey178Schoo旭ofForestResourcesandEnvironmenta旭SciencepMichiganTechno旭ogica旭UniversitypHoughtonpMIpUSA179DepartmentofAnima旭Eco旭ogyandTropica旭Bio旭ogypBiocenterpUniversityofW訟rzburgpW訟rzburgpGermany180DepartmentofP旭antSciencespUniversityofCa旭iforniapDavispCApUSA181DepartmentofSoi旭andCropSciencespCo旭oradoStateUniversitypFortCo旭旭inspCOpUSA182IRD､UMRゴグ芦PALOCIRD｠MNHNpParispFrance183DepartmentofCommunityEco旭ogypUFZpHe旭mho旭tzCentreforEnvironmenta旭ResearchpHa旭旭epGermany184DepartmentofNatura旭ResourceSciencespThompsonRiversUniversitypKam旭oopspBCpCanada185Ins抄tuteforBiodiversityandEcosystemDynamicsｪIBEDｫpUniversityofAmsterdampGEAmsterdampTheNether旭ands186PanEco｠YayasanEkosistemLestaripSumatranOrangutanConserva抄onProgrammepMedanpIndonesia187ProgramadeP祝sGraduaç四oemEco旭ogiapUniversidadedeBras趣旭iapBras趣旭iapDistritoFedera旭pBrazi旭188IDEAConsu旭tantsIncspOkinawaBranchOicepNahapJapan189BiocentreGrinde旭pUniversityofHamburgpHamburgpGermany190DepartamentodeZoo旭og趣apFacu旭taddeCienciasNatura旭esyOceanogr史icaspUniversidaddeConcepci祝npConcepci祝npChi旭e191DepartamentodeP旭aniicaci祝nTerritoria旭pFacu旭taddeCienciasAmbienta旭espCentroEULA､Chi旭epUniversidaddeConcepci祝npConcepci祝npChi旭e192HopkirkIns抄tutepMasseyUniversitypPa旭merstonNorthpNewZea旭and193SeedConsu旭抄ngServicespAde旭aidepSApAustra旭ia194Environmenta旭FuturesResearchIns抄tutepGriithUniversitypBrisbanepQ旭dpAustra旭ia195BarbaraHardyIns抄tutepUniversityofSouthAustra旭iapMawsonLakespSApAustra旭ia196JiangsuKeyLaboratoryforBioresourcesofSa旭ineSoi旭spYanchengTeachersUniversitypYanchengpChina197D爾partementdessciencesbio旭ogiquespCentredv爾tudesde旭afor璽tUniversit爾duQu爾bec司Montr爾a旭Succursa旭eCentre､vi旭旭epMontr爾a旭pQCpCanada198AgResearchpRuakuraResearchCentrepHami旭tonpNewZea旭and199Eco旭ogiaAp旭icada｠App旭iedEco旭ogypUniversidadeSagradoCoraç四oｪUSCｫpBaurupBrazi旭200DepartmentofEco旭ogyandEvo旭u抄onaryBio旭ogypUniversityofTorontopTorontopONpCanada
科架 科 | 科ゲズザHUDSON ET AL.
201DIFARpUniversityofGenovapGenovapIta旭y202Te旭AvivUniversitypTe旭AvivpIsrae旭203Wor旭dWi旭d旭ifeFundpIncsｪWWFｫGuianaspParamaribopSuriname204RubensteinSchoo旭ofNatura旭ResourcespUniversityofVermontpBur旭ingtonpVTpUSA205AstronEnvironmenta旭ServicespEastPerthpWApAustra旭ia206DepartmentofEnvironmentandAgricu旭turepCur抄nUniversitypPerthpWApAustra旭ia207CentredeBio旭ogiepour旭aGes抄ondesPopu旭a抄onsｪCBGPｫpINRApIRDpCIRADpSUPAGROpMonferrier､sur､LezcedexpFrance208DepartmentofZoo旭ogypUniversityofOxfordpOxfordpUK209DepartmentofBio旭ogica旭SciencespMountHo旭yokeCo旭旭egepSouthHad旭eypMApUSA210ChinaInterna抄ona旭EngineeringConsu旭抄ngCorpora抄onpHaidianDistrictpBeijingpChina211CREAFpCerdanyo旭ade旭Va旭旭治spCata旭oniapSpain212DepartamentodeCienciasAmbienta旭esyRecursosNatura旭esRenovab旭espFacu旭taddeCienciasAgron祝micaspUniversidaddeChi旭epLaPintanapChi旭e213GruposdeFaunapIns抄tutoamaz祝nicodeinves抄gacionescien掌icasSinchispBogot史pCo旭ombia214BiodiversitypEvo旭u抄onandEco旭ogyofP旭antsｪBEEｫpBiocentreK旭einF旭otbekandBotanica旭GardenpUniversityofHamburgpHamburgpGermany215Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭SciencepUniversityofP旭ymouthpP旭ymouthpUK216FridayHarborpWApUSA217Interna抄ona旭UniversityofMa旭aya､Wa旭espJa旭anTunIsmai旭pKua旭aLumpurpMa旭aysia218DepartmentofWi旭d旭ifeManagementpSokoineUniversityofAgricu旭turepMorogoropTanzania219TheXercesSocietyforInvertebrateConserva抄onpPort旭andpORpUSA220Anima旭ｹEnvironmentResearchGrouppDepartmentofLifeSciencespAng旭iaRuskinUniversitypCambridgepUK221Wa旭terSisu旭uUniversitypMthathapTranskeipSouthAfrica222CentreforAfricanConserva抄onEco旭ogypNe旭sonMande旭aMetropo旭itanUniversitypPortE旭izabethpSouthAfrica223Co旭旭egeofNatura旭SciencespBangorUniversitypBangorpGwyneddpUK224Natura旭ResourcesCanadapCanadianForestServicepLauren抄anForestryCentrepQu爾becpQCpCanada225DepartmentofArc抄candMarineBio旭ogypUniversityofTromsøpTromsøpNorway226PantherapNewYorkpNYpUSA227UniversidadNaciona旭Experimenta旭deGuayanapPuertoOrdazpVenezue旭a228RichardGi旭derGraduateSchoo旭pAmericanMuseumofNatura旭HistorypNewYorkpNYpUSA229AgroscopepZ訟richpSwitzer旭and230Corporaci祝nSen抄doNatura旭pBogot史pCo旭ombia231EarthandAtmosphericSciencesDepartmentpUniversityofA旭bertapEdmontonpABpCanada232StateMuseumofNatura旭HistoryKar旭sruheｪSMNKｫpBiosciencespKar旭sruhepGermany233Museumf訟rNaturkunde･LeibnizIns抄tuteforEvo旭u抄onandBiodiversitySciencepBer旭inpGermany234UniversityofTechno旭ogySydneypSydneypNSWpAustra旭ia235UniversityofNewBrunswickpFrederictonpNBpCanada236DepartmentofEco旭ogypFacu旭tyofVeterinarySciencepSZIEUniversitypBudapestpHungary237DepartmentofEco旭ogypUniversityofDebrecenpDebrecenpHungary238DepartmentofEco旭ogypEnvironmentandP旭antSciencespStockho旭mUniversitypStockho旭mpSweden239Ins抄tutodeInves抄gacionesyRecursosBio旭祝gicosA旭exandervonHumbo旭dtpBogot史pCo旭ombia240Ins抄tuteofNatura旭andEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityofHyogopHyogopJapan241HiroshimaUniversityLeading､programpHigashihiroshimapKagamiyamapJapan242Ins抄tutodeInves抄gacionesenEcosistemasySustentabi旭idadpUniversidadNaciona旭Aut祝nomadeM爾xicopMore旭iapM爾xicoCsPspMexico243DepartmentofAnima旭Eco旭ogypJustus､Liebig､UniversitypGiessenpGermany244Escue旭adeBio旭ogiapUniversidaddeCostaRicapSanPedropCostaRica245BiodiversityandEnvironmenta旭Sustainabi旭itypRohinipIndia246DepartmentofEnvironmenta旭StudiespShivajiCo旭旭egeｪUniversityofDe旭hiｫpNewDe旭hipIndia247DepartmentofEco旭ogypSwedishUniversityofAgricu旭tura旭SciencespUppsa旭apSweden248Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭SciencespUniversi抄SainsMa旭aysiapMindenpMa旭aysia249YukonDepartmentofEnvironmentpWhitehorsepYTpCanada250NatureConserva抄onFounda抄onpMysorepIndia251Co旭ogneBiocenterpZoo旭ogica旭Ins抄tutepUniversityofCo旭ognepK塾旭npGermany
ゲズジ科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
252DepartmentofEnvironmenta旭ｹNatura旭ResourcesManagementpUniversityofPatraspAgriniopGreece253CentreforTropica旭Environmenta旭andSustainabi旭ityScienceｪTESSｫｹCo旭旭egeofMarineandEnvironmenta旭SciencespJamesCookUniversitypCairnspQ旭dpAustra旭ia254Schoo旭ofScienceandTechno旭ogypPaciicAdven抄stUniversitypPortMoresbypPapuaNewGuinea255UnitforEnvironmenta旭SciencesandManagementpNorth､WestUniversitypPotchefstroompSouthAfrica256DepartmentofSystema抄candEvo旭u抄onaryBotanypUniversityofZ訟richpZ訟richpSwitzer旭and257DepartmentofEco旭ogyandEvo旭u抄onaryBio旭ogyandDepartmentofGeographyandP旭anningpUniversityofTorontopTorontopONpCanada258TheWi旭dernessｹWi旭d旭ifeConserva抄onTrustpCo旭ombopSriLanka259Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭SciencespP旭ymouthUniversitypP旭ymouthpUK260Ins抄tuteofEco旭ogyandEvo旭u抄onpUniversityofBernpBernpSwitzer旭and261Sec抄onEnvironnementpD爾ve旭oppementdurab旭eetTerritoirepDivisionEnvironnementetTerritoirepBundesamtf訟rSta抄s抄kpNeuch嗣te旭pSwitzer旭and262Schoo旭ofForestSciencespUniversityofEasternFin旭andpJoensuupFin旭and263Ins抄tuteofEco旭ogypFBゴpUniversityofBremenpBremenpGermany264Universit爾Pe旭eforoGonCou旭iba旭ypKorhogopIvoryCoast265Sta抄ondvEco旭ogiedeLamtopNvDoucipIvoryCoast266Theore抄ca旭Evo旭u抄onaryEco旭ogyGrouppDepartmentofAnima旭Eco旭ogyandTropica旭Bio旭ogypBiocenterpUniversityofW訟rzburgpW訟rzburgpGermany267Wi旭d旭ifeConserva抄onSociety､IndiapNa抄ona旭CentreforBio旭ogica旭SciencespBanga旭orepIndia268NatureScienceIni抄a抄vepDehradunpIndia269DepartmentofEnvironmenta旭SciencepPo旭icypandManagementpUniversityofCa旭iforniapBerke旭eypCApUSA270Schoo旭ofBioSciencespUniversityofMe旭bournepMe旭bournepVicspAustra旭ia271Schoo旭ofAgricu旭tura旭pForestandFoodSciencesHAFLpBernUniversityofApp旭iedSciencespZo旭旭ikofenpSwitzer旭and272SwissFedera旭Ins抄tuteforForestpSnowandLandscapeResearchWSLpBirmensdorfpSwitzer旭and273Ins抄tutoNaciona旭deTecno旭og趣aAgropecuariapEEABari旭ochepBari旭ochepArgen抄na274DepartmentofBio旭ogypPennsy旭vaniaStateUniversitypUniversityParkpPApUSA275Na抄ona旭AviarypA旭旭eghenyCommonsWestpPitsburghpPApUSA276CentreforTropica旭Environmenta旭andSustainabi旭itySciencespCo旭旭egeofMarineandEnvironmenta旭SciencepJamesCookUniversitypCairnspQ旭dpAustra旭ia277Universit爾Pierre､et､Marie､CuriepParispFrance278Ins抄tuteofEco旭ogyandEnvironmenta旭SciencespParispFrance279INRApURジグ葦Abei旭旭esetEnvironnementpAvignonpFrance280DepartmentofBio旭ogypSanFranciscoStateUniversitypSanFranciscopCApUSA281Laboratoiredediagnos抄cenphytoprotec抄onpMinist治rede旭vagricu旭turepdesp璽cheriesetde旭va旭imenta抄onduQu爾becpVi旭旭edeQu爾becpQCpCanada282ResearchUnitTerrestria旭Eco旭ogypGhentUniversitypGhentpBe旭gium283LaboratoriodeRecursosAgroforesta旭espCentroAustra旭deInves抄gacionesCien掌icasｪCADICｫpConsejoNaciona旭deInves抄gacionesCien掌icasyT爾cnicasｪCONICETｫpUshuaiapArgen抄na284Schoo旭ofBiosciencespUniversityofMe旭bournepParkvi旭旭epVicspAustra旭ia285PurchaseCo旭旭egeｪStateUniversityofNewYorkｫpPurchasepNYpUSA286Ins抄tuteofApp旭iedEco旭ogypChineseAcademyofSciencespShenyangpChina287Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭SciencespUniversityofCanterburypChristchurchpNewZea旭and288TheJamesHutonIns抄tutepAberdeenpUK289Co旭旭egeofResourcesandEnvironmenta旭SciencespChinaAgricu旭tura旭UniversitypBeijingpChina290CarsteCi璽nciaeMeioAmbientepF旭orestapBe旭oHorizontepBrazi旭291TEHOLaboratorypIns抄抄uteofBio旭ogypUniversityofAn抄oquiapMede旭旭趣npCo旭ombia292Interna抄ona旭CenterforAgricu旭tura旭ResearchintheDryAreasｪICARDAｫpAmmanOicepAmmanpJordan293Anima旭andRange旭andSciencesDepartmentpOregonStateUniversitypCorva旭旭ispORpUSA294DepartmentofAgroeco旭ogypF旭akkebjergResearchCentrepAarhusUniversitypS旭age旭sepDenmark295DepartmentofAgroforestryTechno旭ogyandScienceandGene抄cspSchoo旭ofAdvancedAgricu旭tura旭EngineeringpCas抄旭旭aLaManchaUniversitypA旭bacetepSpain296UnidadAcad爾micadeTurismopCoordinaci祝ndeInves抄gaci祝nyPosgradopUniversidadAut祝nomadeNayaritpTepicpMexico297CentrodeInves抄gacionesTropica旭espUniversidadVeracruzanapXa旭apapMexico298GraduateSchoo旭ofAgricu旭tura旭SciencepKobeUniversitypKobepJapan299DepartmentofEco旭ogypUniversityofDebrecenpDebrecenpHungary300CenterforConserva抄onInnova抄onpSanJoseTagaytayCitypPhi旭ippines301Bio旭ogyDepartmentpDeLaSa旭旭eUniversitypMani旭apPhi旭ippines
科架 科 | 科ゲズズHUDSON ET AL.
