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KANNUR UNIVERSITY(Abstract)
MA Malayalam Programme under Choice Based Credit Semester System in the Departmerts- Revised Scheme,Syllabus & Model Question Papers Implemented with effect from 20l5 admission- Orders issued.
ACADEMIC 'C'SBCTIONU.O. No.Acad /C3l 7258/2015 Civil Station P.O, Dated,3 1 -10-2015
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Read : 1. U.ONo.Acad/C3 12049/2009 dated I 1.10.2010.2. U.O No.Acad/C3 /2049/2A09 dated 05.04.201 1.
3. Meeting of the Syndicate Sub-Committee held on 16.01.2015.4. Meeting of the Curriculum Committee held on 10.04.2015.5. U.O No.Acad/C4 /14536/201 4 dated 29.05.201 5.
6. Meeting of the Department Council held on 05"06.2015.7. Letter dated 05.06.2015 from theHOD,Dept.of Malayalam,
Dr.P.K.Rajan Memorial Campus, Nileswaram.8. Meeting of the Curriculum Cr mmirlee held on 03.09,2015.
ORDER
l.The Regulations for Post Craduate Programmes under Choice Based Credit Semester System wereimplemented in the Schools/Departments of the University with effect from 2010 admission as perthe-paper read(l)aboveand cefiain modifications were effected to the same vide paper read(2).
2.The meeting of the Syndicate Sub-Comn-rittee recommended to revise the scheme and Syllabus of all thePos-t Graduate Programmes in the University Schools/Departments under Choice Based Credit
-semester System
(CCSS) with effect frorn 2015 admission vide paper read (3)above.
3. As per the paper read (4) above, the meeting of the Curriculum Committee recommended certainmodifications/ additions to tlre Regulations for Post Graduate Programmes under Choice Based Credit ie.este,System and the Regulations were modified in the University w.e.f. iOt S admission vide paper read (5).
4. The Department Council vide paper read (6) above has approved the Scheme, Syllabus & Model euestionPapers-for MA Malayalam Programme under choice Based credit simester System(cisi) for implementation witheftbct from 2015 admission.
5' The HoD,Dept'of Malayalam,Dr.P.K.Rajan Memorial Campus, Nileswaram vide paper read (T) above,has forwarded the Scheme, syllabus & Model Question Papers for MA Malayalam programme in line with therevised Regulations for Choice Based Credit Semester System for irnplementation with effecifrom 2015 uo*irrion.
6- The meeting of the curriculum commiftee held on 03.09.2015Question Papers for
approved tlre Scheme, Syllabus & Model
MA Malayalam Programme under choice Based credit Semester system in the Department vide paper read (g)
7'The Vice Chancellor after considering the matter in detail, and in exercise of the powers of the AcademicCouncil conferred under section ll(l) of KU Act 1996, and all other enabling prouirions;;J;"g"g,;r'*"lr,r, i,*accorded sanction to implement the Scheme, Syllabus & Model Question rap# fo, traa Malayallm erogrammeunder choice Based credit semester System, offered the unive:siry Department, w.e-f 20i5 admission, subject toreport to the Academic Council.
P.T.O
B.Orders are, therefore, issued accordingly.
9. The revised Schemq Syllabus and Model Question Papers of MA Malayalam Programme effestive from2015 admlssion are appended
sd/-JOrNT nEGTSTRAR (ACADE[[C)
To
The HoD, DepartmentDr.P.K.Rajan Memorial
FOR REGISTRAR
of MalayalamCampus ,Nileswaram
Forwarded/py Order
*;AKICERCopy To:
1. The Examination Branch {throrrgh PA to CE)2. PS tO VC/PA tO PVCEA tO R/PA tO CEIPA tO FO3. JB/ARI Academic4. The Computer Programmer (for uploading in the website ) 5. SF/DF/FC
n'or more details : Iog on www,kannur university.ac.in
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Appendix-uo.no.Acad/C3/7258/2015 Dated 31.10.2015
KANNUR UNIVERSITY
SCHEME & SYLLABUS
FOR
M.A. MALAYALAM LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
PROGRAMME
under
Choice based Credit Semester System
Effective from 2015 Admission
1.DURATION OF THE PROGRAMME:
The duration of the MA Malayalam Programme shall be 2 years, each year comprising two semesters.
2.ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION:
Bachelors degree in Malayalam with 50% in Part III including Subsidiary or any B.A/B.Sc degree with
50% Marks in part II Malayalam (II language). . However, candidates belonging to other socially and
economically backward communities are eligible for a relaxation of 5 percent marks in the qualifying
examination. Those belonging to scheduled castes/scheduled tribes having secured a pass in the
qualifying degree examination are eligible to apply for admission to the Programme.
3. ADMISSION PROCEDURE:
Admission to MA Malayalam is on the basis of entrance examination. The questions for entrance
examination are of multiple choices from Malayalam language and literature at graduate level.
4. RESERVATION:
Reservation as per Government rules.
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5. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE :
Three kinds of Courses are offered to the students in the Programme . They are Core Courses, Open
Courses and Electives. Core Courses are offered by the parent department offering the Programme.
Elective /Open Courses are offered either by the parent department or by any other department.
6. REGISTRATION :
The students have to register for the required number of courses at the beginning of each semester
before the classes begin. They have to complete the prescribed prerequisites for the course before
registration. The student with in a maximum of 10 working days after the commencement of the class
can change the optional courses in consultation with their student advisor who is a faculty member, if the
student feels that he/she has registered for more courses than he/she can handle. No student shall register
for more than 24 credits and less than 16 credits in a semester.
. 7. LIST OF COURSES
Core Courses
Sl.No
Course Code Course Title Instructional
Hrs/week
Credits
1. MAL1 C 001 Ancient and Medieval Literature 5 5
2. MAL 1C 002 Modern Literature 5 5
3. MAL 1C 003 Sahityacharitra Vijnaneeyam 5 5
4. MAL 1C 004 Linguistics 5 5
5. MAL 2C 005 Grammar 5 5
6. MAL 2C 006 Renaissance Literature 5 5
7. MAL 2C 007 Sanskrit I 5 5
8. MAL 3C 008 Sanskrit II 5 5
9. MAL 3C 009 Literary Theories – Eastern 5 5
10. MAL 3C 010 Literary Theories – Western 5 5
11. MAL 4C 011 Kerala Culture 5 5
12. MAL 4C 012 Translation Theory & Practice 5 5
13. MAL 4C 013 Malayalam Literary Criticism 5 5
14. MAL 4C 014 Project/Dissertation 5 5
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Electives
Sl.No
Course Code Course Title Instructional
Hrs/week
Credit
1. MAL 2 E 001 Cyber Literature & Culture 5 4
2. MAL 2E 002 Folklore 5 4
3. MAL 2E 003 Eminent Writer -Madhavikutty 5 4
4. MAL 2E 004 Eminent Writer-Kumaranasan 5 4
5 MAL 2E 005 Eminent Writer- Vayala
Vasudevan Pillai
5 4
6. MAL 2E 006 Scholarly Literature 5 4
7. MAL 2E 007 Tamil Literature 5 4
8. MAL 3E 008 Literature and Philosophy 5 4
9. MAL 3E 009 Cultural Studies 5 4
10. MAL 3E 010 Writings for Media 5 4
11 MAL 3E 011 Dalit –Eco-women writings 5 4
12 MAL 3E 012 Eminent Writer-K.P.Appan 5 4
13 MAL 3E 013 Eminent Writer-Kovilan 5 4
14 MAL 3E 014 Eminent Writer-Sakkaria 5 4
8. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE SEMESTERWISE:
I Semester
II Semester
No. Course Code Name of the Course Credits Instructional
Hours/Sem
Marks
CE ESE Total
1 MAL 1C 001 Ancient and Medieval Literature 5 80 40 60 100
2 MAL 1C 002 Modern Literature 5 80 40 60 100
3 MAL 1C 003 Sahityacharitrhra Vijnaneeyam 5 80 40 60 100
4 MAL 1C 004 Linguistics 5 80 40 60 100
Total 20 320 160 240 400
No Course Code
Name of the Course Credits Instructional
Hours/Sem
Marks
CE ESE Total
1 MAL 2C 005 Grammar 5 80 40 60 100
2 MAL 2C 006 Renaissance Literature 5 80 40 60 100
3 MAL 2C 007 Sanskrit I 5 80 40 60 100
4 Elective 4 80 40 60 100
5 Elective 4 80 40 60 100
Total 23 400 200 300 500
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III Semester
IV Semester
TotalCredits =20+23+23+20=86
9. CREDIT REQUIREMENTS
The minimum total credits needed for the successful completion of the Programme shall be 80 in
which minimum credits required for Core Course is 60 and minimum for Elective Course is 12.
10. EVALUATION:
Evaluation of the students shall be done by the faculty member who teaches the Course on the basis
of Continuous Evaluation (CE) and End Semester Examination(ESE). The proportion of the
distribution of marks among End Semester Examination and Continuous Evaluation shall be 60:40. The
No Course Code
Name of the Course Credits Instructional
Hours/Sem
Marks
CE ESE Total
1 MAL 3C 008 Sanskrit II 5 80 40 60 100
2 MAL 3C 009 Literary Theories
Eastern
5 80 40 60 100
3. MAL 3C 010 Literary Theories
Western
5 80 40 60 100
4 Elective 4 80 40 60 100
5 Elective 4 80 40 60 100
Total 23 400 200 300 500
No Course Code
Name of the Course Credits Instructional
Hours/Sem
Marks
CE ESE Total
1 MAL4 C 011 Kerala Culture 5 80 40 60 100
2 MAL 4C 012 Translation Theory &
Practice
5 80 40 60 100
3 MAL 4C 013 Malayalam Literary
Criticism
5 80 40 60 100
4 MAL 4C 014 Project/Dissertation Viva-
Voce
5 80 40 60 100
Total 20 320 160 240 400
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duration of the End Semester Examination for each Course shall be 3 hours. The minimum marks required
for the successful completion of a course shall be 50%. The maximum marks for continuous Evaluation
shall be 40 and shall be based on the following components:
* Assignments : 20%,* Class Test s: 40%,* Seminar :40%
11. VIVA:
In the IV Semester there shall be dissertation, Creative writing etc. and a comprehensive Viva-Voce. The
Viva Voce examination is based on the dissertation/creative writing arranged by the department with an
external expert .
12. EXAMINATION AND GRADING:
Conduct of examinations, grading of the students, issuing grade cards etc are based on the regulations
for Choice based Credit Semester system.
ska-ÌÀ 1
MAL 1C 001 {]mNo\ a[y-Ime kmlnXyw s{IUnäv:5 Ancient and Medieval Literature
A[ym-]nI : tUm. doP. hn. 18-þmw \qäm−phsc-bpÅ ae-bmfkmln-Xy-¯n-sâbpw `mjbpsSbpw hnIm-k-]-cn-
Wm-a-§Ä, tIc-f-¯nsâ kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnIaWvU-e-§-fn D−mb Ne-\-§Ä¡v kmlnXyw F{X-t¯mfw Imc-W-ambn F¶n-hsb kw_-Ôn¨v Bg-¯n-epÅ Úm\w kzcq-]n-¡pI F¶n-h-bmWv Cu tImgvkv sIm−v Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. AXn\v klm-b-I-amIpw hn[-¯n-epÅ IrXn-IÄ hntij]T-\-̄ n\v sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶p. kne-_-kn ]d-bp¶ klm-bI {KÙ-§fpw tImgvkp-ambn _Ô-s¸« aäv ]pkvX-I-§fpw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ hmbn¨v sse{_dn dnt¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw AXXv Syq«Àamsc ImWn¨v hne-bn-cp-¯n-b-Xn\v tijw NÀ¨-IÄ/skan-\m-dp-IÄ/kwhm-Z-§Ä F¶nh \S-¯p-Ibpw thWw. bqWnäv H¶v: {]mNo\]m«p kmlnXyw ]m«nsâ e£-Ww-þ-]m«pw ]mWvUy-`mjm kmcq-]y-hpw-þ-]m-«nsâ hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§Ä-þ-cm-a-N-cn-Xw, Xncp-\n-gÂame-þ-]m-«nsâ ]pXn-b -ap-Jw-þ-I-®-È-Ir-Xn-IÄ, cma-I-Y-]m-«v-þ-]-¿-¶qÀ ]m«nsâ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]m[m-\yw. ]mTy-̀ m-K-§Ä
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1. cma-N-cnXw : 66þmw ]Sew 2. Xncp-\n-gÂame : Imthym]{Iaw JÞw 1 þ 5 3. `mcXame : iey]ÀÆw 10 ]m«v 4. cma-I-Y-̧ m«v : _me-ImWvUw H¶mw hncp¯w bqWnäv c−v: a[y-Im-e-]m«p kmlnXyw KmY, Infn-̧ m-«v, XpÅÂ, h©n-̧ m-«v, ]m\ F¶o kmlnXy {]Øm-\-§-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ-þ- -̀àn-bpsS ]cn-Wmaw sNdp-tÈcn apX ]q´m\w hsc þ Fgp-̄ -ѳ `mj-bn hcp-̄ nb auenI ]cn-hÀ -̄\w-þ16-þmw \qäm-−nse tIc-f-¯nsâ kmaq-lnI kmwkv¡m-cnI A´-co£w ]p¯³ ]m\-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ. ]mTy-̀ m-K-§Ä 1. IrjvW-KmY hÕkvtXbw 2. A²ym-ß-cm-am-bWw Infn-̧ m«v kpµcImWvUw 3. tLmj-bm{X XpÅ 4. Ip-tNe hr¯w h©n-̧ m«v 5. Úm\-̧ m\ ]m\ bqWnäv aq¶v: {]mNo\ aWn-{]-hmfw aWn{]-hm-f-¯nsâ Dev]-̄ n, e£-Ww-þ-{]m-No-\-a-Wn-{]-hm-f-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ, aWn-{]-hmf Ime-L-«-¯nse tIc-f-k-aq-lw-þ-{]m-No\ N¼p-¡Ä-þ-N-¼p-¡-fnse kmaq-lnI hnaÀi-\w-þ-k-tµi Imhy-§Ä, kvtXm{X-§Ä-þ-k-tµi Imhy-§Ä \ÂIp¶ tIcf Ncn-{X-kw-_-Ôn-bmb kqN-\-IÄ-þ-eoemXneIhpw aWn-{]-hmf kmln-Xy-hpw. ]mTy-̀ m-K-§Ä 1. D®nb¨n NcnXw 2. sNdn-b¨n 3. D®-p\oenktµiw ]qÀÆ-`mKw 4. Nt{µm-Õhw 5þmw `mKw 25 tÇmIw bqWnäv \mev: a[y-Ime aWn-{]-hmfw N¼p, B«-¡Y F¶n-h-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ-þ-{]m-No\ N¼p-¡Ä, a[y-Ime N¼p-¡Ä, Xmc-X-ayw-þ-B-«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ Dev]¯n hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä, ka-Ime ØnXn-þ-tIm-«-b¯p X¼p-cm³, D®mbn hmcyÀ, Cc-bn-½³ X¼n F¶n-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ kmam-\y-Úm-\w. ]mTy-̀ m-K-§Ä 1. cmam-bWw N¼p DZym\{]thiw 2. \f-N-cnXw c−mw Znhkw 3. InÀ½och[w bqWnäv A©v: {]mNo\ `mjm-KZyw
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hnhn[ `mtjm¸¯n kn²m-́ -§Äþim-k\ `mj-þ-`m-tjm-ev]¯n ]T-\-¯n Ah F{X-am{Xw klm-b-I-am-Ipw-þ-im-k-\-`mj ae-bmfamtWm?þIu-S-eob`mj-þ-A-Xnsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ-þ-im-k-\-`m-jbpw Iu-S-eob`mjbpw Xmc-X-ayw-þ-Zq-X-hmIyw KZyw-þ-\-¼ym- -́an-gv-þ-Iq¯pw IqSn-bm-«hpw `mjsb hfÀ¯ntbm?þ\-¼ym-́ -an-gnsâ kmln-Xy-aq-eyw-þ-an-j-Wdn KZyw-þ-A-Xnsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ-þ-an-j-W-dn-am-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ. ]mTy-̀ m-K-§Ä 1. PqXimk\w 2. `mjmIuS-eobwþ koXm-²y£w 3. {_Òm-WvU-]p-cmWwþ 21 þ mw A²ymbw 4. DZbwt]cqÀkq\-l-tZm-knsâ Imt\m-\-IÄ d^-d³kv 1. ]n.tKm-hn-µ¸nÅ, BÀ.-\m-cm-b-W-̧ -Wn-¡À, DÅqÀ, BäqÀ, F³.-Ir-jvW-]n-Å F¶n-h- cpsS kmlnXyNcn{X {KÙ-§Ä 2. ]n.-sI.-]-c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ {SÌnsâ kmlnXy Ncn-{X-§Ä 3. tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ kmlnXy Ncn-{X-§Ä 4. tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ kmlnXy Ncn-{X-§Ä 5. cma-N-cn-Xhpw ]m«p-am-Xr-I-Ifpw tUm.-Fw.-Fw.-]p-cp-tjm- -̄a³ 6. cma-N-cn-Xhpw {]mNo\ ae-bm-fhpw tUm.-sI.-Fw.-tPmÀÖv 7. aWn{]hmfw ]p\Àhmb\ FUn. tUm. doP hn 8. s{]m^. ]n cmasâ {]_豈 k¼m: tUm. doP hn 9. a[y-Ime ae-bmfw tUm.-]n.-hn.-th-em-bp-[³]nÅ 10. \ncWw ]m«p-IÄ tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW³ 11. tIc-f-`m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§Ä Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³]nÅ 12. ]Zy-cXv\w (D-t]m-ZvLm-Xw) tUm.-]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]nÅ 13. Fgp-¯-ѳ tUm.-sI.-cm-L-h³]nÅ 14. ae-bmf `mjm]cn-Wmaw kn²m- -́§fpw Xncp-\-ÃqÀ Icp-Wm-I-c³ hkvXp-X-Ifpw 15. eoem-Xn-eIw H¶mw-inev]w 16. Ip©³ \¼ymÀ hm¡pw kaq-lhpw tUm.-sI.-F³.-K-tWjv 17. IY-Ifn Pn.-IrjvW¸nÅ 18. B«-¡Y Abva\w IrjvW-ss¡-aÄ 19. c−p {]mNo-\-KZy IrXn-IÄ kvIdnb k¡-dnb 20. anj-Wdn ae-bmf KZy-am-Xr-I-IÄ kmap-h Nµ-\-̧ nÅn 21. \f-N-cnXktµiw Abva\w IrjvW-ss¡-aÄ 22. `mjmN¼p-¡Ä DÅqÀ Fkv.-]-tc-iz-c-¿À 23. Ezhuthachan and his age Chelanattu Achutha Menon
24. Early Manipravala - A study K.Ramachandran Nair
25. Language of Middle Malayalam Puthussery Ramachandran
ska-ÌÀ 1
MAL 1C 002B[p-\nI kmlnXyw Modern Literature