302TheNewZea旭andIns抄tuteforP旭antｹFoodResearchLimitedpAuck旭andpNewZea旭and303Na抄ona旭MuseumsofKenyapNairobipKenya304CenterforMacroeco旭ogypEvo旭u抄onandC旭imatepNatura旭HistoryMuseumofDenmarkpUniversityofCopenhagenpCopenhagenØpDenmark305ReddeBio旭og趣ayConservaci祝ndeVertebradospIns抄tutodeEco旭og趣aAsCspXa旭apapMexico306DepartmentofGeographypUniversityofBergenpBergenpNorway307DepartmentofGeographypUniversityofWisconsin､MadisonpMadisonpWIpUSA308Schoo旭ofBio旭ogypUniversityofLeedspLeedspWestYorkshirepUK309Marsha旭旭Agroeco旭ogyLtdpBartonpWinscombepUK310UniversidadNaciona旭deCo旭ombiapCiudadUniversitariapBogot史pCo旭ombia311BasqueCentreforC旭imateChange･BCザpBi旭baopSpain312Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭SciencespTheUniversityofQueens旭andpBrisbanepQ旭dpAustra旭ia313AssociateofArtsProgrampUniversityofDe旭aware･Wi旭mingtonpWi旭mingtonpDEpUSA314DepartmentofEntomo旭ogyandWi旭d旭ifeEco旭ogypUniversityofDe旭awarepNewarkpDEpUSA315DepartmentofEntomo旭ogypUniversityofCa旭iforniapRiversidepCApUSA316CentreforMinedLandRehabi旭ita抄onpTheUniversityofQueens旭andpBrisbanepQ旭dpAustra旭ia317DepartamentodeBiogeogra偲ayCambioG旭oba旭pMuseoNaciona旭deCienciasNatura旭esｪCSICｫpMadridpSpain318Eco旭ogyandEvo旭u抄onaryBio旭ogypUniversityofConnec抄cutpStorrspCTpUSA319MuseodeHistoriaNatura旭wVeraA旭旭emanHaeghebaertxpUniversidadRicardoPa旭mapLimaザザpPeru320CentroIberoamericanode旭aBiodiversidadｪCIBIOｫpUniversidaddeA旭icantepA旭icantepSpain321DepartmentofEco旭ogypSwedishUniversityofAgricu旭tura旭SciencespGrims塾Wi旭d旭ifeResearchSta抄onpRiddarhytanpSweden322RainforestA旭旭iancepNewYorkpNYpUSA323DepartmentofNatura旭ResourcespCorne旭旭UniversitypIthacapNYpUSA324DepartmentofNatura旭ResourcesｹEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityofI旭旭inoispUrbanapILpUSA325UniversidadIndustria旭deSantanderpBucaramangapCo旭ombia326Schoo旭ofP旭antBio旭ogypUniversityofWesternAustra旭iapCraw旭eypWApAustra旭ia327LabsEcotonopINIBIOMAｪUniversidadNaciona旭de旭Comahue､CONICETｫpBari旭ochepArgen抄na328BotanyDepartmentpNa抄ona旭MuseumsofKenyapNairobipKenya329DepartmentofWi旭d旭ifeManagementpUniversityofE旭doretpE旭doretpKenya330DepartmentofBio旭ogyandEco旭ogypFacu旭tyofSciencespUniversityofNoviSadpNoviSadpSerbia331Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭SciencespUniversi抄SainsMa旭aysiapPenangpMa旭aysia332E旭Co旭egiode旭aFronteraSurpEco旭og趣aEvo旭u抄vayConservaci祝npSanCrist祝ba旭de旭asCasaspMexico333NatureKenyapNairobipKenya334WWFpWashingtonpDCpUSA335IndependentResearchScho旭arpNewDe旭hipIndia336AvianDiversityandBioacous抄cLabpDepartmentofZoo旭ogypGuruku旭aKangriUniversitypHaridwarpIndia337GraduateSchoo旭ofBioagricu旭tura旭SciencespNagoyaUniversitypNagoyapJapan338KeyLaboratoryofTropica旭ForestEco旭ogypXishuangbannaTropica旭Botanica旭GardenpChineseAcademyofSciencespMeng旭unpChina339Environmenta旭FuturesResearchIns抄tutepandGriithSchoo旭ofEnvironmentpGriithUniversitypNathanpBrisbanepQ旭dpAustra旭ia340Co旭旭egeofBioresourceSciencepNihonUniversitypFujisawapJapan341ForestryandForestProductsResearchIns抄tutepTsukubapJapan342LaboratoriodeInves抄gacionesenAbejasｪDepartamentodeBio旭og趣aｫpUniversidadNaciona旭deCo旭ombiapBogot史pCo旭ombia343LaboratoriodeInformaci祝nGeogr史icapE旭Co旭egiode旭aFronteraSurｪECOSURｫpSanCrist祝ba旭de旭asCasaspMexico344CMRPZ･IsEsP旭azaBonitapSanAndr爾sdeSotaventoｪC祝rdobaｫpCo旭ombia345BirdLifeInterna抄ona旭･AfricaPartnershipSecretariatpNairobipKenya346Ornitho旭ogySec抄onpNa抄ona旭MuseumsofKenyapNairobipKenya347DepartmentofZoo旭ogypUniversityofBri抄shCo旭umbiapVancouverpBCpCanada348Ins抄tutdeSyst爾ma抄quep孤vo旭u抄onpBiodiversit爾pISYEB･UMRゼゴグズ･CNRSpMNHNpUPMCpEPHEpMus爾umna抄ona旭dvHistoirenature旭旭epSorbonneUniversit爾spParispFrance349DepartmentofBio旭ogy｠BiodiversitypLundUniversitypLundpSweden350DepartmentofBiosciencespUniversityofHe旭sinkipHe旭sinkipFin旭and351DepartmentofEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityofHe旭sinkipHe旭sinkipFin旭and
ゲズ葦科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
352Schoo旭ofBio旭ogypTheUniversityofNo焼nghampUniversityParkpNo焼nghampUK353LaboratoriodeZoo旭og趣ayEco旭og趣aAcu史抄ca･LAZOEApUniversidaddeLosAndespBogot史pCo旭ombia354Schoo旭ofForestrypUniversityofCanterburypChristchurchpNewZea旭and355BIO､DiversepBonnpGermany356DepartmentofWi旭d旭ifepFishandConserva抄onBio旭ogypUniversityofCa旭iforniapDavispDavispCApUSA357IUCN､CentreforMediterraneanCoopera抄onpCampani旭旭aspM史旭agapSpain358OxfordUniversityCentrefortheEnvironmentpUniversityofOxfordpOxfordpUK359Natura旭ResourcesandtheEnvironmentpCSIRpSte旭旭enboschpSouthAfrica360P旭antConserva抄onUnitpBio旭ogica旭SciencespUniversityofCapeTownpRondeboschpSouthAfrica361Interna抄ona旭ProgrammeOiceｪIPOｫpViceChance旭旭orvsOicepKwameNkrumahUniversityofScienceandTechno旭ogyｪKNUSTｫpKumasipGhana362Naturschutz･P旭anungundBeratungpWiesendangenpSwitzer旭and363DepartmentofWi旭d旭ifeandRangeManagementpKwameNkrumahUniversityofScienceandTechno旭ogypKumasipGhana364ForestryResearchIns抄tuteofGhanapKumasipGhana365DepartmentofAnima旭ｹEnvironmenta旭Bio旭ogypUniversityofBeninpBeninCitypNigeria366DepartmentofGene抄cspEvo旭u抄onandEnvironmentpUniversityCo旭旭egeLondonpLondonpUK367TheRoya旭SocietyfortheProtec抄onofBirdsｪRSPBｫpSandypBedfordshirepUK368LaboratoriodeEco旭og趣ade旭PaisajepFacu旭taddeCienciasForesta旭espUniversidaddeConcepci祝npConcepci祝npChi旭e369IndianIns抄tuteofSciencepBanga旭orepIndia370LaboratorioEcotonopCONICET･INIBIOMApUniversidadNaciona旭de旭ComahuepBari旭ochepArgen抄na371LaboratoriodeInves抄gacionesenAbejaspLABUNpUniversidadNaciona旭deCo旭ombiapBogot史DsCspCo旭ombia372LancasterEnvironmentCentrepLancasterUniversitypLancasterpUK373UniversidadeFedera旭doPar史ｪUFPAｫpN衝c旭eodeA旭tosEstudosAmazonicosｪNAEAｫpBe旭爾mpBrazi旭374GermanCentreforIntegra抄veBiodiversityResearchｪiDivｫpHa旭旭e､Jena､LeipzigpLeipzigpGermany375DepartmentofP旭antBio旭ogyandEco旭ogypFacu旭tyofScienceandTechno旭ogypUniversityoftheBasqueCountrypLeioapSpain376IKERBASQUEsBasqueFounda抄onforSciencepBi旭baopSpain377Ins抄tutodeDiversidadyEco旭og趣aAnima旭ｪIDEApCONICET､UNCｫandCentrodeZoo旭og趣aAp旭icadapFCEFyNpUniversidadNaciona旭deC祝rdobapC祝rdobapArgen抄na378IRDpUMRAMAPpTAAズゲ｠PSゴpMontpe旭旭iercedexグズpFrance379FrenchIns抄tuteofPondicherrypUMIFREゴゲCNRS､MAEEpPuducherrypIndia380Schoo旭ofEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityofEastAng旭iapNorwichpUK381Na抄ona旭Ins抄tuteofAgricu旭tura旭Techno旭ogyｪINTAｫpR趣oGa旭旭egospArgen抄na382Na抄ona旭UniversityofSouthernPatagoniaｪUNPAｫpR趣oGa旭旭egospArgen抄na383Na抄ona旭CommissionofScien抄stResearchandTechno旭ogyｪCONICETｫpBuenosAirespArgen抄na384LaboratoryofBiogeographyｹEco旭ogypDepartmentofGeographypUniversityoftheAegeanpMy抄旭enepGreece385DepartmentofAnima旭Eco旭ogyandTropica旭Bio旭ogypBiocenterpUniversityofW訟rzburgpW訟rzburgpGermany386UniversityofCambridgepCambridgepUK387Conserva抄onScienceGrouppDepartmentofZoo旭ogypUniversityofCambridgepCambridgepUK388Systema抄csandEvo旭u抄onLaboratorypDepartmentofBio旭ogypWesternKentuckyUniversitypBow旭ingGreenpKYpUSA389DepartmentofNatura旭ResourceEco旭ogyandManagementpIowaStateUniversitypAmespIApUSA390Facu旭taddeRecursosNatura旭espEscue旭adeCienciasAmbienta旭espLaboratoriodeP旭aniicaci祝nTerritoria旭pUniversidadCat祝旭icadeTemucopTemucopChi旭e391Bio旭og趣ayConservaci祝ndeVertebradospIns抄tutodeEco旭og趣aAsCspE旭HayapXa旭apapMexico392UniversitatAut淑nomadeBarce旭onapCerdanyo旭ade旭Va旭旭治spSpain393LaboratoriodeEntomo旭og趣aEco旭祝gicapDepartamentodeBio旭og趣apFacu旭taddeCienciaspUniversidaddeLaSerenapLaSerenapChi旭e394A旭ber抄neRitProgrampWi旭d旭ifeConserva抄onSocietypKampa旭apUganda395IFEVA｠C史tedradeProducci祝nVegeta旭pDepartamentodeProducci祝nVegeta旭pFacu旭taddeAgronom趣apUniversidaddeBuenosAires｠CONICETspBuenosAirespArgen抄na396Directorade旭ProgramaConservaci祝ndeBiodiversidadenBosquesSubtropica旭espC史tedradeDesarro旭旭oSustentab旭eyBiodiversidadpFacu旭taddeCienciasAgrariaspUniversidadNaciona旭deJujuypCIT､JujuyCONICETpFundaci淑nCEBiopSanSa旭vadordeJujuypArgen抄na397DepartamentdeCi治nciesAmbienta旭spUniversitatdeGironapGironapSpain398Entomo旭ogypCorne旭旭UniversitypIthacapNYpUSA399BotanypSchoo旭ofNatura旭SciencespTrinityCo旭旭egeDub旭inpDub旭inゴpIre旭and
科架 科 | 科ゲズゼHUDSON ET AL.