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s{IUnäv 5 A[ym-]-I³: tUm. sI.sI.inhZmkv aebmf `mj-bpsSbpw kmln-Xy-̄ n-sâbpw hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§Ä \nco-£n-¡p-t¼mÄ B[p-\n-IX hcp-̄ n-XoÀ¯ amäw {it²-b-am-Wv. Bi-b-]-c-ambpw inev]-c-N\m]c-ambpw sshhn-²y-ta-dnb IrXn-IÄ kmln-Xy-̄ n D−m-bn. `mhp-I-Xz-¯nepw kwth-Z-\-̄ nepw D−mb amä-§Ä Xncn-̈ -dn-bp-Ibpw B[p-\n-IXm{]Øm-\s¯ hnaÀi\ZrjvSym hne-bn-cp-̄ m\pw tImgvkv e£y-an-Sp-¶p. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-¯n {]Xy-£-s¸« ]pXnb {]h-W-X-IÄ DÄs¡m-Åp¶ IrXnIÄ hmbn-¡p-Ibpw NÀ -̈Ifpw kwhmZ-§fpw \S¯n sse{_dn dn¡mÀUp-IÄ AXXv Syq«Àamsc ImWn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. \ho\XkmlnXyw F¶ t]¸À CXn\v A\p-_-Ô-am-Wv. B[p-\n-IX If-§Ä Xncn v̈ thÀXn-cn-¡m³ Bhm-̄ -Xn-\m Cu t]¸-dp-IÄ ]c-kv]c]qc-I-§-fm-Wv. bqWnäv 1 IhnX A¿¸¸Wn-¡À arXyp-]qP sI.-Pn.-i-¦-c-]nÅ IS-¼-\m«v IS-¼nà k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ ]\n F.-A¿-̧ ³ Nn¯-tcm-Km-ip-]-{Xn-bnse Zn\-§Ä _me-N-{µ³ NpÅn-¡mSv am¸p-km£n BäqÀ chn-hÀ½ kw{I-aWw Fkv.tPmk^v ]nd¶hoSv ]n.cma³ Xpcp¼v taml\IrjvW³ ImeSn ]mk©À A\nXX¼n apäaSn¡pt¼mÄ bqWnäv 2 IY/t\mh Fw.-ap-I-µ³ UÂln 1981 Fw. ]n. \mcm-b-W-]nÅ tPmÀÖv Bdm-a-sâ tImSXn
am[-hn-¡p«n \jvS-s¸« \oemw-_cn k¡-dnb Hcp \{kmWn bphmhpw Kufn imkv{Xhpw
F³.Fkv.-am-[-h³ Xncp¯v hn.-sI.-F³ \f-Z-a-b´n sI.BÀ.aoc tamlaª D®n BÀ tIm«bw 17
]n.hn.jmPnIpamÀ ag shbn apkvX^ etc Fkv.lcojv BZw bqWnäv 3 t\mh acp-̀ q-an-IÄ D−m-Ip-¶Xv B\µv Jkm-¡nsâ CXn-lmkw H.-hn.-hn-P-b³ km£n Im¡-\m-S³ BSpPohnXw s_\yma³
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bqWnäv 4 \mSIw/Xnc-¡Y `c-X-hmIyw Pn.-i-¦-c-̧ nÅ e¦m-e£van kn.-F³.-{io-I-WvT³\m-bÀ Ah-\-h³ IS¼ Imhmew te_À dqw sI. hn . {ioP bqWnäv 5 k©m-c-km-lnXyw/Bß-IY/Poh-N-cn{Xw Bß-I-Y, Poh-N-cn-{Xw, bm{Xm-hn-h-c-Ww, Xnc-¡-Y, HmÀa¡pdn v̧, tIs«gp¯v F¶o kmlnXycq]-§-fnse ]pXnb IrXn-IÄ, Ah-bnse cN\m khn-ti-j-X-IÄ F¶nh Cu
bqWn-än-eqsS {Kln-t¡-−-Xm-Wv. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw: _p²]Yw cho{µ³ 2. Poh-N-cn{Xw: _joÀ: GIm-́ -ho-Yn-bnse Ah-[q-X³ Fw.-sI.-km\p 3. Bß-IY: kzct`Z§Ä `mKye£van 4. Xnc-¡Y: Sn.-Un. Zmk³ ÌmtâÀUv 6 _n taml³ cmL-h³
5. HmÀa¡pdn¸v: Zp_mbv¸pg IrjvWZmkv 6. tIs«-gp¯v:
PohnXw ]mSp¶ {Kma-t^m¬ Xml amSmbn klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä 1. B[p\nIae-bmf kmlnXy Ncn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-eqsS FUn: sI.-Fw.-tPmÀÖv 2. Ihn-Xbpw ]mc-¼-cyhpw I¡mSv F³.-F³ 3. Ipcp-t£{Xw A¿-̧ -̧ -Wn-¡À 4. tIcf Ihn-X-bnse Ienbpw Nncnbpw {]k-¶-cm-P³ 5. IS-½-\n«bnse Ihn FUn: sI.-F-kv.-c-hn-Ip-amÀ 6. IY-þ-BJym-\hpw A\p-̀ -h-k-̄ bpw sI.-]n.-A-̧ ³ 7. amdp¶ ae-bm-f t\mh sI.-]n.-A-̧ ³ 8. sNdp-I-Y-þ-hm¡pw hgnbpw sI.-F-kv.-c-hn-Ip-amÀ 9. IYbpw `mhp-I-Xz-]-cn-Wm-ahpw sI.-F-kv.-c-hn-Ip-amÀ 10. kv{Xo, kzXzw, kaqlw FUn: -C.-hn.-cm-a-Ir-jvW³ 11. IY Imew t]mse F³.-i-in-[-c³ 12. B[p-\n-tIm-̄ -c-X-bpsS tIc-fob ]cn-kcw tUm.-]n.-sI.-t]m-¡À 13. B[p-\n-Im-\-́ cw tUm.-]n.-]n.-c-ho-{µ³ 14. AÔ-\mb ssZhw tUm.-]n.-sI.-cm-P-ti-J-c³ 15. ae-bm-f-̄ nse IYm-Im-cn-IÄ tUm.-{io-tZhn sI.-\m-bÀ 16. t\mhÂ-þ-N-cn-{X-̄ nsâ ]mT-t`Zw tUm.-jmPn tP¡_v 17. t\mh hmb-\-IÄ tUm.-hn.-kn.-{io-P³ 18. B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Ipä-k-½Xw ]n.-]-hn-{X³ 19. IY tXSp¶ IY F³.-{]-̀ m-I-c³
10
20. au\-̄ nsâ apg¡w F³.-{]-̀ m-I-c³ 21. kv{XohmZw sP. tZhnI 22. IYbpw ]cn-Øn-Xnbpw Pn.-a-[p-kq-Z-\³ 23. kv{Xo, kv{Xohm-Zw, kv{Xohn-tam-N\w sI.-im-c-Zm-aWn 24. ae-bmf \mSI kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw Pn.-i-¦-c-̧ nÅ 25. \mSIw I®nsâ Ie Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c³ 26. D·m-Zn-bpsS DZym\w cmPp-¡p-«³ ]n.-Pn. 27. IYbpsS _lpkzcX FUn. tUm.doP hn
ska-ÌÀ 1 MAL 1C003 kmlnXy Ncn{X hnÚm\obw
s{IUnäv:5 A[ym-]-I³: tUm. F.Fw.{io[c³ kmlnXyw,Ncn{Xw,F¶o hyhlmc§Ä tNcp¶XmWv kmlnXy Ncn{Xw.
AXnsâ \nÀ½mWhpw coXnimkv{Xhpw ]T\hnt[bam¡p¶XmWv kmlnXy
Ncn{XhnÚm\obw. aebmf¯n ]s¯m¼Xmw \qäm−nsâ Ahkm\t¯msS
bmWv kmlnXyNcn{XcN\ F¶ k¦ev]w \nehn hcp¶Xv. kmlnXyNcn{X
\nÀ½nXnbpsS hyXykvXkao]\§Ä A]{KYn¨v Ncn{XImc·mcpsS kao]\
t`Z§Ä XmcXayw sNbvXv AXphgn kmlnXyNcn{X§fpsS ho£W§fpw
A`nZÀi\§fpw hnaÀi\_p²ymhnebncp¯pIbpamWv Cu tImgvknsâ e£yw.
kmlnXyNcn{X§Ä AsXgpXs¸« kmwkvImcnI ]cnkchpw tZiImehpw
ap³\nÀ¯n NÀ¨ sN¿s¸tS−Xp−v. Ncn{Xw kwkvImc]T\w IqSnbmIp¶
]pXnb ImgvN¸mSpIfpw ]cnKWnt¡−Xp−v. A§s\ cq]s¸Sp¶ kmlnXy
Ncn{XZÀi\w Is−¯p¶Xpw Cu ]T\¯nsâ e£yamWv. NÀ¨Ifpw
kwhmZ§fpw \S¯n sse{_dn dn¡mÀUpIÄ AXXv Syq«Àamsc ImWn¡pIbpw
thWw.
bqWnäv 01
kmlnXy Ncn{XcN\þ kn²m´hpw {]tbmKhpw
Ncn{Xw,kmlnXyNcn{Xw,`mjmNcn{Xw F¶nhbpsS \nÀ½nXn¡mhiyamb
D]mZm\§Ä.kmlnXyNcn{XcN\bpsS e£y§Ä,[À½§Ä,t{]cWIÄ.
kmlnXyt_m[t¯msSm¸w tZiw,tZiobX,kwkvImcw: kmlnXyNcn{X cN\m
11
thfbnseKthjWw,]mT\nÀ®b\w,Ncn{XhnÚm\w,aqÃy\nÀ®bw,\nco£W_p
²n,`mjbpsS hnImk]cnWma§Ä,{]Øm\\njvTamb kao]\coXnIÄ, KZyw,
]Zyw F¶o hn`P\§Ä.
bqWnäv 02
aebmfkmlnXyNcn{X§fpsS s]mXpkz`mhw
aebmf¯nse BZykmlnXyNcn{XcN\þBJym\coXn. kmlnXy{]Øm\§fpsS
hn`P\w,{]mNo\a[yImew,B[p\nIw F¶o hn`P\§fpsS ASnØm\w.
‘tIcfkmlnXyNcn{X’¯nsâ {]kàn, KthjWhpw hnebncp¯epw. aebmf
IrXnIfpw kwkvIrXIrXnIfpw ]cmaÀin¡p¶ coXn. tZiNcn{Xhpw
kwkvImcNcn{Xhpw. IrXnIfpsS kmaqlnIþkmwkvImcnI ]Ým¯ew kmlnXy
hnÚm\w,hniZoIcW kz`mhw,aebmfkmlnXyNcn{X§fn \n¶pw A©v
amXrIIÄ ]cntim[n¡pIþ
1.aebmf`mjmNcn{Xw þ ]n.tKmhnµ]nÅ
2.tIcf`mjmkmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ (7hmfyw) BÀ.\mcmbW³
3. tIcfkmlnXyNcn{Xw þ (5 hmfyw)þDÅqÀ
4. ssIcfnbpsS IY þ F³.IrjvW]nÅ
5. aebmf IhnXmkmlnXyNcn{Xw þ Fw.eoemhXn
bqWnäv 03
kmlnXyNcn{Xw {]Øm\§fneqsS
kmlnXyNcn{XImc·mÀ ]peÀ¯p¶ kao]\coXnIfpw {]Øm\hn`P\hpw.
aWn{]hmfwþN¼p,ktµiImhy§Ä,]m«v,KmY,IY,\mSIw, t\mhÂ, hnaÀi\w
B¡¡Y,JÞImhyw,k©mckmlnXyw, B[p\nI kmlnXyw XpS§nbh
hyXykvXkmlnXycq]§sf B[mcam¡nbpÅ kmlnXyNcn{XcN\. KZyw,]Zyw
F¶n§s\ thÀXncn¨pÅ kmlnXyNcn{Xw XpS§nbh.
k¼qÀ®w,`mKoIw Xmsg¸dbp¶ amXrIIÄ ]cnNbs¸SpI
1. kmlnXyNcn{Xw {]Øm\§fneqsS þ FUn: sI.Fw.tPmÀPv
12
2. B[p\nI kmlnXyNcn{Xw {]Øm\§fneqsSþ ”
3. KZykmlnXyNcn{Xw þ Sn.Fw.Np½mÀ
4. ]ZykmlnXyNcn{Xw þ Sn.Fw.Np½mÀ
5. aebmf t\mh kmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ sI.Fw.XcI³
6. aebmf \mSI kmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ Pn.i¦c]nÅ
bqWnäv 04
kmlnXyNcn{XcN\bnse Nˬbpw ]qcWhpw \ncq]Whpw
kmlnXyNcn{X§fpsS XmcXayw,]cnKW\IÄ,ap³amXrIIsf ap³\nÀ¯nbpÅ
hnebncp¯Â. kmlnXykao]\§sf¸änbpÅ hyXykvX \ne]mSpIÄ. NÀ¨bpw
]qcWhpw hn«pt]mb I®nIÄ,\ncq]W kz`mhw,kmlnXyIrXnIfpsS
aqey\nÀ®bw,ImenI {]kàn,Bc¦mcnI`mjbpw AXypànIfpw,
ImeKW\bnepw KthjW¯nepw BkzmZ\¯nepw h¶ Bß\njvTX,
kmlnXyNcn{XImc·mÀ ]¨p ]peÀ¯p¶ A`n{]mbt`Z§Ä, ]£t`Z§Ä,
Xmev]cy§Ä,hyànKX {]iwkIÄ,IrXnIfpsS alXzhXv¡cWw. ]nev¡me
kmlnXyNcn{X\nÀ½nXnIÄ,kmlnXyNcn{Xkw{Kl§Ä, ImeL«§fneqsSbpÅ
k©mcw bpànklamb \ncmIcWw. \ho\ ImgvN¸mSpIÄ
]cnNbs¸tS− amXrIIÄ
1. tIcfkmlnXy Ncn{Xw NÀ¨bpw ]qcWhpw þ hS¡pwIqÀ cmPcmPhÀ½
2. aebmfkmlnXyNcn{X kw{Klw þ ]n.i¦c³ \¼ymÀ
3. aebmfkmlnXy Ncn{Xw ImeL«§fneqsS þ Fcptaen ]ctaizc³ \mbÀ
4. aebmf kmlnXyNcn{Xw IrjvW KmYhsc þ ]n.]n.thembp[³ ]nÅ
5. k¼qÀ® aebmf kmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ FUn:]·\ cmaN{µ³ \mbÀ
bqWnäv 05
kmlnXyNcn{X\nÀ½nXnbpsS hÀ¯am\hpw ZmÀi\nI Xehpw
kmlnXyNcn{X\nÀ½nXnbpsS bpàn ]p\cmtemN\bv¡v hnt[bam¡p¶p.
L«hn`P\w, ImeKW\bpsS ]cnanXnIÄ, kzX\nÀ®b\ coXnIÄ, \ho\ ImgvN
¸mSpIÄ,\ne\nev¡p¶ kmlnXyNcn{X§fn \n¶v ]mÀizhev¡cn¡ s¸«hbpw
13
]cmaÀin¡msXt]mbhbpw, \jvSs¸Sp¶ ZmÀi\nIXbpw hnaÀi\hpw. ZfnXv,
kv{XohmZ, ]cnØnXn, {]mtZinIcN\ItfmSpÅ kao]\hpw Øm\s¸Sp¯epw,
]pXnb Úm\ ]²XnIÄ, Ncn{X¯nsâ ]p\Àhmb\, hnaÀi\mßI
kao]\§Ä, ]pXnsbmcp kmlnXyNcn{X\nÀ½nXnbpsS kmwKXyw. XpSÀ NÀ¨IÄ
]cnNbs¸tS− amXrIIÄ
1. tIcfkmlnXyNcn{X NÀ¨ þ tIcfkÀhIemime
2. aebmfkmlnXy Ncn{X§Ä þ ]n.sI.]ctaizc³ \mbÀ kvamcI {SÌv
3. kmlnXyw,Ncn{Xw,kwkvImcw
amdp¶kahmIy§Ä þ ]n.Fkv.cm[mIrjvW³
klmbI {KÙ§Ä
1. aebmf `mjmNcn{Xw þ ]n.tKmhnµ¸nÅ
2. tIcf`mjmkmlnXy Ncn{Xw (7 hmfyw) þ BÀ. \mcmbW¸Wn¡À
3. `mjmkmlnXyNcn{X kw{Klw þ ]n. i¦c³ \¼ymÀ
4. tIcfkmlnXy Ncn{Xw 15 hmeyw þ DÅqÀ
5. KZykmlnXyNcn{Xw þ Sn.Fw.Np½mÀ
6. ]ZykmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ Sn.Fw.Np½mÀ
7. aebmf kmlnXyNcn{Xw þ ]n.sI.]ctaizc³ \mbÀ
8. aebmf IhnXmkmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ Fw.eoemhXn
9. kmlnXyNcn{Xw {]Øm\§fneqsS (FUn.) þ sI.Fw.tPmÀPv
10. B[p\nI kmlnXyNcn{Xw {]Øm\§fneqsSþ sI.Fw.tPmÀPv
11. aebmfkmlnXyNcn{Xw IrjvWKmYhsc þ ]n.hn.thembp[³ ]nÅ
12. ssIcfnbpsS IY þ F³.IrjvW]nÅ
13. tIcf `mjbpsS hnImk]cnWma§Ä þ CfwIpfw Ipª³ ]nÅ
14. `mjbpw kmlnXyhpw \qäm−pIfn þ CfwIpfw Ipª³ ]nÅ
15. AªqdphÀjs¯ tIcfw Nne AdnhSbmf§Äþ FUn: hÀ¤okv.]n.sP
& hnPbtaml\³ ]nÅ
16. Ip©³ hsc þ amStÈcn am[hhmcyÀ
17. Ip©\ptijw þ amStÈcn am[hhmcyÀ
18. Aebmf kmlnXyNcn{Xw þ IrjvWssNX\y
19. k¼qÀ® aebmf kmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ FUn: ]·\ cmaN{µ³\mbÀ
14
20. t\mh kmlnXyNcn{Xw þ sI.Fw.XcI³
21. aebmf \mSI kmlnXyNcn{Xw þ Pn.i¦c]nÅ
22. aebmf \mSI kmlnXyNcn{Xw þ hbemhmkptZh³ ]nÅ
23. lmkykmlnXyNcn{Xw þ sas¡mà ]ctaizc³
24. aebmf\mSI {]Øm\w þ Im«pamSw \mcmbW³
25. sNdpIY C¶se C¶v þ Fw.A¨ypX³
26. kmlnXyw Ncn{Xw kwkvImcw þ ]n.Fkv.cm[mIrjvW³
27. {InkvXym\nIfpw aebmf kmlnXyhpw þ ]n.sP.tXmakv
28. Aebmf kwKoX\mSI Ncn{Xw þ sI.{ioIpamÀ
29. tIcf¯nse \mtSmSn \mSI§Ä þ Fkv.sI.\mbÀ
30. t^mIvtemÀ \nL−p þ Fw.hn.hnjvWp\¼qXncn
31. aebmf kmlnXyhnaÀi\w þ kpIpamÀ Agot¡mSv
32. aebmf \mSIthZnbpsS IY þ aShqÀ `mkn
33. aebmf \mSI kv{Xo Ncn{Xw þ kPnX aT¯nÂ
34. aebmf sNdpIYmkmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ Fw.Fw._joÀ
35. sNdpIYm {]Øm\w þ Fw.]n.t]mÄ
36. IYIfn kzcq]w þ as¦m¼v inhi¦c]nÅ
37. B«¡YmkmlnXyw þ Abva\w IrjvWss¡aÄ
38. a[yIme aebmfw þ ]n.hn.thembp[³ ]nÅ
39. XpÅ kmlnXy Ncn{Xw þ ]n.Fkv.iÀ½
40. aebmf \mSIw {KÙ]mThpw cwK]mThpw þ Pn.KwKm[c³
41. aebmf kmlnXy¯nse Iogmf]cnt{]£yw þ A\n IpamÀ.Sn.sI
42. ZenXv kmlnXy{]Øm\w þ sI.kn.]pcptjm¯a³
43. ZenXv ]T\wþkzXzw kwkvImcw kmlnXyw þ {]Zo]³ ]m¼ncn¡p¶v
44. lcnX \ncq]Ww aebmf¯n þ FUn: Pn.a[pkqZ\³
45. ]cnØnXn ZÀi\w aebmfIhnXbn þ Fkv.cmPtiJc³
46. lcnXZÀi\w B[p\nIm\´c IhnXbn þ kn.BÀ.{]kmZv
47. ZfnXamjc kwbpàw þ kPnX.sI.BÀ
48. kv{XohmZw þ tZhnI.sP
49. tZhZqXnIÄ amªpt]mhXv þ ]n.KoX
50. kv{Xo ]T\§Ä þ FUn: sI.k¨nZm\µ³
51. kv{XokzXmhnjvImcw B[p\nI aebmf
15
kmlnXy¯n þ Fw.eoemhXn
52. s]¬Ime§Ä þ ]n.KoX
53. ssk_À aebmfw þ kp\nX.Sn.hn
54. kwkvImchpw tZiobXbpw þ sI.F³.]Wn¡À
55. kwkvImc ]T\wþ HcmapJw þ]n.]n.cho{µ³
56. k©mckmlnXyw þ sI.]n.ctajv N{µ³
57. aebmf ktµi Imhy§Ä Hcp ]T\w þ N¼¡pfw A¸p¡p«³ \mbÀ
58. AÔ\mb ssZhwþaebmft\mhensâ
\qdphÀj§Ä þ ]n.sI.cmPtiJc³
59. Is Litarary History Possible -Perkins David
60. Of many Heroes,As Essay in Literary Historiography- Devy.E.N
ska-ÌÀ 1
MAL 1C 004 `mjm-imkv{Xw
(Linguistics)
s{IUnäv:5 A[ym]-I³ tUm. F.-Fw. {io[-c³
kmlnXy]T-\-̄ n\v Icp¯pw BÀÖ-hhpw \ÂIp¶ ]T-\-im-J-bmb `mjm-imkv{Xw kmam-\y-ambpw hni-Z-ambpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-̄ p-I-bmWv Cu tImgvkv sIm−v Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. `mj-bpsS ASnØm\hn-hcw apX kn²m´Xe-w hsc-bpÅ `mj-bpsS hn\n-ab km[y-X-IÄ Ip«n-IÄ Adn-ªn-cn-t¡-−-Xp-−v. klm-bI{KÙ-§fpw tImgvkp-ambn _Ô-s¸« aäv IrXn-Ifpw hmbn v̈ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ sse{_dn sdt¡m-Up-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw Ah AXXv Syq«Àam-sc-¡m-Wn v̈ hne-bn-cp¯n NÀ¨-Ifpw skan-\m-dp-Ifpw kwL-Sn-¸n-¡pIbpw th-Ww. bqWnäv 1 `mj-þ-`mjm imkv{Xw-þ-\nÀÆ-N\w, `mj-þ-`m-jWwþin-ip-`mjþ`mjmÀÖ\kn²nþ `mjm]{KY\coXn-IÄ: GI-Im-en-Iw, _lp-Im-enIw, Xmc-X-aym-ß-Iw, hyXn-tc-Im-ß-Iw, B\phw-in-Iw, I£ym-]-cw, `mjm-imkv{X Ncn-{X-̄ nsâ cq]-tc-J-þ-]-gb ]T-\-§Ä-þ-̂ n-tem-f-Pn.þtKm{X`mjIfptSb{]mtZinI`mjIfptSbpw ØnXnþen]n-N-cn-{Xw, ]e-Xcw en]n-IÄ, teJna-§-fpw, D]-te-Jn-a-§-fpw. bqWnäv 2 kz\w, kz\n-aw, hÀWw, A£-cw, cq]n-aw, [mXp, {]Ir-Xn, {]Xy-bw, cq]-kn-²n, \njv]m-Z\w
16
bqWnäv 3 hmIy-hn-Nm-c-̄ nsâ {]m[m-\yw, LS-\m-ßI kao-]-\w, cN-\m- -́cW, {]P-\Ihym-I-
cWw bqWnäv 4 hyàn-`m-j, `mjm-t -̀Zw, am\-I-`m-j, `mjm-t`Z`q]-Sw, ka-`mjmkoamwitcJ,tI{µtaJe,AhinjvStaJe,kw{IaWtaJe bqWnäv 5 kmaq-lnI`mjm-im-kv{Xw,hwiob`mjmimkv{Xw, at\m`mjmimkv{Xw, \yqtdm `mjmimkv{Xw, sImánäyohv `mjmimkv{Xw,I¼yqt«jWÂ `mjmimkv{Xw, IpSpw_hr-
£-kn-²m-́ w, `mjmt£{Xw, Xcw-K-kn-²m´w,_lp-Im-enI`mjm-im-kv{Xw, `mjm-]-cn-WmacoXn-IÄ, `mjm]cn-Wm-a-tl-Xp-¡Ä
klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä B[p\nI`mjmimkv{Xw tUm.-sI.-Fw. {]`m-IchmcyÀ kz\-hn-Úm\w tUm: hn.-BÀ. {]t_m-[-N-{µ³ \mbÀ kz\nahnÚm\w tUm: sI.Fw. {]`m-I-c-hmcyÀ `mjm-imkv{Xw tUm.-sI.-tPm-bvt¸mÄ
`mjm-t -̀Z-hn-Úm\w Djm\¼q-Xn-cn-̧ mSv hmIy-L-S\ C.-hn.-F³. \¼q-Xn-cn- t\mw tNmwkvIn tUm: Sn.-_n. thWp-tKm-]m-e-̧ -Wn-¡À `mjm-K-th-jWw tUm: sI. Ip©p-®n-cmP en]n-I-fpsS DÂ]¯n sI.-F. Peo `mj-mimkv{X {]th-inI C.-hn.-F³. \¼q-Xncn
Introduction to the study of language Bloom Field
A Course in modern linguistics C.F. Hockett
A History of linguistics R.H. Robbins
General linguistics: An introductory Survey R.H. Robbins
An Introduction to discriptive linguistics Gloason H.A.