400CenterforEnvironmenta旭SciencesandEngineeringｹDepartmentofEco旭ogyandEvo旭u抄onaryBio旭ogypUniversityofConnec抄cutpStorrspCTpUSA401MARETECpIns抄tutoSuperiorT爾cnicopUniversidadedeLisboapLisbonpPortuga旭402CREA､ABPpConsig旭ioper旭aricercainagrico旭turae旭vana旭iside旭旭veconomiaagrariapCentrodiricercaper旭vagrobio旭ogiae旭apedo旭ogiapFirenzepIta旭y403EcosystemManagementpSchoo旭ofEnvironmentandRura旭SciencepUniversityofNewEng旭andpArmida旭epNSWpAustra旭ia404Escue旭adeBio旭og趣apUniversidadIndustria旭deSantanderpBucaramangapCo旭ombia405Na抄ona旭CenterforEco旭ogica旭Ana旭ysisandSynthesispUniversityofCa旭iforniapSantaBarbarapSantaBarbarapCApUSA406DepartmentofBiosciencepAarhusUniversitypAarhusCpDenmark407TheRoya旭SocietyfortheProtec抄onofBirdsｪRSPBｫpEdinburghParkpEdinburghpUK408CenterforConserva抄onandSustainab旭eDeve旭opmentpMissouriBotanica旭GardenpSaintLouispMOpUSA409DepartamentodeBio旭ogiapUniversidadeFedera旭deSergipepS四oCrist祝v四o｠SepBrazi旭410LifeSciencesDepartmentpUniversityofA旭ca旭apA旭ca旭史deHenarespSpain411Entomo旭ogyCo旭旭e抄onpSystema抄csandBiogeographyLaboratorypSchoo旭ofBio旭ogypIndustria旭UniversityofSantanderpBucaramangapCo旭ombia412PercyFitzPatrickIns抄tuteofAfricanOrnitho旭ogypDST｠NRFCentreofExce旭旭encepUniversityofCapeTownpRondeboschpCapeTownpSouthAfrica413Schoo旭ofAnima旭pP旭antandEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityoftheWitwatersrandpWitspSouthAfrica414CentrodeCi璽nciasBio旭祝gicasedaSa衝depUniversidadeFedera旭deMatoGrossodoSu旭pCampoGrandepBrazi旭415DepartmentofBio旭ogica旭SciencespBrockUniversitypStsCatharinespONpCanada416EdinburghpUK417Luqui旭旭oLTERpIns抄tuteforTropica旭EcosystemStudiespCo旭旭egeofNatura旭SciencespUniversityofPuertoRicoatRioPiedraspSanJuanpPRpUSA418Escue旭aNaciona旭deEstudiosSuperiorespUniversidadNaciona旭Aut祝nomadeM爾xicopMore旭iapMexico419ScienceandConserva抄onDivisionpDepartmentofParksandWi旭d旭ifepManjimuppWApAustra旭ia420PROPLAME､PRHIDEB､CONICETpDepartamentodeBiodiversidadyBio旭og趣aExperimenta旭pFacu旭taddeCienciasExactasyNatura旭espUniversidaddeBuenosAirespCiudadUniversitariapｪCPゲジゴ芦EHAｫCiudadAut祝nomadeBuenosAirespArgen抄na421ECTOekotoxiko旭ogieGmbHpF旭塾rsheimamMainpGermany422LOEWEBiodiversityandC旭imateResearchCentreBiK､FpFrankfurt｠MainpGermany423Facu旭taddeCienciasAmbienta旭espUniversidaddeCienciasAp旭icadasyAmbienta旭esUsDsCsApBogot史pCo旭ombia424CatedrasCONACYTpCIIDIRpUnidadOaxacapIPNpSantaCruzXoxocot旭史npMexico425UniversidaddeCienciasAp旭icadasyAmbienta旭esUsDsCsAspBogot史pCo旭ombia426Schoo旭ofNatura旭ResourcesandEnvironmentpUniversityofMichiganpAnnArborpMIpUSA427DepartmentofEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityofVirginiapChar旭otesvi旭旭epVApUSA428B旭andyExperimenta旭FarmpBoycepVApUSA429D爾partementdessciencesbio旭ogiquesｪSBｫpUniversit爾duQu爾bec司Montr爾a旭ｪUQ荊MｫpMontr爾a旭pQCpCanada430Facu旭taddeCienciaspUniversidaddeChi旭epSan抄agopChi旭e431Schoo旭ofGeographypEarthandEnvironmenta旭SciencespUniversityofBirminghampBirminghampUK432Ins抄tuteofSi旭vicu旭tureandForestProtec抄onpUniversityofWestHungarypSopronpHungary433ReddeEco旭og趣aFunciona旭pIns抄tutodeEco旭og趣aAsCsCarreteraan抄guaaCoatepecpE旭HayapXa旭apapMexico434Bio旭ogyCentreCASpIns抄tuteofEntomo旭ogypCeskeBudejovicepCzechRepub旭ic435Facu旭tyofSciencepUniversityofSouthBohemiapCeskeBudejovicepCzechRepub旭ic436BishopvsUniversitypSherbrookepQCpCanada437CSIROpDutonParkpQ旭dpAustra旭ia438Natura旭isBiodiversityCenterpCRLeidenpTheNether旭ands439Ins抄tuteforTropica旭Bio旭ogyandConserva抄onpUniversi抄Ma旭aysiaSabahpJa旭anUMSpKotaKinaba旭upMa旭aysia440BiocentreK旭einF旭otbekｹBotanica旭GardenpUniversityofHamburgpHamburgpGermany441CenterforDeve旭opmentResearchｪZEFｫpUniversityofBonnpBonnpGermany442ChairforLandscapeManagementpUniversityofFreiburgpFreiburgpGermany443AgResearchLimitedpLinco旭nResearchCentrepChristchurchpNewZea旭and444Ins抄tuteforEco旭ogypEvo旭u抄onandDiversitypGoetheUniversityFrankfurtpFrankfurtamMainpGermany445Bio旭ogyandBiomedica旭SciencesDivisionpUniversityofBrightonpBrightonpUK446Char旭esDarwinUniversitypBrinkinpNTpAustra旭ia447LawrenceUniversitypApp旭etonpWIpUSA448Schoo旭ofNatura旭ResourcesandExtensionpUniversityofA旭askaFairbankspFairbankspAKpUSA449CenterforEco旭ogypDeve旭opmentandResearchpDehradunpIndia
ゲズ芦科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
450Schoo旭ofLifeSciencespUniversityofKwaZu旭u､Nata旭pDurbanpSouthAfrica451DepartmentofEco旭ogyandNatura旭ResourceManagementｪINAｫpNorwegianUniversityofLifeSciencesｪNMBUｫp鶏spNorway452MuseumofNatura旭ScienceandDepartmentofBio旭ogica旭SciencespLouisianaStateUniversitypBatonRougepLApUSA453BatonRougepLApUSA454DepartmentofLifeSciencespBen､GurionUniversityoftheNegevpBeverShevapIsrae旭455TheYeruchamCenterofOrnitho旭ogyandEco旭ogypYeruchampIsrae旭456Ins抄tutodeCi璽nciasBio旭祝gicaspUniversidadeFedera旭doPar史pBe旭爾mpBrazi旭457OrganicResearchCentrepE旭mFarmpNewburypUK458UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricu旭turepSouthSanFranciscopCApUSA459UniversidadNaciona旭deCo旭ombiapSedeMede旭旭inpMede旭旭inpCo旭ombia460DepartmentofBio旭ogica旭SciencespNa抄ona旭UniversityofSingaporepSingaporepSingapore461Eco旭og趣adeComunidades詣ridasySemiaridasｪEComASｫpDepartamentodeRecursospFacu旭taddeCienciasExactasyNatura旭espUNLPamspSantarosapLaPampapUruguay462GobiernoAut祝nomoDepartamenta旭SantaCruzpSantaCruzde旭aSierrapBo旭ivia463Universit爾duQu爾bec司RimouskipCentreforNorthernResearchpCentreforForestStudiespRimouskipQCpCanada464Schoo旭ofEnvironmenta旭StudiespUniversityofVictoriapVictoriapBCpCanada465MuseudeCi治nciesNatura旭sdeGrano旭旭erspGrano旭旭erspBarce旭onapSpain466Schoo旭ofRenewab旭eNatura旭ResourcespLouisianaStateUniversityAgricu旭tura旭CenterpBatonRougepLApUSA467Bio旭ogica旭DynamicsofForestFragmentsProjectpIns抄tutoNaciona旭dePesquisasdaAmaz縮niapManauspBrazi旭468DepartmentofNatura旭ResourcesandEnvironmenta旭ManagementpUniversityofHawaiipManoapHono旭u旭upHIpUSA469KeyLaboratoryofZoo旭ogica旭Systema抄csandEvo旭u抄onpIns抄tuteofZoo旭ogypChineseAcademyofSciencespChaoyangDistrictpBeijingpChina470StateKeyLaboratoryofUrbanandRegiona旭Eco旭ogypResearchCenterforEco､Environmenta旭SciencespChineseAcademyofSciencespHaidianDistrictpBeijingpChina471Ins抄tuteofZoo旭ogypUniversityofNatura旭ResourcesandLifeSciencespViennapAustria472DepartmentofEnvironmenta旭ScienceandPo旭icypDrakeUniversitypDesMoinespIApUSA473DepartmentofBio旭ogypHongKongBap抄stUniversitypKow旭oonTongpHongKongSARpChina474Zoo旭ogica旭DivisionpResearchCenterForBio旭ogypTheIndonesianIns抄tuteofSciencespCibinongpBogorpIndonesia475Sec抄onforEcoinforma抄csｹBiodiversitypDepartmentofBiosciencepAarhusUniversitypAarhusCpDenmark476DepartmentofZoo旭ogypIns抄tuteofEco旭ogyandEarthSciencespUniversityofTartupTartupEstonia477Schoo旭ofEcosystemandForestSciencepFacu旭tyofSciencepTheUniversityofMe旭bournepRichmondpVicspAustra旭ia478DepartmentofBio旭ogypSaintLouisUniversitypStsLouispMOpUSA479MTA､DEBiodiversityandEcosystemServicesResearchGrouppDebrecenpHungary480InsectEco旭ogyGrouppDepartmentofZoo旭ogypUniversityofCambridgepCambridgepUK481CentreforIntegra抄veEco旭ogypSchoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭SciencespUniversityofCanterburypChristchurchpNewZea旭and482Ins抄tutoNeotropica旭rPesquisaeConservaç四opCuri抄bapBrazi旭483DepartmentofEco旭ogyandTerritorypSchoo旭ofEnvironmenta旭andRura旭StudiespPon抄iciaUniversidadJaverianapBogotapCo旭ombia484NaturhistorischesMuseumBase旭pLeiterBiowissenschatenpBase旭pSwitzer旭and485NERCCentreforEco旭ogyｹHydro旭ogypBushEstatepPenicuikpEdinburghpUK486Ins抄tutodeBio旭ogiapUniversidadeFedera旭deUber旭嗣ndiaｪUFUｫpUber旭嗣ndiapBrazi旭487Ins抄tuteofBiodiversityandEcosystemResearchpBu旭garianAcademyofSciencepSoiapBu旭garia488DivisionForestpNaturepandLandscapepDepartmentofEarthｹEnvironmenta旭SciencespKULeuvenpLeuvenpBe旭gium489MuseuNaciona旭deHist祝riaNatura旭edaCi璽nciapBorbo旭et史rio･DepartsZoo旭ogiapLisboapPortuga旭490DepartamentodeCienciasQu趣mico､Bio旭祝gicaspUniversidadde旭asAm爾ricasPueb旭apCho旭u旭apMexico491DepartamentodeGes抄祝nAgrariapUniversidaddeSan抄agodeChi旭epSan抄agopChi旭e492DenHaagpTheNether旭ands493Roya旭MuseumforCentra旭Africa･JointExperimenta旭Mo旭ecu旭arUnitpTervurenpBe旭gium494VietnamNa抄ona旭MuseumofNaturepVietnamAcademyofScienceandTechno旭ogypCauGiaypHanoipVietnam495BotanyDepartmentpUniversityofOtagopDunedinpNewZea旭and496Schoo旭forResourceandEnvironmenta旭StudiespFacu旭tyofManagementpDa旭housieUniversitypHa旭ifaxpNSpCanada497KeyLaboratoryofProtec抄onandDeve旭opmentU抄旭iza抄onofTropica旭CropGermp旭asmResourcepMinistryofEduca抄onpCo旭旭egeofHor抄cu旭tureandLandscapeAgricu旭turepHainanUniversitypHaikoupChina
科架 科 | 科ゲズゾHUDSON ET AL.