Introductory linguistics Robert A. Hall
Linguistics David Crystal
Introduction to theoretical Linguistics B. Lyons
Language and Social Context Pier Palo Gigololi
ska-ÌÀ 2
MAL 2C 005 hymI-cWw
(Grammar)
17
s{IUnäv 5 A[ym-]nI tUm. doP hn. tIcf]mWn-\o-bs¯ ASn-Øm\{KÙ-am¡n thWw Cu tImgvkv ]Tn-¡p-hm³. ae-bmf`mj-bpsS Gähpw B[n-Im-cn-I-amb hymI-cW {KÙ-amWv tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-bw. 1896-þ tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-¯nsâ H¶mw]Xn¸pw kaqew ]cn-jv¡-cn¨ c−mw-]-Xn¸v 1917-þepw {]Im-i\w sN¿p-I-bp-−m-bn. Cu ]cn-jv¡-cn¨ ]Xn-̧ ns\/BK-anIhymI-cW {KÙs¯ ASn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bmWv ]mTy]-²Xn X¿-dm-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXv. H¸w tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-̄ n\v ap¼pw ]n¼pw D−mb hymI-cW {KÙ-§-sf-¡p-dn v̈ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ kmam-\y-Úm\w t\Sn-bn-cn-¡-Ww. klm-bI{KÙ-§fpw tImgvkp-ambn _Ô-s¸« aäv IrXn-Ifpw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ hmbn v̈ sse{_dn dnt¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw Ah AXXv Syq«Àamsc ImWn¨v hne-bn-cp-¯nb tijw skan-\m-dp-IÄ/NÀ¨-IÄ F¶nh kwL-Sn-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw thWw. bqWnäv 1 hnhcWmßIhymIcWw,\nÀt±imßIhymIcWw,BKanIhymIcWw,B`yqlnIhymIcWw F¶nh hniZam¡pI.hÀ®w, A£-cw, en]n-þ-hÀ® hn`m-Kw, hÀt®m-ev]-¯n, [z\n-t -̀tZm-]m-[n-IÄ-þ-C-t¸m-gs¯ A£-c-am-e, hÀ®-hn-Im-c-§Ä-þ-k-Ôn-þ-eo-em-Xn-e-Ihpw tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-bhpw - XmcXay hni-I-e-\w. eoemXneI kÔnIÄ Xangnsâ ]IÀt¸m? mKaw {ipXn am[pcymÀ°tam? bqWnäv 2 hmN-Iw, tZymX-Iw-þ-\m-aw, IrXn, t`Z-Iw-þ-\n-]m-Xw, Ahy-bw-þ-K-Xn, LS-Iw, hymt£-]-Iw, tIh-ewþkÀÆ\ma-§Ä-þ-hym-t£-]Iw Ahy-b-amtWm? t`ZIw hn`mKw Iev]n-t¡-−-Xpt−m? \ma-hn-ti-j-W-§fpw {Inbm-hn-ti-j-W-§fpw Dt−m? bqWnäv 3 enwKw, hN-\w, hn -̀àn, hn -̀àym-`m-kw, Imc-Iw, X²n-Xw, "Aw' AwK-{]-Xy-btam enwK-{]-Xy-btam?- \nKoÀ®-IÀXrI-Xzw-þ-IÀ -̄cn-{]-tbm-Kw, IÀ½Wn {]tbm-Kw bqWnäv 4 Imew, {]Im-cw, {]tbm-Kw, XpS-§n-b-hbpsS hni-I-e-\hpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-hpw, `qX-Ime{]Xy-b-̄ nsâ k¦oÀ®-X-þ-hÀ -̄am-\-Ime{]Xy-b-¯nsâ Ncn-{Xw-þ-Ime{]Xy-b-§fpsS BK-aw- bqWnäv 5 -\m-a-[m-Xp-¡Ä, Jne-[m-Xp-¡Ä, A\p-{]-tbm-Kw, AwK-{In-b, kam-kw, hnhÀ¯\{]{Inb,hmIyLS\,hn[nhnizmkw,\ntj[hmIyw d^-d³kv 1. tIc-f]mWn-\obw G.-BÀ.-cm-P-cm-P-hÀ½ 2. eoem-Xn-eIw 3. ae-bm-×-bpsS hymI-cWw tPmÀÖv am¯³ 4. ae-bmf`mjm hymI-cWw Kp−À«v 5. tIc-f-]m-Wn-\ob`mjyw kn.FÂ.-BâWn 6. hymI-cWan{Xw tij-Kncn {]`p 7. {Zmhn-U-`mjm imkv{X-]-T-\-§Ä tUm.-sI.-Fw.-{]-̀ m-Ic hmcyÀ
18
8. ]qÀÆ tIc-f-`mj tUm.sI.Fw. -{]-`m-Ic hmcyÀ 9. tIc-f-`mjmhnÚm-\obw tUm.-sI.-tKm-Z-hÀ½ 10. A comparative Grammar of the Dravidian
or South Indian Family of Languages R.Caldwell 11. The Principles of Sub Grouping
and their applicaiton in Dravidian P.S.Subramanian 12. Evaluation of Malayalam Morphology L.V.Rama Swamy Iyer
13. History of Grammatical Theories in
Malayalam Dr.K.N.Ezhuthachan
ska-ÌÀ 2 MAL 2C 006 \thm-°m-\ kmlnXyw
(Renaissance Literature)
s{IUnäv 5 A[ym-]-I³ tUm. inh-Zm-kv. sI.-sI. \thm-°m-\-km-ln-Xyhpw B[p-\n-I-Xbpw tNÀ¶p- h-cp-¶p-sh-¦nepw \thm-°m-\-km-ln-Xys¯ thÀXn-cn¨v hni-I-e\w sNt¿-−Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. kmln-Xy-̄ n-ep-−mb Hcp ]cn-hÀ¯\Zi-bmWv \thm-°m-\-km-lnXyw apt¶m-«p-h-bv¡p-¶-Xv. {]Xy-£-am-bp-−mb Cu amäs¯ hnaÀi-\-Zrãym hne-bn-cp-̄ m\pw IrXn-IÄ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sm\pw tImgvkv e£y-an-Sp-¶p. NÀ -̈Ifpw kwhm-Z-§fpw \S¯n sse{_dn dn¡mÀUp-IÄ AXXv Syq«Àamsc ImWn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. bqWnäv 1: IhnX 1. [Àa-Km\w ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-̧ ³ 2. tIma-̧ ³ Ip−qÀ \mcm-bW tat\m³ 3. t{]a-kw-KoXw DÅqÀ 4. Fsâ Kpcp-\m-Y³ hÅ-t¯mÄ 5. ]YnIsâ ]m«v Pn. i¦-c-¡p-dp v̧ 6. agp-hnsâ IY _mem-a-Wn-b½ bqWnäv 2: sNdp-IY 1. ZzmcI th§-bn Ipªn-cm-a³ \mb-\mÀ 2. Hcp cm{Xn tIi-h-tZhv 3. H«Iw Fkv.-sI. s]mä-¡mSv
19
4. s]¬_p²n kc-kz-Xn-b½ 5. DXp¸msâ InWÀ ImcqÀ bqWn-äv-þ3: t\mh 1. Cµp-teJ H. N´p-ta-t\m³ 2. cma-cm-Pm-_-l-ZqÀ kn.-hn. cma³]nÅ 3. âp¸q-̧ m¡v Hcmt\-−mÀ¶v _joÀ 4. c−n-S-§gn XIgn 5. kpµ-cn-Ifpw kpµ-c-·mcpw Ddq_v bqWnäv 4: \mSIw 1. I_oÀZmkNcnXw hnZzm³ ]n. tIfp-\m-bÀ 2. ASp-¡-f-bnÂ\n¶v Ac-§-t¯¡v hn.Sn. `«-Xn-cn-̧ mSv 3. ]m«-_m¡n sI. Zmtam-Z-c³ 4. Iq«pIrjn CStÈcn 5. shfn¨w hnf-¡-t\z-jn-¡p¶p sI.-Sn. apl-½Zv bqWnäv 5: Bß-IY 1. Fsâ \mSp-I-S-̄  kztZ-im-̀ n-am\n sI. cma-Ir-jvW- ¸nÅ 2. Ign-ª-Imew sI.-]n. tIi-h-ta-t\m³ 3. Pohn-X-̧ mX sNdp-ImSv 4. Fsâ hgn-̄ n-cnhv s]m³Ip-¶w-hÀ¡n 5. ASp-¡-f-bnÂ\n¶pw ]mÀe-saân-te¡v `mcXn DZ-b-̀ m\p klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä 1. ssIc-fn-bpsS IY F³. IrjvW-]nÅ 2. ae-bmf t\mh kmlnXyNcn{Xw s{]m^. sI.-Fw. Xc-I³ 3. sNdp-IY C¶se C¶v Fw. ANyp-X³ 4. ae-bmf IhnXmkmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw Fw. eoem-hXn 5. alm-Imhy {]Øm\w Sn.-]n. _me-Ir-jvW³ \mbÀ 6. JWvU-Im-hy-{]-Øm-\w Fw.-]n. ]Wn-¡À 7. ssZh-\o-Xn¡p Zm£n-Wy-anà tUm: sI. `mkvI-c³ \mbÀ 8. N´p-ta-t\m³ Hcp ]T\w ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW³ 9. hmb-\-bpsS ]pXnb Zni-IÄ Hcp kwLw teJ-IÀ 10. A\-iz-c-\mb Ddq_v s{]m^: sI.-Fw. Xc-I³ 11. \mS-I-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw Pn. i¦-c-̧ nÅ 12. \mS-I-ZÀ¸Ww F³.-F³. ]nÅ 13. ae-bm-f\mS-I§fn-eqsS Im«p-amSw \mcm-b-W³ 14. {]Xn-]m{Xw `mj-W-t`Zw F³. IrjvW-]nÅ 15. Pn.-bpsS Imhy-km-[\ Un. _©-an³ 16. B[p-\nIkmlnXyw Fkv. Kp]vX³ \mbÀ 17. Dbcp¶ bh-\nI kn.-sP. tXmakv 18. Bß-IYmkmlnXyw ae-bm-f-̄ n tUm: hnP-bm-ebw P-b-Ip-amÀ 19. ae-bmfkmln-Xy-Nn-cn{Xw ]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ 20.\mS-I-̄ n-te-s¡mcp \S-̧ mX F.-]n.-]n. \¼q-Xncn
20
SEMESTER II
MAL 2C 007 SANSKRIT -I
KAVYA AND APPLIED GRAMMAR
CREDITS - 5
UNIT I & II - RAGHUVAMSAM VI th SARGA OF KALIDASA
UNIT III - DECLENSION OF THE SABDAS ‘ASMAD, YUSMAD, MATR, PITR,
GURU ,RAJAN, BALA’
UNIT IV - CONJUGATION OF DHATUS ‘GAM, KR, VAND, BHU
(LAT, LIT, LRT, LANG)
UNIT V - DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF POETRY GRAMMAR BASED ON THE
TEXTS (SANDHI, VIGRAHA, ETC.)
REFERENCES
1. RAGHUVAMSA OF KALIDASA
2. SIDDHARUPAM
3 . LAGHUSIDHANTAKAUMUDI- BALAHITAISHINI VYAKHYANAM-
PROF. R VASUDEVAN POTTI
4. DHATUMANJARI
5. SHABDAMANJARI
6. VADAKKUMKOORINTE KERALIYA SAMSKRITA SAHITYA
CHARITHRAM
7. KALIDASAN ORU PADANAM- DR. SUDHAMSU CHATURVEDI
8. KALIDASA VAIKHARI- DR. INDIRA BALACHANDRAN
9. KALIDASA KRITHIKAL- SAMPURNAM
SEMESTER III
MAL 3 C 008 SANSKRIT -II
DRAMA COMMUNICATIVE SANSKRIT GRAMMAR AND TRASLATION
21
CREDITS - 5
UNIT I - MADHYAMA VYAYOGA OF BHASA
UNIT II - SUTRAS OF PANINI - ºÉÖÎ{iÉRÂóxiÉÆ {Énù¨ÉÂ, +nù¶ÉÇxÉÆ
±ÉÉä{É& ¦´ÉÉnùªÉÉä vÉÉiÉ´É&, EÞòkÉÊrùiɺɨÉɺÉɶSÉ,
EòiÉÖÇÇ®úÒÎ{ºÉiÉiɨÉÆ Eò¨ÉÇ
UNIT III - TRANSLATION
UNIT IV - DEFINITION OF DRAMA AND DIVISIONS OF ROOPAKA
UNIT V - APPLIED GRAMMAR
REFERENCES
1. MADHYAMA VYAYOGA OF BHASA
2. LAGHUSIDDHANTA KAUMUDI OF SREE VARADHA RAJACHARYA
3 . EXERCISE IN SANSKRIT TRANSLATION - T K RAMAKRISHNA AIYAR
4. SAHITYADARPANA OF VISWANATHA
5. BHASANATAKCHAKRA
6. SAMSKRIT ASAHITYAVIMARSANAM OF DR.N V P UNITHIRI
7. SAMSKRIT ASAHITYACHARITHIRAM OF ELAMKULAM
KUNHAN PILLA
8. VADAKKUMKOORINTE KERALEEYA SAMSKRITA
SAYITYA CARITRAM
9. KALIDASAKRITHIKAL SAMPOORNAM
10. LAGHUSIDDANIA KAUMUDI - BALAHITAI SHINIVYAKHYANAM -
PROF.R.VASUDEVAN POTTI
22
ska-ÌÀ 3
MAL 3C 009 ]uckvXy kmlnXy kn²m-́ -§Ä
Literary Theories Eastern
s{IUn-äv-þ5 A[ym-]NI³:tUm.F.Fw.{io[c³ `mc-Xo-bamb kmlnXy kn²m- -́§-fpsS ]T-\-amWv Cu tImgvkp-sIm−v Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. tImgvkp-ambn _Ô-s¸« aäp-Ir-Xn-Ifpw klmb{KÙ-§fpw hmbn¨v hnZymÀ°n-IÄ NÀ¨-Ifpw skan-\m-dp-Ifpw \S-¯-Ww. sse{_dn sdt¡mÀUpIÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw Ah AXXv Syq«Àamsc ImWn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. bqWnäv 1 Ihn, Imhyw klr-Z-b³, Imhy-im-kv{Xw, Ae-¦mc imkv{Xw, Ihn-in-£ F¶nh kw_-Ôn¨ `mc-Xob k¦-ev]wþIm-hy-tl-Xp-¡ÄþImhy-{]-tbm-P-\w, `ma-l³, DZv -̀S³, cp{ZS³ F¶n-h-cpsS Ae-¦mckn²m-´w. B\-µ-hÀ²-\sâ ho£-W-̄ n Ae-¦m-c-§Ä¡pÅ Øm\w. KpW-§fpw coXnbpwþ`m-a-lsâ ImgvN-̧ m-SnÂ; ZWvUn-bpsS ho£-W-¯nÂ; hma-\sâ coXn kn²m-́ w, coXn-bpsS A]-N-bw-þ-a-½-Ssâ Imhy-{]-Im-i-¯nÂ. bqWnäv 2 ck-kn-²m-́ w-þ- -̀c-Xsâ ck-k-¦-ev]w-þ`m-a-l³ {]mNo\ Be-¦m-cn-I³amcp-sSbpw hma-\-sâbpw ho£-W-¯n ck-¯n\v Imhy-¯n-epÅ Øm\w. [z\n-Zr-jvSn-bn ck-¯n-\pÅ {]m[m-\yw. ck-kq{Xw hnhn[ hymJym-\-§Ä. bqWnäv 3
kvt^mSkn²m´wþ[z\nkn-²m-́ w þ i_vZ-hym-]m-c-§Ä, [z\n-bpsS e£-Ww, hn`m-K-§Ä, KpWo-`q-X-hyw-Kyw, Nn{X-Im-hyw, aln-a-̀ -«sâ A\p-am\ kn²m-´w, Ip -́Isâ- -h-t{Imàn kn²m-´w, t£ta-{µsâ -Hu-NnXy kn²m-́ w F¶n-h-bpsS kmam-\y-]-cnN-bw. bqWnäv 4 `mjm`qj-W-̄ nse Ae-¦mc{]I-c-Ww, D]-a, DÂt{]-£, cq]-Iw, DtÃ-Jw, DZm-̄ w, kz`m-thm-àn, AÀ°m- -́c-\ym-kw, ba-Iw, A{]-kvXpX{]iwk, Ae-¦m-c-§-fpsS e£-Ww, DZm-l-c-Ww, Xmc-X-ayw. hr¯-im-kv{Xw-þ-Xm-f-inev]w AYhm hr¯w Imhy-`m-j-bpsS AÀY-{]-P-\-\-ti-jn¡v klm-b-I-am-Ip-¶-sX-§s\ F¶p a\-kn-em-¡-Ww. hr¯w Hcp Ae-¦m-camsW¶ alna`«-a-X-¯nsâ HuNnXyw ]cn-Nn-́ n-¡p-I. bqWnäv 5
hr¯-a-RvP-cnsb ASn-Øm-\-am¡n Xmsg-̧ -d-bp¶ hr¯-§Ä ]Tn-¡-Ww. kwkvIrX hr¯-§Äþ C{µ-h-{P, Dt]-{µ-h-{P, ctYm-²-X, hk- -́Xn-e-Iw, amen-\n, ]©-Nm-a-cw, aµm-{Im-́ , Ipkp-a-a-RvP-cn, ]pjv]n-Xm-{K, imÀZq-e-hn-{Io-Un-Xw, {kK-²c `mjm-hr- -̄§Äþ ImI-fn, aRvP-cn, {ZpX-Im-I-fn, If-Im-©n, aWn-Im-©n, tII, \tXm-¶-X. B[p-\nI ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn hr¯hpw Xmfhpw d -̂d³kv 1. `mcXob Imhyimkv{Xw tUm.-Sn.-̀ m-kvI-c³
23
2. `mc-XobImhy-im-kv{X-kmcw thZ-_Ôp 3. kwkvIrXkmlnXy hnaÀi\w F³.hn.-]n.-D-Wn-̄ ncn 4. `mc-XobkmlnXy ZÀi\w tUm.-Nm-̄ -\m¯v ANyp-X-\p®n 5. Imhy-Nn´ tUm.-Nm-̄ -\m¯v ANyp-X-\p®n 6. coXn-ZÀi\w tUm.-Nm-̄ -\m¯v ANyp-X-\p®n 7. kmln-Xy-ao-amwkXmc-X-ay-]-cn-t{]£yw tUm.-Nm-̄ -\m¯v ANyp-X-\p®n 8. Imhy-ao-amwk sI.-kp-Ip-am-c-̧ nÅ 9. Imhy-ao-amwk ]uc-kvXyhpw ]mÝm-Xyhpw F³.-BÀ.-tKm-]n-\m-Y-]nÅ 10. C´y³ kmlnXy kn²m-́ -§Ä {]k-ànbpw km[y-Xbpw A¿¸¸Wn-¡À 11. hr¯-a-RvPcn G.-BÀ.-cm-P-cm-P-hÀ½ 12. `mjm-̀ q-jWw G.-BÀ.-cm-P-cm-P-hÀ½ 13. kmlnXy `q-jWw Ip«n-IrjvW amcmÀ 14. Imhy-]o-TnI ap−-tÈcn 15. B[p-\nI ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse kv{Xo]£ kao-]-\-§Ä KoX 16.s{]m^.]n.cmasâ {]_豈 k¼m.tUm.doP hn. 17. History of Sanskrit poetics S.K.De
18. An Introduction to Indian poetics Ed: V.Raghavan and Narendran
ska-ÌÀ 3
MAL 3C 010
Literary TheoriesWestern
]mÝmXykmlnXykn²m´§Ä]mÝmXykmlnXykn²m´§Ä]mÝmXykmlnXykn²m´§Ä]mÝmXykmlnXykn²m´§Ä ]mÝmXykmlnXykn²m´§fn hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡v th−{X AhKmlw D−m¡pI F¶XmWv Cu tImgvknsâ e£yw. skan\mdpIÄ, Assk³saâpIÄ, sse{_dnt\m«pIÄ F¶nh X¿mdm¡n AXXp Syq«Àamsc ImWn¨v Xncp¯pI, NÀ¨bpw kwhmZ§fpw kwLSn¸n¡pI {IUnäv 5 A[ym]nI: tUm. doP hn bqWnäv 1 t¹täm þ BibhmZw þ A\pIcWhmZw þ Imhy{]tNmZ\ hmZw þ AcntÌm«n þ t]mbänIvkv þ BibhmZw þ t¹tämbv¡pÅ adp]Sn þ anssaknkv þ kw`hyX þ IhnX, {SmPUn þ \nÀhN\w þ jUvLSI§Ä þ CXnhr¯w þ ]m{XNn{XoIcWw þ Nn´ þ ]Zhn\ymkw þ Km\am[pcn þ Zriyw þ tImaUn bqWnäv 2
24