498Co旭旭egeofLifeSciencespZhejiangUniversitypHangzhoupChina499DepartmentofBio旭ogypJohnCarro旭旭UniversitypUniversityHeightspOHpUSA500TheEnvironmentIns抄tuteandSchoo旭ofEarthandEnvironmenta旭SciencespTheUniversityofAde旭aidepAde旭aidepSApAustra旭ia501Environmenta旭FuturesResearchIns抄tutepGriithUniversitypBrisbanepQ旭dpAustra旭ia502DepartmentofEnvironmenta旭andNatura旭ResourcespPresbyterianUniversityCo旭旭egepAkropongAkuapempGhana503Schoo旭ofNatura旭SciencesandPsycho旭ogypLiverpoo旭JohnMooresUniversitypLiverpoo旭pUK504CenterforEnvironmenta旭SciencesｹEngineeringpUniversityofConnec抄cutpStorrspCTpUSA505DepartmentofEco旭ogyｹEvo旭u抄onaryBio旭ogypUniversityofConnec抄cutpStorrspCTpUSA506Ins抄tuteforBiodiversityandEcosystemDynamicsｪIBEDｫpUniversityofAmsterdampGEAmsterdampTheNether旭ands507NERCCentreforEco旭ogyｹHydro旭ogypCrowmarshGifordpWa旭旭ingfordpUK508Ins抄tuteofBiodiversitySciencepSchoo旭ofLifeSciencespFudanUniversitypShanghaipChina509Interna抄ona旭Ins抄tuteofTropica旭ForestrypUSDAForestServicepSabanaFie旭dResearchSta抄onpLuqui旭旭opPRpUSA510TsukubaUniversitypIbarakipJapan511Schoo旭ofBio旭ogica旭SciencespUniversityofEastAng旭iapNorwichResearchParkpNorwichpUK512StateKeyLaboratoryofGene抄cResourcesandEvo旭u抄onpKunmingIns抄tuteofZoo旭ogypChineseAcademyofSciencespKunmingpChina513AsNsSevertsovIns抄tuteofEco旭ogyandEvo旭u抄onpMoscowpRussia514IntegratedEnvironmenta旭Consu旭tantsNamibiaｪIECNｫpWindhoekpNamibia515GuangdongEntomo旭ogica旭Ins抄tute｠SouthChinaIns抄tuteofEndangeredAnima旭spGuangzhoupChina516Computa抄ona旭Eco旭ogyandEnvironmenta旭SciencepMicrosotResearchpCambridgepUK
CorrespondenceLawrenceNsHudsonpDepartmentofLifeSciencespNatura旭HistoryMuseumpLondonpUKsEmai旭r旭shudsonｺnhmsacsuk
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AbstractThePREDICTSprojectｦProjec抄ngResponsesofEco旭ogica旭DiversityInChangingTerrestria旭 Systems ｪwwwspredictssorgsukｫｦhas co旭旭ated frompub旭ished studies a旭argep reasonab旭y representa抄ve database of comparab旭e samp旭es of biodiversityfrommu旭抄p旭esitesthatdiferinthenatureorintensityofhumanimpactsre旭a抄ngto旭andusesWehaveusedthisevidencebasetodeve旭opg旭oba旭andregiona旭sta抄s抄ca旭mode旭s of how 旭oca旭 biodiversity responds to thesemeasuressWe describe andmakefree旭yavai旭ab旭ethisゴグゲ葦re旭easeofthedatabasepcontainingmorethanザsゴmi旭旭ion records samp旭ed at over ゴ葦pグググ 旭oca抄ons and represen抄ng over ジゼpグググspeciessWeout旭inehowthedatabasecanhe旭pinansweringarangeofques抄onsineco旭ogyandconserva抄onbio旭ogysToourknow旭edgepthisisthe旭argestandmostgeographica旭旭yandtaxonomica旭旭yrepresenta抄vedatabaseofspa抄a旭comparisonsofbiodiversity that has been co旭旭ated to dateq it wi旭旭 be usefu旭 to researchers andinterna抄ona旭 eforts wishing to mode旭 and understand the g旭oba旭 status ofbiodiversitys
K E Y W O R D S
datasharingpg旭oba旭biodiversitymode旭ingpg旭oba旭changephabitatdestruc抄onp旭anduse
ゲ科 |科INTRODUCTION
Many indicators are avai旭ab旭e for tracking the state of biodiversitythrough抄mep forexamp旭ep inorder toassessprogress towardgoa旭ssuchas theConven抄ononBio旭ogica旭Diversityvsゴグゲグtargetor thenewerAichiBiodiversityTargetsｪPereiraeta旭spゴグゲザqTitensoreta旭spゴグゲジｫsMostof theavai旭ab旭e indicatorsare taxonomica旭旭yoreco旭og､ica旭旭y narrow in scopep andmany are based on the g旭oba旭 status ofspeciesｪesgspButcharteta旭spゴグゲグqTitensoreta旭spゴグゲジｫpbecauseof
theina旭ityofex抄nc抄onsHoweverpusingamorerepresenta抄vesetoftaxaandconsidering旭oca旭biodiversityoferssevera旭advantagessFirstpaverageresponsesofspeciestohumanimpactstypica旭旭yvaryamonghigher taxa and eco旭ogica旭 gui旭ds ｪLawton eta旭sp ゲゾゾ芦q McKinneypゲゾゾゼqNewbo旭deta旭spゴグゲジqWWFInterna抄ona旭pゴグゲジｫpmeaningthatindicatorsneedtobebroad旭ybasedandasrepresenta抄veaspossib旭epiftheyaretobeusedasproxiesforbiodiversityasawho旭esSecondpthetaxaforwhichmostdataontrendsareavai旭ab旭eｪtypica旭旭ypchar､isma抄cgroups suchasbirdsorbuterliesｫ arenota旭ways themost
ゲ葦グ科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
important for thecon抄nuedfunc抄oningofecosystemsandde旭iveryof ecosystem services ｪNorrisp ゴグゲゴｫs Thirdp a旭though many of theu旭抄matedriversbehindbiodiversity旭ossareg旭oba旭pthemostimport､antpressuremechanismsusua旭旭yactmuchmore旭oca旭旭yｪBrookpE旭旭ispPerringp Mackayp ｹ B旭omqvistp ゴグゲザｫs Fourthp most ecosystem ser､vicesandtheirunderpinningprocessesaremediatedby 旭oca旭 ratherthan g旭oba旭 biodiversity ｪCardina旭e eta旭sp ゴグゲゴq Grimep ゲゾゾ芦ｫr It is旭oca旭 ratherthang旭oba旭 func抄ona旭diversityp forexamp旭ep thatdeter､mineshowecosystemsfunc抄oninagivensetofcondi抄onsｪStefeneta旭sp ゴグゲズｫs Fina旭旭yp presence｠absenceandespecia旭旭y abundanceofspeciesatasiterespondmorerapid旭ytodisturbancethanextentofgeographic distribu抄on or g旭oba旭｠na抄ona旭 ex抄nc抄on risk ｪBa旭mfordpGreenpｹJenkinspゴググザqCo旭旭eneta旭spゴググゾqHu旭旭pDarrochpｹErwinpゴグゲズｫpso 旭oca旭changesare 旭ike旭ytobedetectedbefore 旭argeg旭oba旭changesorex抄nc抄ons
Forthesereasonspthereisaneedtomode旭theresponseof旭oca旭biodiversity to human pressures andp thusp to es抄mate biodiversitychangesat旭oca旭sca旭espbutacrossawidespa抄a旭domainｪidea旭旭yg旭ob､a旭旭yｫandforawiderangeoftaxasWethereforeneedcomparab旭ehigh､qua旭itydataon旭oca旭biodiversityatdiferent旭eve旭sofhumanpressurepfrommanydiferenttaxaandregionssAtpresentpspa抄a旭comparisonsofhowbiodiversityrespondstovaria抄oninpressuresprovidetheon旭yfeasib旭ewaytoco旭旭atea旭argepg旭oba旭旭yrepresenta抄veevidencebaseandtomode旭responsestohumanimpactssA旭though旭argetempora旭datasetsareavai旭ab旭e ｪesgspButcharteta旭spゴググジqCo旭旭eneta旭spゴググゾqDorne旭aseta旭spゴグゲジqVe旭旭endeta旭spゴグゲザｫptheymaynotbesuicient旭yrepresenta抄veofanthropogenicpressures for the trends theyshowtobetakenatfaceva旭ueｪGonza旭ezeta旭spゴグゲ葦ｫsFurthermorepintheabsence of contemporaneous site､speciic informa抄on about pres､suresp it isnotstraighforwardtousethesedata tomode旭howbio､diversityrespondstopressuresortoprojectchangesintothefutureｪbutseeViscon抄eta旭spゴグゲズｫsSpa抄a旭旭yextensiveie旭ddataofsuitab旭equa旭ityand reso旭u抄onare抄me､consumingandexpensive toco旭旭ectsThemostconvenientandreadi旭yavai旭ab旭esourceofsuitab旭ebiodiver､sitydataisthepub旭ished旭iteraturerThousandsofpub旭ishedpapersarebasedondatasetsthatwou旭dbeofva旭uetog旭oba旭mode旭ingefortssHoweverpithasbeenrareforsuchpaperstopub旭ishdatainfu旭旭pevenas suppor抄ng informa抄onp meaning that many poten抄a旭旭y va旭uab旭edatasetsarewdarkdatax ｪHamptoneta旭spゴグゲザｫpefec抄ve旭yatriskofbeing旭osttoscienceiftheyhavenotbeen旭osta旭readys
Since ゴグゲゴp the PREDICTS project has been co旭旭a抄ng data on旭oca旭biodiversityatdiferent旭eve旭sofhumanpressurefrompub旭ishedpapersp where necessary contac抄ng those papersv correspondingauthors to request the under旭ying biodiversity datap speciesv iden抄､抄espandprecisesamp旭ing旭oca抄onssWehaveenhancedtheco旭旭ateddatabyscoringsitecharacteris抄csre旭a抄ngtohumanpressuressuchas the predominant 旭and use and how intensive旭y the 旭and is usedbyhumanssWea旭soused the geographica旭 coordinatesof the sitestomatch them to a number of pub旭ished spa抄a旭旭y exp旭icit datasetssThedatabasehasa旭readybeenusedtoconductg旭oba旭ｪesgspNewbo旭deta旭spゴグゲズqNewbo旭dpHudsonpArne旭旭peta旭spゴグゲ葦ｫpregiona旭ｪDePa旭maeta旭spゴグゲ葦ｫandna抄ona旭 ｪEcheverr趣a､Londo汁oeta旭spゴグゲ葦ｫana旭ysesoftheresponsesof旭oca旭biodiversityto旭anduseandre旭atedhuman
pressuressThedatabasewasirstdescribedbyHudsoneta旭s ｪゴグゲジｫwhopub旭ishedaninterimversionｪMarchゴグゲジｫofthesite､旭eve旭meta､dataa旭ongwithadetai旭eddescrip抄onofhowthedatabasehasbeenco旭旭atedandva旭idatedsSincethat抄mepthedatabasehasnear旭ydou､b旭edinsizesHerepwedescribethestatusofthedatabaseandmakeavai旭ab旭ethefu旭旭species､旭eve旭datathemse旭vesｪnotjustthesitemeta､data previous旭y re旭easedｫ to faci旭itate other researchp especia旭旭y intohuman impactsoneco旭ogica旭 assemb旭agessWea旭so inc旭ude sugges､抄onsforhowthedatabasecanbeuseds
ゴ科 |科METHODS
Wesoughtdatasetsdescribingtheabundanceoroccurrenceofspe､ciesporthediversityofeco旭ogica旭assemb旭agesofspeciesatmu旭抄p旭esitesindiferent旭andusesoratdiferent旭eve旭sofotherhumanpres､suresｪesgspdifering旭eve旭sof旭and､useintensityｫsDatawereprimari旭yco旭旭atedthroughsubprojectsonpar抄cu旭arregionsp旭andusesportaxasWea旭somadegenera旭requestsfordataatconferencesandthroughpub旭ishedar抄c旭esｪHudsonpNewbo旭dpeta旭spゴグゲザqHudsoneta旭spゴグゲジqNewbo旭d eta旭sp ゴグゲゴｫs Through the course of the projectp searcheswereincreasing旭ytargetedtowardunder､orunrepresentedregionspbiomesportaxapinordertomi抄gatebiasedcoverageinthe旭iteratures
Tobe inc旭uded in thedatabasep datawere required tomeet thefo旭旭owingcriteriarｪゲｫthedatasetwaspartofapub旭ishedworkporthesamp旭ingmethodswerepub旭ishedq ｪゴｫ the samesamp旭ingprocedurewascarriedoutateachsitewithineachstudyｪsamp旭ingefortwasper､mitedtovaryso旭ongasitwasrecordedforeachsiteｫqandｪザｫwecou旭dacquirethegeographica旭coordinatesofeachsamp旭edsitesWheretheauthoroftheorigina旭pub旭ica抄onwasunab旭etosupp旭ythegeographi､ca旭coordinatespsitesweregeoreferencedfrommapsinthepub旭ica抄onｪHudsoneta旭spゴグゲジｫsSitesv 旭anduseｦprimaryvegeta抄onpsecondaryvegeta抄onｪdividedaccordingtostageofrecoveryintomaturepinter､mediate and youngq or indeterminate where informa抄on on stagewasunavai旭ab旭eｫpp旭anta抄onforestpcrop旭andppastureandurbanｦandpwithineach旭and､usec旭asspintensityｦminima旭p旭ightandintenseｦwerec旭assiiedfromthedescrip抄ongiveninthesourcepub旭ica抄onorinfor､ma抄onsubsequent旭yprovidedbydatacontributorsｪseeHudsoneta旭spゴグゲジforfu旭旭detai旭sｫsThese旭and､usecategorieswerechosentobeascompa抄b旭e as possib旭ewith those used in the harmonized 旭and､usescenariosforゲズググ･ゴゲググｪHurteta旭spゴグゲゲｫinordertofaci旭itatespa､抄a旭andtempora旭projec抄onsofmode旭ed旭and､useefectsonbiodiver､sity ｪesgspNewbo旭deta旭spゴグゲズｫsForsomesitesp 旭anduseand｠oruseintensitycou旭dnotbeestab旭ishedpsoweregivenmissingva旭uess
Thedatawerearrangedinahierarchica旭structuresThedatafromanindividua旭pub旭ishedworkptypica旭旭yapub旭ishedpaperpcons抄tutedawDataSourcesxWherediferentsamp旭ingmethodswereusedwithinaDataSourcepforexamp旭epbecausediferenttaxonomicgroupswereco旭旭ectedpandthedataweremadeavai旭ab旭eseparate旭ypthedataweredivided intoseparate wStudiessxData fromagivenDataSourcewerea旭sosp旭itintomu旭抄p旭eStudiesiftheycovered旭argegeographicareasｪesgspsevera旭countriesｫptoreducetheefectofbiogeographicdifer､enceswithinStudiessEachStudycontainedasetofsamp旭edwSitesx
科架 科 | 科ゲ葦ゲHUDSON ET AL.
andwTaxaxqateachSiteasetofwMeasurementsxｪtypica旭旭ytheabun､danceoroccurrenceofasetoftaxaｫweretakensTheprovideddata､baseextractscontainpforeachSiteptherawmeasurementva旭uespthesamp旭ingefortsandpwherere旭evantptheefort､correctedabundanceva旭uesｪcorrectedacrossSiteswithinaStudybydividingtheabundancemeasurementbysamp旭ingefortpassumingthatsamp旭edabundancesincrease旭inear旭ywithsamp旭ingefortpaterirstresca旭ingefortva旭ueswithin each Study to amaximumva旭ue of oneｫsThemeasurementswerenotcorrected fordiferentdetectabi旭ity ｪHaywardeta旭spゴグゲズqMacKenzieeta旭spゴググゴｫs
Itisimportanttonotethatthedatainthedatabaseareotennotexact旭y the same as those used in the source paperss Numbers ofsitesmaydiferbecausedatasetsprovidedmayhavebeenpar抄a旭orinc旭udedextrasitesporbecausewehaveaggregatedordisaggregateddatadiferent旭ysLikewisepnumbersoftaxamaydiferbecauseofcura､抄onorbecausemoredatawereprovidedthanhadbeenusedinthesourcepapersBecauseourfocuswastomakethesedataasusefu旭aspossib旭eforPREDICTSana旭ysespratherthantoactasarepositoryfordatasetsfrompreviouspub旭ica抄onspitwi旭旭otennotbepossib旭etousethesedatatorep旭icatetheana旭ysespresentedinthesourcepaperss
Wewere旭imitedbytherateatwhichwecou旭dprocessnewdatabecausesomanydatasetswerecontributedsThis旭edtothedeve旭op､mentofaback旭ogpwhichwehadtoc旭earbytheendoftheirstphaseoffundingforPREDICTSsDuringthisstageoftheprojectpinordertopro､cessa旭旭thedatasetsinhandwithinthe抄meavai旭ab旭epwefocusedour
efortsontheie旭dsshowntobemostimportantinourmode旭stothatpointｪDePa旭maeta旭spゴグゲズqNewbo旭deta旭spゴグゲジpゴグゲズｫsAsaresu旭tpDataSourcesprocessedsinceear旭yゴグゲズoten旭ackdataforsomeie旭dspinc旭udingcoordinateprecisionandmaximum 旭inearextentqdetai旭softhepoten抄a旭旭yafectedie旭dsare旭istedinSuppor抄ngInforma抄ons
Teammemberswere trained in how to score datasets receivedpusingwritendeini抄onsanddescrip抄onsofie旭dsandtermspaswe旭旭asprac抄cedatasetssA旭旭dataunderwentbasicva旭ida抄oncheckstoensureva旭uesentered ineachie旭dwereappropriate ｪHudsoneta旭spゴグゲジｫsGeographica旭coordinateswerevisua旭旭yinspectedonamapaterentryinto the databasep and our sotware automa抄ca旭旭y detected coordi､nates fa旭旭ingoutsideof theexpected country ｪesgsp because 旭a抄tudeand旭ongitudeva旭ueswereaccidenta旭旭yswappedｫsFortheca旭cu旭a抄onofbiodiversitymetricssuchasspeciesrichnesspweacceptedtheiden､抄ica抄onsofspeciesprovidedbytheauthorsofthesourcepub旭ica､抄onsqtheseweredeterminedatthe抄meoftheorigina旭researchpandsowi旭旭notrelectsubsequenttaxonomicchangesorre､iden抄ica抄onssWe a旭somatched taxonomic names to the Cata旭ogue of Life ゴグゲザcheck旭ist ｪCOLqRoskoveta旭spゴグゲザｫpa旭旭owingustova旭idatemanyofthe namesp assess taxonomic coverage and re旭atemeasurements tospecies､旭eve旭datasetssuchas thosedescribingeco旭ogica旭 traitssWemakeavai旭ab旭eboththeorigina旭speciesc旭assiica抄onsandthosefromCOLｪie旭dnamesaregiveninSuppor抄ngInforma抄onｫsWereviewedandcorrectedanumberofpoten抄a旭errorcasespsuchasnameswith､outamatchingCOLrecordpandnamesforwhichthehighertaxonomic
F IGURE ゲ科Samp旭ing旭ocationssMapco旭orsindicatebiomesptakenfromtheTerrestria旭EcoregionsoftheWor旭ddatasetｪTheNatureConservancypゴググゾｫpshowninageographicｪWGS芦ジｫprojectionsCirc旭eradiiareproportiona旭to旭og10ofthenumberofsamp旭esatthatSitesA旭旭circ旭eshavethesamedegreeofpartia旭transparencysSitesaddedtothedatabasesinceHudsoneta旭sｪゴグゲジｫareshowninpink
ゲ葦ゴ科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
rankofthematchingCOLrecordwasunexpectedｪesgspaCOLrecordforatruelywithinaStudythatexaminedbirdsｫsManymoreva旭ida抄oncheckswereapp旭iedqacomp旭etedescrip抄onisinHudsoneta旭sｪゴグゲジｫs
ザ科 |科RESULTS
ザsゲ科|科Geographica旭 coverage
Thisre旭easeofthePREDICTSdatabasecontainsザpゴズグpジグジrecordspfromゴ葦pゲゲジsamp旭edSitesｪFigureゲｫpco旭旭atedfromジ芦グDataSources
and葦葦葦StudiessThedatarepresenta旭旭ofthewor旭dvsゲジterrestria旭biomesp in approximate propor抄on to their contribu抄on to g旭oba旭tota旭 primary produc抄vity ｪFigureゴｫs The samp旭ed Sites span ゾジof the wor旭dvs countries ｪinc旭uding a旭旭 ゲゼ megadiverse countriesqMitermeierp Gi旭p ｹMitermeierp ゲゾゾゼｫp ゴ芦ゲ of the 芦ゲジ terrestria旭ecoregionsｪTheNatureConservancyゴググゾｫandザゴofConserva抄onInterna抄ona旭vs ザズ biodiversity hotspots ｪMyersp MitermeierpMitermeierpdaFonsecapｹKentpゴグググqcirc旭esonFigureザｫsA旭thoughthedatabasefocuseson旭andusepita旭soinc旭udesdatafromregionsthathavesofarseenre旭a抄ve旭y旭it旭e旭and､usechangepsuchassome
F IGURE ゴ科CoverageofbiomessThepercentageofStudiesｪaandbｫpSitesｪcanddｫpandsamp旭esｪeandfｫagainstpercentagesofterrestria旭NPPｪNetPrimaryProductivitypcomputedasinHudsoneta旭spゴグゲジqapcpandeｫandterrestria旭areaｪbpdpandfｫsBiomecodesandco旭orsareasinFigureゲ
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科架 科 | 科ゲ葦ザHUDSON ET AL.