temwKn\kv þ DZm¯X þ \nÀhN\w þ DZm¯Xsb \nÀ®bn¡p¶ LSI§Ä þ bYmÀ°amb DZm¯X þ Nn´ þ hnImcw þ Dàn sshNn{Xyw þ kwcN\ þ BZys¯ Imev]\nI³ þ Zmt´ þ Imhy`mjsb¡pdn¨pÅ ImgvNm¸mSv. \ntbm¢mkn¡Â hnaÀi\w þ _mtezm, ss{UU³, AUnk³ þ AeIvkm−À t]m¸v þ tUm.tPm¬k¬ bqWnäv 3 t{Imt¨ þ A´ÀÚm\w þ {Zhw þ BhnjvIcWw þ Imev]\nIX þ thÀUvkvhÀ¯v þ tImfdnUvPv þ Imhy`mj, `mh\bpw at\m[À½hpw þ Imev]\nIXbpsS A]Nbw þ amXyp AÀt\mÄUv þ \nItjm]e kn²m´w þ Ie Iebv¡p th−n þ hmÄ«À t]äÀ bqWnäv 4 entbm tSmÄtÌmbv þ t{^mbnUnb³ a\ximkv{Xw þ kn Pn bp§v þ AkvXnXzhmZw þ B[p\nI hnaÀi\w þ Nn¡mtKm {In«n¡pIÄ þ Sn Fkv Fenb«v þ sF F dn¨mÀUvkv bqWnäv 5 ssÌenÌnIvkv þ djy³ t^mÀaenkw þ LS\mhmZw þ amÀIvknkw þ A]\nÀ½mWw þ kv{XohmZ hnaÀi\w þ ZenXv hnaÀi\w þ ]mcnØnXnI hnaÀi\w þ {]hmkw þ IzoÀ Xnbdn þ d^d³kv ]mÝmXykmlnXy ZÀi\w þ s{]m^. Fw ANypX³ bh\ ImhyX¯z§Ä þ thZ_Ôp hnizkmlnXyZÀi\§Ä þ s\Ãn¡Â apcfo[c³ ]mÝmXy kmlnXy X¯zimkv{Xw þ sI Fw XcI³ Imev]\nIX þ lrZbIpamcn ]mÝmXy kmlnXy kn²m´w hmeyw H¶v cNbnXmhv þ k¼m: \ujmZv Fkv, Un hn A\nÂIpamÀ {]hmk]T\§Ä þtUm.hn .tim`
1. Aesthetics Benedetto Chroche
2. A History of Modern Criticism – Vol IV – Renewelleck
3. Principles of Literary Criticism – I A Richards
4. Aesthetics Poetics – Humpry House
5. Selected Essays – T S Elliot
6. Twentieth Century Literary Criticism Major Statements – Ed. Hardy & West
7. Literary Criticism – Wimsat & Brooks
8. Existencialism – Tr. Bernard Ferchman
ska-ÌÀ 4
MAL 4C 011 tIcfkwkvImcw
25
s{IUnäv:5 A[ym-]nI tUm. doP. hn. ae-bmf `mj-bpsSbpw kmln-Xy-¯n-sâbpw ]T-\-¯n tIcfkwkv¡m-c-s -̄¡p-dn-¨pÅ Úm\w Hgn¨p IqSm-\m-hm-¯-XmWv. ]c-¼-cm-KX Ncn-{X-]-T\ coXn-I-fn \n¶v hyXy-kvX-ambn kwkv¡m-c-¯nsâ hyXykvX AS-cp-I-sfbpw _lp-e-X-Isfbpw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ DX-Ip¶ coXn-bn-emWv tIcf kwkvImc ]T\w hn`m-h\w sN¿p-¶-Xv. kwkv¡m-cs¯ t\m¡n-Im-Wp-¶-Xn-\pÅ hn`n¶ coXn imkv{X-§Ä hnZymÀ°n-IÄ Adn-tb-−-Xp-−v. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb Xc-̄ n ]T-\-bm-{X-IÄ, ^nenw {]ZÀi-\-§Ä F¶n-hbpw \S-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. bqWnäv 1 tIcf kwkv¡mc]T\hpw Ncn{X]T\hpw.Ncn{X cN\bpsS D]mZm\kma{KnIÄ. D]mZm\§fpsS ]p\À\nÀ®bhpw kwkvImc Nn´Ifpw. {]mNo\ XangIwþ XnWk¦ev]wþ]g´angv ]m«pIfnse PohnX ASbmf§Ä. alminemkwkvImcwþ \¶§mSnIÄþ]«Ww DXvJ\\¯nsâ ]mXnb kqN\IÄþ\mKcnIXbpsS ]pXnb \nco£W§Ä bqWnäv 2 tIcf¯nsâ aXkwkvImchpw kmaqlnI CSs]SepIfpw _p²þssP\aX§Ä, {InkvXpaXwþCÉmwaXw, kq^nkw. BcyhXvIcWhpw t£{XtI{µnX `cW kwhn[m\hpw. t£{Xkt¦X§Äþ imeIÄþ t£{XIeIÄþ tZhZmkn k{¼Zmbw. aWn{]hmf `mjþ`àn{]Øm\wþP·n k{¼Zmbhpw PmXnhyhØbpw. bqWnäv 3 A[n\nthi§ÄþU¨pImÀþt]mÀ¨pKokpImÀ,{^©vþ{_n«ojp`cWwþssakqÀ B{IaW¯nsâ A\´c ^e§Ä. \m«pcmPy§fpsS inYnemhØ. ]gÈn kac§Ä PmXnbpw kmaqlyþkm¼¯nI hym]\hpw. aebmf`mjbpsS PmXnbpw kmaqlyþkm¼¯nI hym]\hpw aebmf`mjbpsS cq]oIcWw. kmt¦XnI hnÚm\ taJebnepÅ hfÀ¨. bqWnäv 4 \thm°m\wþ{]Øm\§Äþ\mbI·mÀ.]ptcKa\ {]Øm\wþ kmlnXyw, kaqlw, ImÀjnIþsXmgnemfn {]Øm\§Ä I½ypWnÌv Bib§fpsS {]Nmcw. CSXp]£ {]Øm\§Ä A¨Snbpw ]mÝmXyhnZym`ymkhpw. `q\nba§fnse amäw kmaqlnIhpw km¼¯nIhpamb amäw. PmXn_Ô§fn h¶ ]cnhÀ¯\w. ssh¡wþKpcphmbqÀ kXym{Kl§Äþt£{X {]thi\ hnfw_cw. bqWnäv 5 sImtfmWnb B[p\nIXþs]mXphnZym`ymk¯n h¶ ]ptcmKXn. {_n«ojv `cW¯nsâ A\´c^e§ÄþcmP`cW¯nsâ HSp¡hpw P\m[n]Xy`cW¯nsâ XpS¡hpwþhbemÀþ]p¶{]kac§ÄþkzmX{´ym\´c tIcfw. tIm¬{KÊpw tZiob{]Øm\§fpw þ hmÀ¯mhn\nab kwhn[m\wþ]{Xwþaäp am[ya§Äþ BZya{´nk`þhntamN\kacwþtIcf¯nse XpSÀ P\Iob a{´nk`IÄ klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä 1. tIc-f-N-cn{Xw hmfyw 1, 2, 3 tIcf lnÌdn Atkm-kn-tb-j³ 2. tIcfNcn{Xw cmP³Kp-cp-¡Ä, cmLh hmcn-bÀ 3. P·n k{¼-Zmbw tIc-f-¯n CfwIpfw Ipª³]nÅ 4. Nne tIcfNcn{X {]iv\-§Ä Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³]nÅ 5. A¶s¯ tIcfw Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³]nÅ 6. tIc-f¯nsâ C¶-se-IÄ sI.-F³.KtWjv 7. tIc-f-N-cn{Xw F.-{io-[c tat\m³
26
8. tIcf kwkv¡mcw F.-{io-[c tat\m³ 9. tIcfw ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS amXr-`qan C.-Fw.-Fkv 10. PmXn-hy-h-Øn-Xnbpw tIc-f-N-cn-{Xhpw ]n.-sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ 11. tIc-f-¯nsâ kmwkv¡m-cn-I-N-cn{Xw ]n.-sI.-tKm-]m-e-Ir-jvW³ 12. tIm¬{KÊpw tIc-fhpw F.-sI.-]n-ff 13. tIc-f-¯nse kmaq-lnI \thm-°m-\hpw kmln-Xyhpw tUm.-F³.kmw 14. \½psS kmln-Xyw, \½psS kaqlw FUn.-Fw.-F³.-hn-P-b³ 15. sIm¨n-cmPy Ncn{Xw sI.-]n.-]-ß-\m- -̀ta-t\m³ 16. tIcfNcn-{X-\n-L-−p Fkv.-sI.-h-k-́ ³ 17. ae-_m-dnse A[ym-]-I- {]Øm\w hÅ-t¯mÄ Ipam-cta-t\m³ 18. tIc-f-¯nse IÀjIka-c-§Ä sI.-sI.-F³.-Ip-dp¸v 19. tIc-f-¯nse tIm¬{KÊv {]Øm\w sI.-F³.-\m-bÀ 20. tIcf kwkv¡m-cw: AIhpw ]pdhpw tUm.-F³.-Fw.-\-¼q-Xncn
ska-ÌÀ-þ4 MAL 4C 012
hnhÀ¯\w: kn²m-́ hpw {]tbm-Khpw
(Translation: Theory and Practice)
s{IUnäv 5 A[ym-]-I³ tUm. F.-Fw. {io[-c³ hnhÀ¯-\-̄ nsâ ssk²m-́ nIXe-§Ä ]cn-N-b-s -̧Sp-¶-Xn-t\m-sSm¸w hnhn[ tZi-§-fnse kmlnXy IrXn-IÄ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\v hnhÀ¯\w {]tbm-K-ti-jn-bn hcp-̄ p-I-bp-amWv Cu t]¸À e£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv. ae-bm-f-̄ n \n¶v Cw¥o-jn-te¡pw Xncn¨pw DÅ hnhÀ¯-\-̄ n-eqsS {]mtbm-Kn-I-Úm\w t\SpI F¶p kmcw. tImgvkp-ambn _Ô-s¸« klm-bI-{K-Ù-§fpw aäv hnhÀ¯-\-Ir-Xn-Ifpw hmbn¨v sse{_dn sdt¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm¡n AXXv Syq«Àamsc ImWn v̈ hne-bn-cp-¯nb tijw NÀ -̈IÄ, skan-\m-dp-IÄ F¶nh kwL-Sn-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw thWw. bqWnäv 1 hnhÀ¯-\-̄ nsâ kmwKXyw þ hnhÀ¯-\hpw `mjmhyXn-tcI ]T-\hpw kwkvIm-c-̄ nepw AÀYkwhn-[m\¯n\p-apÅ hyXym-kwþhnhÀ¯-\w-þ-im-kv{Xw-þ-I-e-þ-Iu-iew `mj-IÄ X½nÂ, `mj-bv¡-I¯v `mKn-Iw, ]qÀ®w, kmI-eyw, ]cn-an-Xw, A\p-K-Xw, kzX-{´yw, ]cm-hÀ¯-\w, kÀ¤m-ß-Iw, NnÓ-hy-h-Øm-́ -cw, hymJym-\m-ß-Iw, {]Xn-hn-hÀ¯-\w, ]mT-k-a-aq-ey-X, hnhÀ¯\ka-aq-ey-X, A\p-]-Z-hn-hÀ¯-\w, hymI-cWkaq-ey-X, ssien kaaq-ey-X-þ-k-a-aq-ey-X-bpsS A`m-hw, hnhÀ¯-\obXbpsS ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ bqWnäv 2 kmlnXyhnhÀ -̄\-¯nse {]iv\-§Ä: Ihn-X, sNdp-I-Y, t\mhÂ, \mS-Iw, Xnc-¡-Y, Ch-bpsS ]cn-̀ m-j, sshÚm-\nI IrXn-I-fpsS ]cn-̀ m-j, hnhÀ¯-\-