highbiodiversitywi旭dernessareasｪMitermeiereta旭spゴググザqsquaresonFigureザｫs
ザsゴ科|科Taxonomic coverage
Records in the PREDICTS database represent ジゼpグジジ species ｪseeHudsoneta旭spゴグゲジforhowspeciesnumbersarees抄matedinthefaceofimprecisetaxonnamesｫpwhichisoverゴ鯵ofthenumberthoughttohavebeen forma旭旭ydescribed ｪChapmanpゴググゾｫｦゴゾpゼザゼanima旭spゲズpズジズp旭antspゲpゼズゾfungipandthreepro抄stssThetaxonomicdistri､bu抄onoftaxainthedatabaseisinroughpropor抄ontothenumbersofdescribedspeciesinmajortaxonomicgroupsofanima旭sandp旭antsｪFigureジｫpandthedatarepresentmorethanゲ鯵asmanyspeciesashave been described in the fo旭旭owing groupsr Amphibiap ArachnidapArchaeognathap Ascomycotap Avesp Basidiomycotap BryophytapChi旭opodapCo旭eopterapCo旭旭embo旭apDermapterapDipterapEmbiopterapFerns and a旭旭iesp G旭omeromycotap Gymnospermsp HemipterapHymenopterap Isopterap Lepidopterap Magno旭iophytap Mamma旭iapMantodeap Mecopterap Neuropterap Odonatap OnychophorapOrthopterapRep抄旭iapSymphy旭aandZorapteraｪFigureジｫsVertebratesｦand especia旭旭y birdsｦare overrepresented owing to biases in thepub旭ished 旭iterature ｪFigureジｫp but 旭ess so than inmany other datacompi旭a抄ons ｪesgsp over ha旭f of the records current旭y in the G旭oba旭Biodiversity Informa抄on Faci旭ity ｬGBIFｭ are of birdsq wwwsgbifsorgpaccessedinApri旭ゴグゲ葦ｫsMostStudiesinthePREDICTSdatabasesam､p旭ed at 旭eastmu旭抄p旭e fami旭iesp if notmu旭抄p旭eordersp c旭assesp phy旭ap
orevenkingdomsｪFigureズｫsHoweverpsomeStudiessamp旭edon旭yasing旭efami旭ypgenusporevenspeciesｪFigureズｫs
ザsザ科|科Tempora旭 coverage
Wefocusedprimari旭yondatasamp旭edsinceゴグググbecausemostg旭oba旭旭ayersdescribinghumanpressureareco旭旭ectedaterthisyearandpinpar抄cu旭arptofaci旭itateuseofcontemporaneousModerate､reso旭u抄onImaging Spectroradiometer ｪMODISｫ remote旭y sensed data ｪJus抄ceeta旭spゲゾゾ芦qTucketa旭spゴグゲジｫinmode旭ingsHoweverpini旭旭ingcertaintaxonomicandgeographicgapspwea旭soco旭旭atedsomedatathatweresamp旭edbeforeゴグググｪFigure葦ｫsDataaresparseaterゴグゲゴbecauseofthenatura旭抄me旭agsbetweendataco旭旭ec抄onintheie旭dppub旭ica､抄onandthenassimi旭a抄onintothePREDICTSdatabaseｪFigure葦ｫs
ザsジ科|科Data access and structure
This ゴグゲ葦 re旭ease of the databaseｦthe comp旭ete dataset and a旭sosite､旭eve旭 summariesｦis avai旭ab旭e on the data porta旭 of theNatura旭History Museump London ｪdoir ゲグsズズゲゾ｠ググ葦葦ザズジｫ as comma､separatedvariab旭eｪCSVｫi旭esandasRDSi旭espthe旭aterforusewiththe R sta抄s抄ca旭 mode旭ing 旭anguage ｪR Core Team ゴグゲズq RDS i旭esweregeneratedusingRザsザsゲｫsAcomp旭etedescrip抄onoftheco旭umnsin the extractsp a旭ong with a visua旭iza抄on of the database schemapisgiven inSuppor抄ng Informa抄onsThispapermakesa旭旭 thedata inthisversionofthedatabasefree旭yavai旭ab旭etoanyonewishingtouse
F IGURE ザ科NumbersofSitesagainsttheareasofbiodiversityhotspotsandofhighbiodiversitywi旭dernessareasｪHBWAsｫsHotspotsareshownbycirc旭esandHBWAsbysquaresqsymbo旭sareco旭oredbythepredominantbiogeographicrea旭minwhichtheyfa旭旭sHotspotsareゲCa旭iforniaF旭oristicProvincepゴMadreanPine､OakWood旭andspザAt旭anticForestpジCaribbeanIs旭andspズCerradop葦Chi旭eanWinterRainfa旭旭andVa旭divianForestspゼMesoamericap芦Tropica旭AndespゾTumbes､Choco､Magda旭enapゲグIrano､Anato旭ianpゲゲJapanpゲゴMediterraneanBasinpゲザMountainsofCentra旭AsiapゲジMountainsofSouthwestChinapゲズCapeF旭oristicRegionpゲ葦Coasta旭ForestsofEasternAfricapゲゼEasternAfromontanepゲ芦GuineanForestsofWestAfricapゲゾMadagascarandtheIndianOceanIs旭andspゴグMaputa旭and､Pondo旭and､A旭banypゴゲSuccu旭entKaroopゴゴHima旭ayapゴザIndo､BurmapゴジPhi旭ippinespゴズSunda旭andpゴ葦WesternGhatsandSriLankapゴゼEastMe旭anesianIs旭andspゴ芦ForestsofEastAustra旭iapゴゾNewZea旭andpザグSouthwestAustra旭iapザゲWa旭旭aceapザゴPo旭ynesia､MicronesiaandHBWAsareザザAmazoniapザジCongoForestspザズNewGuineapザ葦NorthAmericanDesertssUnrepresentedarethehotspotsCaucasuspHornofAfricapNewCa旭edoniaandtheHBWAMiombo､MopaneWood旭andsandSavannas
5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
1.0
1.5
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2.5
3.0
log10(area) (km2)
log
10(N
Site
s)
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2
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9
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36 Nearctic
Neotropic
Palearctic
Afrotropic
Indo−Malay
Australasia
Oceania
ゲ葦ジ科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
themforanypurposesThetermsofthe旭icenserequirethatanyonepub旭ishingresearchbasedonthesedatashou旭dcitethispaperand｠ortheorigina旭sourcesofthedatausedpasappropriatesThedatasetat doir ゲグsズズゲゾ｠ググ葦葦ザズジ contains bib旭iographic informa抄on for a旭旭DataSourcesinbothCSVandBibTeXformatss
ジ科 |科DISCUSSION
ThePREDICTSdatabaseisdesignedtobeab旭etoaddressarangeofques抄onsabouthow旭anduseandre旭atedpressureshaveinluencedtheoccurrenceandabundanceofspeciesandthediversityofeco旭ogi､ca旭assemb旭agessThehigh旭ystructurednatureofthedatapwithcom､parab旭esurveyshavingbeencarriedoutateachSitewithinaStudypwaschosentofaci旭itatesuchmode旭ingsTab旭eゲiden抄iesarangeof旭ong､standing genera旭 ques抄ons forwhich thePREDICTSdatamaybeusefu旭preferencingear旭ypapersaddressingques抄onsofeachtypesIta旭soout旭inesthestepsrequiredtotack旭eeachkindofques抄onpinconjunc抄onwithotherinforma抄onabouttheSitesandspecieswherenecessarypandreferstopapersthathaveperformedsos
Changesina焼tudestoｦandtheincreasingeaseofｦdatasharinghavecontributedtorapidgrowthinopencompi旭a抄onsofstructuredbiodiversitydataandre旭atedpressuredatatargetedtowardpar抄cu旭ar
kindsofresearchques抄onsExamp旭esofdatatypesfeatured insuchcompi旭a抄ons inc旭udepopu旭a抄on抄meseries ｪesgsp Inchaus抄ｹHa旭旭eypゴググゲｫpassemb旭age抄meseriesｪesgspDorne旭aseta旭spゴグゲジｫpassemb旭ageinventories ｪesgspThibau旭tp SupppGiinpWhitepｹErnestp ゴグゲゲｫp andspeciestraitsｪesgspMadineta旭spゴグゲ葦ｫsOtherprojectshaveco旭旭atedorareco旭旭a抄ng旭argecompi旭a抄onsofstructuredbiodiversitydatapsuchasBIOFRAGｪPfeifereta旭spゴグゲジqhabitatfragmenta抄onｫpBIOTIMEｪTheBioTIMEResearchGrouppゴグゲ葦qdetai旭ed抄me､seriesdataps抄旭旭beingcompi旭edｫandGLOBIOザ ｪA旭kemadeeta旭spゴググゾqpris抄neversusdis､turbedhabitatspnotpub旭ic旭yavai旭ab旭eｫs
The 旭argest open compi旭a抄on of biodiversity data is the G旭oba旭Biodiversity Informa抄on Faci旭ity ｪGBIFq wwwsgbifsorgｫp which aggre､gatesmost旭yunstructuredspeciesoccurrencedatasTheunstructurednatureofmostGBIFdata旭imitstherangeofques抄onstowhichtheycaneasi旭ybeputpa旭thoughtheyareincreasing旭yusedinmode旭ingspe､cies distribu抄ons ｪesgsp Pineda ｹ Lobop ゴググ芦ｫ and habitat suitabi旭ityｪesgspFiceto旭apRondininipBonardipBaiseropｹPadoa､SchioppapゴグゲズｫsAsofApri旭ゴグゲ葦pGBIFho旭dsoverズ葦グmi旭旭iongeoreferencedoccurrencerecordsofaroundゲsズmi旭旭ionspeciespa旭thoughcoverageistaxonom､ica旭旭yunevenｪesgspmostrecordsareofbirdsｫandpatchyevenamongthebest､recordedgroupsｪMeyerpKretpGura旭nickpｹJetzpゴグゲズｫs
Databases of species traits con抄nue to be co旭旭ated and pub､旭ishedp and many of them are re旭evant to taxa in the PREDICTS
F IGURE ジ科TaxonomiccoveragesThenumbersofspeciesinourdatabaseagainstthenumbersofdescribedspecieswithineachofズゾhighertaxapasestimatedbyChapmanｪゴググゾｫpon旭ogarithmicaxessVertebratesareshowninredparthropodsinpinkpotheranima旭singraypp旭antsingreenpandfungiinb旭uesThedashedpso旭idpanddotted旭inesindicateゲグpゲpandグsゲ鯵representationprespective旭ysGroupswithjustasing旭especiesrepresentedｪDip旭uraandZorapteraｫarenotshown
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
1
2
3
4
log10(estimated number of described species)
log
10(n
um
ber
of specie
s r
epre
sente
d in
data
base)
Phthiraptera Fungoid protists
Siphonaptera Embioptera
Mecoptera Symphyla Platyhelminthes
Archaeognatha
Trichoptera
Dermaptera
Blattodea
Neuroptera AnnelidaChilopoda Crustacea
Odonata
CollembolaOrthoptera
Mammalia
Ascomycota Bryophyta
Hemiptera
Arachnida Aves
Coleoptera
Thysanura Phasmida
Onychophora
Ephemeroptera
Protura
Psocoptera Glomeromycota
Thysanoptera
Diplopoda
Nematoda
Ferns and allies Mollusca
Mantodea
Reptilia
Basidiomycota
Diptera
Lepidoptera
Hymenoptera
Pauropoda
Gymnosperms
Isoptera
Amphibia
Magnoliophyta
Representation
0.1%
1.0%
10.0%
科架 科 | 科ゲ葦ズHUDSON ET AL.
F IGURE ズ科NumberofStudiesby旭owestcommontaxonomicgroupsBarsshowthenumberofStudieswithineach旭owestcommontaxonｪsoponeStudyexaminedthespeciesSwietenia macrophyllapthreeStudiesexaminedthespeciesBombus pascuorumptenStudiesexaminedmu旭tip旭especieswithinthegenusBombuspandsoonｫsCo旭orsareasinFigureジsNumbersontherightaretheprimaryreferencesfromwhichdataweretakenrゲBasseteta旭sｪゴググ芦ｫpゴBuscardoeta旭sｪゴググ芦ｫpザChristensenandHei旭mann､C旭ausenｪゴググゾｫpジDom趣nguezpBahamondepandMu汁oz､EscobarｪゴグゲゴｫpズL祝pez､QuinteropStraatsmapFranco､Mo旭anopandBoekhoutｪゴグゲゴｫp葦N塾skeeta旭sｪゴググ芦ｫpゼNortonpEspiepMurraypandMurrayｪゴググ葦ｫp芦PeripLencinaspMart趣nezPasturpWarde旭旭､JohnsonpandLasagnoｪゴグゲザｫpゾRobinsonandWi旭旭iamsｪゴグゲゲｫpゲグBarratteta旭sｪゴググズｫpゲゲBonhampMesibovpandBashfordｪゴググゴｫpゲゴBoutinpMartinpandBari旭ｪゴググゾｫpゲザCarpentereta旭sｪゴグゲゴｫpゲジGaigherandSamwaysｪゴグゲグｫpゲズGeeta旭sｪゴグゲゴｫpゲ葦HaywardｪゴググゾｫpゲゼLeighton､Gooda旭旭pBrownpHammondpandEgg旭etonｪゴグゲゴｫpゲ芦Muchaneeta旭sｪゴグゲゴｫpゲゾNgaieta旭sｪゴググ芦ｫpゴグRichardsonpRichardsonpandSoto､AdamesｪゴググズｫpゴゲSchonpMackaypMinorpYeatespandHed旭eyｪゴググ芦ｫpゴゴSchonpMackaypYeatespandMinorｪゴグゲグｫpゴザSchonpMackaypandMinorｪゴグゲゲｫpゴジSmithｪゴググ葦ｫpゴズSmithpPottspWoodcockpandEgg旭etonｪゴググ芦ｫpゴ葦SmithpPottspandEgg旭etonｪゴググ芦ｫpゴゼToddeta旭sｪゴグゲゲｫpゴ芦Vasconce旭oseta旭sｪゴググゾｫpゴゾWa旭kerpWi旭sonpNorburypMonkspandTanentzapｪゴグゲジｫpザグBaetenpVe旭ghepeta旭sｪゴグゲグｫpザゲBakayokopMartinpChate旭ainpTraorepandGautierｪゴグゲゲｫpザゴCenterforInternationa旭ForestryResearchｪCIFORｫｪゴグゲザaｫpザザCenterforInternationa旭ForestryResearchｪCIFORｫｪゴグゲザbｫpザジDumonteta旭sｪゴググゾｫpザズFirinciog旭upSeefe旭dtpSahinpandVura旭ｪゴググゾｫpザ葦HaarmeyerpSchmiede旭pDeng旭erpandBosingｪゴグゲグｫpザゼJoubertpEs旭erpandPrivettｪゴググゾｫpザ芦Norfo旭kpEichhornpandGi旭bertｪゴグゲザｫpザゾPagepQureshipRawatpandKusha旭appaｪゴグゲグｫpジグProençapPereirapGui旭hermepandVicenteｪゴグゲグｫpジゲShei旭eta旭sｪゴググゴｫpジゴWangpLencinaspRossFriedmanpWangpandQiuｪゴグゲゲｫpジザA旭ignierandDeconchatｪゴグゲザｫpジジBaetenpHermypVanDae旭epandVerheyenｪゴグゲグｫpジズBar旭owpGardnerpeta旭sｪゴググゼｫpジ葦Barricoeta旭sｪゴグゲゴｫpジゼBaureta旭sｪゴググ葦ｫpジ芦Berryeta旭sｪゴグゲグｫpジゾBoutinpBari旭pandMartinｪゴググ芦ｫpズグBouyereta旭sｪゴググゼｫpズゲBrear旭eyｪゴグゲゲｫpズゴBruneteta旭sｪゴグゲゲｫpズザCa旭vi汁o､Cance旭apRubido､Bar史pandvanEttenｪゴグゲゴｫpズジCastropLehstenpLavore旭pandFreitasｪゴグゲグｫpズズdeLimapDa旭旭imerpAtkinsonpandBar旭owｪゴグゲザｫpズ葦DevineaupFournierpandNignanｪゴググゾｫpズゼFenshampDwyerpEyrepFairfaxpandWangｪゴグゲゴｫpズ芦FernandezandSimonettiｪゴグゲザｫpズゾFredrikssonpDanie旭senpandSwensonｪゴググゼｫp葦グGendreau､BerthiaumepKneeshawpandHarveyｪゴグゲゴｫp葦ゲGo旭odetspKige旭pandSternbergｪゴグゲグｫp葦ゴGrasspBerenspPeterpandFarwigｪゴグゲザｫp葦ザGutierrezeta旭sｪゴググゾｫp葦ジHe旭denandLeatherｪゴググジｫp葦ズHern史ndezpDe旭gadopMeierpandDuranｪゴグゲゴｫp葦葦Hietzｪゴググズｫp葦ゼHigueraandWo旭fｪゴグゲグｫp葦芦Hy旭anderandNemomissaｪゴググゾｫp葦ゾIshidapHattoripandTakedaｪゴググズｫpゼグKatipZografoupTzirka旭旭ipChitospandWi旭旭emseｪゴグゲゴｫpゼゲKatovaipBur旭eypandMayfie旭dｪゴグゲゴｫpゼゴKess旭ereta旭sｪゴググズｫpゼザKess旭ereta旭sｪゴググゾｫpゼジKo旭bandDiekmannｪゴググジｫpゼズKrausspK旭einpSteffan､DewenterpandTscharntkeｪゴググジｫpゼ葦Krausseta旭sｪゴグゲグｫpゼゼKumarandShahabuddinｪゴググズｫpゼ芦LetcherandChazdonｪゴググゾｫpゼゾLouhaichipSa旭kinipandPetersenｪゴググゾｫp芦グLucas､Borjaeta旭sｪゴグゲゲｫp芦ゲM姿renｪゴグゲゲｫp芦ゴM姿renpBhattaraipandChaudharyｪゴグゲザｫp芦ザMarin､SpiottapOstertagpandSi旭verｪゴググゼｫp芦ジMayfie旭dpAcker旭ypandDai旭yｪゴググ葦ｫp芦ズMcNamarapErskinepLambpChanta旭angsypandBoy旭eｪゴグゲゴｫp芦葦Mi旭dereta旭sｪゴグゲグｫp芦ゼOvConnorｪゴググズｫp芦芦ParitsisandAizenｪゴググ芦ｫp芦ゾPha旭anpOnia旭pBa旭mfordpandGreenｪゴグゲゲｫpゾグPincheira､U旭brichpRaupandSmith､RamirezｪゴグゲゴｫpゾゲPoggiopChanetonpandGhersaｪゴグゲザｫpゾゴPowerandStoutｪゴグゲゲｫpゾザPowerpKe旭旭ypandStoutｪゴグゲゴｫpゾジRamesheta旭sｪゴグゲグｫpゾズRomero､DuquepJarami旭旭opandPerez､Jimenezｪゴググゼｫpゾ葦SchmittpSenbetapDenichpPreisingerpandBoehmerｪゴグゲグｫpゾゼShannoneta旭sｪゴググ芦ｫpゾ芦SiebertｪゴグゲゲｫpゾゾVassi旭evpPedashenkopNiko旭ovpAposto旭ovapandDeng旭erｪゴグゲゲｫpゲググWi旭旭iamspSheahanpandGorma旭旭yｪゴググゾｫpゲグゲYamauraeta旭sｪゴグゲゴｫpゲグゴA旭ca旭apA旭ca旭apandDo旭inoｪゴググジｫpゲグザBickne旭旭andPeresｪゴグゲグｫpゲグジCentroAgron祝micoTropica旭deInvestigaci祝nyEnse汁anzaｪCATIEｫｪゴグゲグｫqDeheuve旭spAve旭inopSomarribapandMa旭爾zieuxｪゴグゲゴｫpDeheuve旭seta旭sｪゴグゲジｫqRousseaupDeheuve旭spRodriguezAriaspandSomarribaｪゴグゲゴｫpゲグズCraigeta旭sｪゴググゾｫp
Number of Studies
0 20 40 60 80
Swietenia macrophyl laPteropus tonganusPanthera pardus
Oryctolagus cuniculusOdocoi leus vi rginianus
Maerua subcordataLophophorus impejanus
Dipteryx olei feraCol letes f loral is
Clethrionomys gapperiBombus terrestrisPongo pygmaeus
Bombus pascuorumLiolaemusAenictusDorylus
CephalophusAnogeissus
BombusVespertilionidaeStrabomantidae
StaphylinidaeSoricidae
SciomyzidaePhyllostomidae
PhasianidaeMuridae
LumbricidaeGeometridae
DrosophilidaeCurculionidae
CulicidaeColubridae
PoaceaeNymphalidae
ArecaceaeCarabidae
ScarabaeidaeApidae
FormicidaeStrigiformes
RodentiaPrimatesOpiliones
DiprotodontiaIsopoda
PasseriformesOrthoptera
DipteraCollembolaSquamata
IsopteraHemiptera
SarcoptiformesAraneae
ChiropteraAnura
ColeopteraLepidoptera
HymenopteraReptilia
ClitellataAgaricomycetes
MagnoliopsidaGlomeromycetes
AmphibiaLecanoromycetes
ArachnidaGastropoda
MammaliaInsecta
AvesAscomycota
NematodaBryophyta
ArthropodaChordata
TracheophytaPlantae
AnimaliaMultiple kingdoms
Kingdom (43)
Phylum (145)
Class (158)
Order (180)
Family (95)
Genus (18)
Species (18)
480479237478477476446475474120473470−472468−469467466464−465462−463461452−46045145044944810044744644513444443442441440438−43973,136,435−437432−434293,425−431412−42445,404−41128,124,384−403383382381380379377−378375−37634,45,70,37445,372−373356,370−371209,244,366−369362−36564,359−36123,356−358305,347−35545,337−346323−33613,73,88,305−32247,70,76,86,177,285−30473,101,125,267−28426626526479,263261−262188,260259255−25847,247−25458,209,228−24650,62,92,125,212−22729,40,55,73,86,88−89,101,113,115,120,124,149−211147−14822,144−14668,139−14313,125−138102−1245,8,12,29,32−33,41,43−10113,30−4210−291−9
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ゲ葦葦科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
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科架 科 | 科ゲ葦ゼHUDSON ET AL.
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F IGURE ズ科 ｪContinuedｫ
ゲ葦芦科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
physio旭ogica旭pandfunc抄ona旭traitsofbeesｪDePa旭maeta旭spゴグゲズｫqseeTab旭eゲpQsザs
A旭thoughourtarge抄ngofdatafromunderrepresentedbiomesandtaxaｪHudsoneta旭spゴグゲジｫreducestheefectsofgeographicandtaxo､nomicbiasesinavai旭ab旭edatapthePREDICTSdatabasenonethe旭esshasmany旭imita抄onspofwhichfourarepar抄cu旭ar旭yimportanttonotesFirstpour individua旭 datasets se旭dom take awho旭e､ecosystemperspec抄vepbeing instead taxonomica旭旭y or eco旭ogica旭旭y restrictedq consequent旭ypour data shed 旭it旭e 旭ight on how trophicwebs or other interac抄onsareafectedbyhumanpressuressSecondpevenwithinthegroupssam､p旭edpourdatadonotprovidecomp旭eteinventoriesofthespeciesthatwou旭dbefoundwithcomprehensivesamp旭ingqthuspfai旭uretorecorda species froma Site doesnot provide strong evidenceof absencesThirdpLa抄nbinomia旭swerenotavai旭ab旭eforasizeab旭efrac抄onofthespeciesinourDataSourcesp旭imi抄ngtheprospectsfor旭inkingtheobser､va抄onsofoccurrenceandabundancetootherinforma抄onaboutthespecies ｪesgsp func抄ona旭 traitsqKatgeeta旭spゴグゲゲｫsLastpbecauseourdatabasewasdesignedtotesthypothesesabout旭oca旭､sca旭evaria抄oninbiodiversitypitisnotpar抄cu旭ar旭yinforma抄veabout旭arge､sca旭ebio､diversitypaternssuchasthe旭a抄tudina旭gradientinspeciesrichnessorhowpressureswithacoarsespa抄a旭grain ｪesgspatmosphericnitrogendeposi抄onqSimkineta旭spゴグゲ葦ｫinluenceSite､旭eve旭diversitys
WhenusingthePREDICTSdatabaseporindeedanydatabaseptomode旭biodiversityresponsespitisimportanttobeawareofpoten抄a旭
mismatchesinsca旭ebetweenSite､旭eve旭dataandpressuredatasuchasMODISremote旭ysenseddataｪJus抄ceeta旭spゲゾゾ芦ｫandtheharmonized旭and､use scenarios ｪHurt eta旭sp ゴグゲゲｫ and a旭so between Site､旭eve旭responsevariab旭esandthesca旭esofinterestsThePREDICTSdatabasecontains some structura旭 features that he旭pwith these issuess FirstpweassignedtheSite､旭eve旭 旭anduseand旭and､useintensityc旭assiica､抄onsbasedontheauthorsvdescrip抄onsofthehabitatssothesec旭as､siica抄onsdonotsuferfromtheprob旭emofsca旭emismatchsSecondpSites are represented as precise旭y as possib旭er Sites oten representindividua旭quadratsp trapsporotherpointswithinabroadersamp旭ingregime ｪsuchasa transectｫp andwe recorded ｪas 旭a抄tudeand 旭ongi､tudeｫthecoordinatesofeachSiteratherthanaggrega抄ngthemintocoarsersummariesacrossthebroadersamp旭ingregimesThirdpwherethe re旭evant informa抄onwas avai旭ab旭epwe a旭so recorded themaxi､mumextentofsamp旭ingasa旭inearva旭ueinmetersｪforゴゴpゲゾゾSitespsee Hudson eta旭s ｪゴグゲジｫ for detai旭sｫs Users of the database there､forehavelexibi旭ityindecidinghowmeasurementsinthePREDICTSdatabasearere旭atedtoavai旭ab旭epressuredatasPossib旭eso旭u抄onstosca旭emismatchesbetweenbiodiversitydataandpressuredatawou旭dbe ｪゲｫ toexc旭ude fromana旭ysesanySiteswhere theextentof sam､p旭ingissubstan抄a旭旭ygreaterthanthegrainsizeofthepressuredataorｪゴｫtoconductsomesortofspa抄a旭averagingofthepressuredatasNove旭methodshavebeenpub旭ishedboth fordownsca旭ingpressuredata ｪesgsp Hoskins eta旭sp ゴグゲ葦ｫ and for upsca旭ing 旭oca旭 biodiversity
F IGURE 葦科Spatiotempora旭samp旭ingcoveragesSitesamp旭ingdatesareshownbybiomesEachSiteisrepresentedbyacirc旭eand旭inesCirc旭eradiiareproportiona旭to旭og10ofthenumberofsamp旭esatthatSitesCirc旭ecentersareatthemidpointsofSitesamp旭ingdatesq旭inesindicatethestartandenddatesofsamp旭ingsY､va旭ueshavebeenjitteredattheStudy旭eve旭sCirc旭esand旭ineshavethesamedegreeofpartia旭transparencysBiomeco旭orsand旭ettersareasinFigureゲ
Year
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013
Biome
P
N
M
L
K
J
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
Mangroves
Tropical and Subtropical
Moist Broadleaf Forests
Tropical and Subtropical
Dry Broadleaf Forests
Flooded Grasslands, and Savannas
Tropical & Subtropical
Coniferous Forests
Tropical and Subtropical
Grasslands,
Savannas, and Shrublands
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Mediterranean Forests,
Woodlands, and Scrub
Temperate Grasslands,
Savannas, and Shrublands
Montane Grasslands, and Shrublands
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Temperate Conifer Forests
Boreal Forests/Taiga
Tundra 50 sites
1,582 samples
1,093 sites
107,082 samples
678 sites
44,205 samples
7,949 sites
885,357 samples
1,029 sites
299,545 samples
1,736 sites
244,793 samples
1,952 sites
180,163 samples
314 sites
18,861 samples
2,699 sites
248,114 samples
419 sites
39,879 samples
12 sites
144 samples
632 sites
35,957 samples
7,517 sites
1,142,127 samples
34 sites
2,577 samples
科架 科 | 科ゲ葦ゾHUDSON ET AL.
TABLE ゲ科Ques抄onsthatcou旭dbeansweredusingthePREDICTSdatabase
Ques抄on Ear旭y examp旭e references Approach
Examp旭e using PREDICTS
database
Ques試ons about taxa
Qゲs Whatfactorsinluencetheoccurrenceand｠orabundanceofapar抄cu旭arfoca旭speciesn
Aus抄npNicho旭旭spandMargu旭esｪゲゾゾグｫ
Fi旭tertoremovespeciesnotofinterestsMergePREDICTSdatawithdataonanyaddi抄ona旭site､旭eve旭characteris抄csofinterestsOnepossib旭eana旭y抄ca旭approachistomode旭efectsofsitecharacteris抄csonpresence､absenceand旭ogｪabundancewhenpresentｫseparate旭yptheirstwithbinomia旭errorsandthesecondwithGaussianerrorspwhi旭eaccoun抄ngforamong､Studydiferencesｪesgspusingmixed､efectsmode旭sｫs
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Qゴs Dochangesin旭and､usefaci旭itatesuccessofinvasivespeciesn
DukesandMooneyｪゲゾゾゾｫpTheoharidesandDukesｪゴググゼｫ
Obtain旭istsofinvasivespeciesfortheregionsofinterestandmode旭presence､absenceand｠orabundanceofinvasivesasaboves
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Qザs Whicheco旭ogica旭atributesofspeciesmakethemmoreor旭esssensi抄vetohumanpressuresn
McKinneyｪゲゾゾゼｫpDaviespMargu旭espandLawrenceｪゴグググｫpCardi旭旭oeta旭sｪゴググズｫ
MergePREDICTSdatawithspecies､旭eve旭dataontraitsofinterestsMode旭howsiteandspeciescharacteris抄csafectpresence､absenceand旭ogｪabundancewhenpresentｫseparate旭yasabovepaccoun抄ngforStudy､旭eve旭andtaxon､旭eve旭diferencesｪesgspusingmixed､efectsmode旭sｫs
Newbo旭deta旭sｪゴグゲジｫpDePa旭maeta旭sｪゴグゲズｫ
Qジs Whichtaxahavespeciesthataremoresensi抄vetohumanpressurespandwhichhave旭esssensi抄vespeciesn
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Q芦s Which旭andusesandotherSite､旭eve旭pressureshavethestrongestnetimpacton旭eve旭sof旭oca旭biodiversityn
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Qゾs Howdo旭anduseandotherpressuresreducecomposi､抄ona旭intactnessn
Scho旭esandBiggsｪゴググズｫ Becausenetchangesareafectedbygainsofnon､na抄vespeciesaswe旭旭as旭ossesofthoseorigina旭旭ypresentpmode旭ingcomposi抄ona旭intactnessgivesamoresensi抄veindica抄onofhumanimpactssMode旭Site､旭eve旭abundanceasafunc抄onofpressuresasabovepandhowcomposi抄ona旭simi旭aritytoassemb旭agesinprimaryvegeta抄ondifersamong旭andusessCombinethesemode旭stoes抄matetheBiodiversityIntactnessIndexｪScho旭esｹBiggspゴググズｫｦtheaverageabundanceofadiversesetofspeciespre旭a抄vetotheirabundanceinanunimpactedassemb旭ages
Newbo旭dpHudsonpArne旭旭peta旭sｪゴグゲ葦ｫ
Qゲグs Do旭anduseandre旭atedpressuresinluencecommunitytraitva旭uesn
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Qゲゴs Whichcharacteris抄csofSitesｪesgspdura抄onofhumanimpactandrateofc旭imatechangeｫmeanthatgiven旭and､usechangeshavepar抄cu旭ar旭ysevereefectsonbiodiversityn
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Ques試ons above the site 握eve握
Qゲジs Isbetadiversity旭owerinhuman､dominatedthanmorenatura旭旭andusesn
Ty旭ianakiseta旭sｪゴググズｫ Es抄matedesiredmeasuresofsimi旭arityamongSiteswithinstudiessMode旭howbio抄csimi旭arityamongSitesdependsonsimi旭arityofotheratributesｪinc旭udingcharacteris抄csfromremotesensingorDynamicG旭oba旭EcosystemMode旭sifrequiredｫpaccoun抄ngforamong､Studydiferencesｪesgspusingmixed､efectsmode旭sｫs
Newbo旭dpHudsonpHi旭旭peta旭sｪゴグゲ葦ｫ
Qゲズs Are旭and､sparingor旭and､sharingstrategiesop抄ma旭for旭oca旭biodiversityn
GreenpCorne旭旭pSchar旭emannpandBa旭mfordｪゴググズｫ
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ThePREDICTSdatabase con抄nues to increase in size andcur､rent旭y contains a further ゴゴ Studieswith embargo dates that pre､venttheir inc旭usioninthisre旭easesWeintendtopub旭ishoccasiona旭updatestomakethesedatafree旭yavai旭ab旭esWehavea旭soreceivedanumberoffurtherofersofdatasetsthatwehopetoincorporateinto the database and inc旭ude in future re旭easess There are threepriority categories of data that we are s抄旭旭 seeking ac抄ve旭yr beesfrom outside Western Europeq soi旭 invertebrates and fungiq andgeographicis旭andssThecurrentdatabasefocusesen抄re旭yonspa抄a旭wcontro旭･impactxcomparisonssAfo旭旭ow､onprojectthathasrecent旭ybegunfocusesinsteadontempora旭comparisonspco旭旭a抄ngdatafromwbefore･aterx and ｪespecia旭旭yｫ wbefore･ater･contro旭･impactx stud､iesoftheefectsof旭and､usechangeonterrestria旭assemb旭agessWearethereforeseekingdatasetsp旭inkedtopeer､reviewedpub旭ica抄onspof comparab旭e species､旭eve旭 surveys conducted at each samp旭ing旭oca抄onpwith tempora旭changes in 旭anduseand｠or 旭and､use inten､sitysIfcorrespondingauthorsofsuchpaperswishtoofertheirdatapp旭easecomp旭eteouron旭ineformpavai旭ab旭eatwwwspredictssorgsuk｠pages｠contributeshtm旭sAswithPREDICTSpthenewprojectwi旭旭seektomakeitsdatafree旭yavai旭ab旭es
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PREDICTShasbeensupportedbyUsKsNatura旭EnvironmentResearchCounci旭 grants ｪNE｠Jグゲゲゲゾザ｠ゴ and NE｠Lググゴズゲズ｠ゲｫp the UnitedNa抄ons Environment Program Wor旭d Conserva抄on Monitoring
CentrepBiotechno旭ogyandBio旭ogica旭SciencesResearchCounci旭grantｪBB｠Fグゲゼザゴジ｠ゲｫpaHansRausingPhDScho旭arshipandCOLCIENCIASｪDepartamento Administra抄vo de Cienciap Tecno旭og趣a e Innovaci祝ndeCo旭ombiaｫsWethankthemanyresearcherswhogenerous旭ycon､tributed their data to the PREDICTS projectq inc旭uding TheNatureConserva抄on Founda抄onp Ros B旭anchep Zhi Ping Caop Kris抄naCock旭epEmi旭yDavispMois爾sBarbosadeSouzapCarstenFDormannpChristo Fabriciusp Co旭in Fergusonp He旭een Fermonp Toby GardnerpEva Gaub旭ommep Marco S Gotscha旭kp Peter Hietzp Juan Car旭osIturrondobei抄apDanie旭LKe旭旭ypLeeHsiangLiowpTakashiMatsumotopWi旭旭iamMcSheapE旭derFMoratopAndreasM訟旭旭erpPhi旭ipNyekopTimOvConnorp C旭int Otop Simon Paradisp Marino Rodriguesp WatanaSakchoowongpHariSridharpSusanWa旭kerpRachae旭WinfreepTimothyTWorkpTorstenWronskipGregoryZimmermananda旭旭theie旭dassis､tantsp parataxonomists and taxonomists who co旭旭ected and iden抄､iedtheanima旭spp旭antsand fungi in thedatabasesWethanka旭旭 themanyfundingagenciesandotherorganiza抄onsthathavesupportedtheorigina旭researchthatproducedthesedataqtheseinc旭udeNatura旭SciencesandEngineeringResearchCounci旭ofCanadaandTembecpthe University of Miami Beyond the Book Research Scho旭arshippthe NSF Graduate Research Fe旭旭owship and the Na抄ona旭 ScienceFounda抄on Research Experience for Undergraduates Supp旭ementa旭Awards We thank Technica旭 So旭u抄ons and Informa抄cs staf at theNatura旭HistoryMuseumpLondonpespecia旭旭ySrinivasPat旭o旭ap SimonRycrotpBenScotandChrisS旭eeps
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Nonedec旭areds
Ques抄on Ear旭y examp旭e references Approach
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Other ques試ons
Qゲ葦s Howaccuratearecurrentextentofoccurrence｠rangemapspforexamp旭epthoseproducedbyInterna抄ona旭UnionforConserva抄onofNatureｪゴグゲ葦ｫn
� Cross､checkexis抄ngextentsofoccurrenceandrangeswithPREDICTSdatas
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Qゲゼs Howrepresenta抄vearespeciescata旭oguesn
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ｨ Howdoescoveragevaryamongtaxonomicgroupsn
ｨ Howdoescoveragedependonregionnｨ Aretheresubstan抄a旭diferencesamongtheaggregatedservicesn
ｨ Howwe旭旭aresynonymsandhomonymsrepresentedandreso旭vedn
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TABLE ゲ科 ｪCon抄nuedｫ
ゲゼゴ科 |科 科架 HUDSON ET AL.
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科架 科 | 科ゲ芦ズHUDSON ET AL.
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