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¯nsâ hnhn[ {]tbmKtaJ-eIÄ: `c-Ww, tImS-Xn, am[y-a-§Ä, hnZym-̀ ym-kw, apX-em-bh. hni-Z-]-T\w 1. A¡Àamin ic¬IpamÀ enw]mse hnh.- Zmtam-Z-c³ Imfn-b¯v 2. KoXm-RvPen SmtKmÀ hnh.- Pn.-i-¦-c-¡p-dp¸v (21 JWvUw hsc) 3. ]Sn-ªm-d³ Ihn-X-IÄ (BZys¯ ]s¯-®w) hnh.- k-̈ n-Zm-\-µ³ 4. CuUn-̧ kv tkmt^m-¢nkv hnh kn.-sP. tXmakv 5. kwKXn ]ma hnh:hnP-b-Ip-amÀ Ip\n-tÈcn bqWnäv 3 ae-bm-f-̄ n \n¶v Cw¥o-jn-te-¡pÅ hnhÀ¯-\-̄ n A´À`-hn-̈ n-«pÅ {]iv\-§Ä Is−-̄ Â. hni-Z-]-T\w IhnX 1. Fallen Blossom Kumaranasan Tr. Rizio Yohannan Raj (Indian literature – April – Dec 2007) 2. Tar and Broom Kadamanitta Tr. A.J. Thomas (Indian literature – March 2008) 3. For her alone Sugathakumari Tr. Dr. J. Prameela Devi 4. Oh wind Oh sea P.P Ramachandran Tr. Mini R Nair (Malayalam literary survey 2009 Jan-June) sNdp-IY 1. Neypayasam Madhavikutty Tr. Geetha Namboodiripad (Malayalam Literary
survey – 2010 April)
2. Family or Friends Sethu Tr. Dhanya Menon (Malayalam Literary survey
– 2003 July)
3. Avemaria K.R. Meera Tr. J. Devika (Malayalam Literary
Survey– 2003 July) t\mh 1.God of Small things Arundhathi Roy Priya A .S
bqWnäv 4 Cw¥o-jn \n¶v ae-bm-f-̄ n-te¡v hnhÀ¯\w sN¿p-t¼m-gpÅ {]iv\-§Ä hni-Z-]-T\w 1. Xcn-ip-\new Fen-b«v hnh.- A-¿-̧ -]-Wn-¡À 2. ]mh§Ä hnh. \me-̧ m«v \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m³ 3. ^n^vXv au−³ ]utem sImbvtem hnh.- cam tat\m³ 4. cm¸m-Sn-tbmSv Ioävkv hnh.- kp-K-X-Ip-amcn bqWnäv 5
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{]mtbmKnI]cnioe\w þ ]Zyw,KZyw ,ssienIÄ,]gs©mÃpIÄ,kmt¦XnI ]Z§ÄF¶nh
Cw¥ojnÂ\n¶v aebmf¯nte¡pw Xncn¨pw hnhÀ¯\w sN¿p¶Xn\pÅ ]cnioe\w \ÂIpI klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä 1. hnhÀ¯\w ]e teJ-IÀ (tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v) 2. hnhÀ -̄\-¯nsâ `mjm-imkv{X `qanI tUm: hn.-BÀ. {]t_m-[-N-{µ³ \mbÀ 3. hnhÀ¯\ Nn´-IÄ FUn:tUm:hn.-BÀ.{]t_m-[-N-{µ³ \mbÀ 4. hnhÀ¯\w kn²m-́ hpw {]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-̄ n FUn: Pbm kpIp-am-c³, tUm: kvIdnb k¡-dn.b 5. `mjbpw `mjm- -́c-Whpw tUm: sI.-F. tImin 6. kmln-Xym-Zm\w tUm: sI.-Fw. tPmÀPv 7. ae-bm-fnbpw ]cn-`m-jbpwþB-tem-N\ Fw.-F³. Imc-tÈcn 8. hnhÀ¯\hnNn-́ \w tUm: BÀkp 9. N§-¼p-g, tIk-cn _me-Ir-jvW-]nÅ F¶n-hÀ hnhn[ hnhÀ -̄\-§Äs¡-gp-Xnb Bap-J-§Ä 10. ae-bmf `mjmkmlnXy ]T-\-§Ä sdmWmÄUv C. BjÀ 11. kwkvIm-chpw hnhÀ -̄\hpw FUn. tUm. F.-Fw. {io[-c³ 12. Xcn-ip-\n-e-̄ nse Imhyk©m-cn-IÄ tUm.Sn.-sI.-k-t´mjv IpamÀ
13. The Art of translation Theodore Savery
14. A linguistic theory of translation J.C. Catford
15. The theory and practice of translate taber Eugene A Nida and Charles R.
16. Towards a science of translation E.A. Nida
17. Translating: Ian F. Finlay
18. Translation studies Susan Bassnett
19. Translation as discovery Sujith Mukharji
20. Approaches to translation Newmark Peter
21. Translation, Application and Reserch R.W. Brislin
22. Literature and Translation James Holmes
ska-ÌÀ 4
MAL 4C 013 ae-bmfkmlnXy hnaÀi\w
(Malayalam Literary Criticism)
s{IUnäv:5 A[ym-]-I³ tUm. inh-Zm-kv. sI.-sI. ae-bmf kmlnXy hnaÀi-\-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hnIm-kw, AXn-\n-S-bm-¡nb [nj-Wm-]-c-amb CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ F¶nh ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡pI F¶-XmWv Cu tImgvkn-sâ Dt±-iyw. ]mTy-`m-K-§Ä bqWn-äp-I-fn-eqsS \nÀt±-in-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-p. aäv \ncq-]-I-cpsS IrXn-Ifpw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ Adn-ªn-cn-t¡-−-Xp-−v. ]T-\-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä, A-\p-_Ô IrXn-IÄ F¶nh hmbn v̈ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ sse{_dn dn¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw
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Syq«Àamsc ImWn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. X§Ä \S-̄ nb \ncq-]-W-§Ä ¢mkn Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡m\pw \ncq-]-Isc £Wn¨p hcp¯n kwhmZw \S-̄ m\pw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ X¿m-dm-I-Ww. bqWnäv 1 hnaÀi\w: {]mcw- -̀L«w ae-bm-f-¯nse KZy-km-ln-Xy-̄ nsâ hfÀ¨-þ-]-{X-{]-hÀ -̄\hpw kmlnXy hnaÀi-\hpw tIc-f-hÀ½ henb tImbn- -̄¼p-cm³, kn.-]n.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m³, kztZ-im-̀ n-am\n sI.-cm-a-Ir-jvW-]n-Å, kn.-A-´¸mbn, s\Snbw ho«n _me-Ir-jvW-ta-t\m³, G.-BÀ.-cm-P-cm-P-hÀ½ XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ. hni-Z-]-T\w kn.-]n.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m³ at\m-cam hnPbw G.-BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ -\-fn-\n-bpsS Ah-Xm-cnI bqWnäv 2 \ncq-]-W-¯nsâ hnImkwþhnhn[ am\-§Ä 1. kmlnXy ]©m-\-\sâ ka-{K-]-T-\-§Ä 2. Bim³, DÅqÀ, hÅ-t¯mÄ F¶n-h-cpsS \ncq-]Ww 3. tIk-cn, Fw.-]n.-t]mÄ, ap−-tÈcn, amcmÀ F¶n-h-cpsS \ncq-]-W-§Ä hni-Z-]-T\w: ap−-tÈcn: ktµiw AsXm-t¶-bp-Åq, tIkcn: N§-¼p-g-bpsS XXz-im-kv{Xw, Fw.-]n.-t]mÄ: _meyIme kJn-bpsS Ah-Xm-cn-I, amcmÀ: hmÂao-In-bpsS cma³ bqWnäv 3 hnaÀi\w ssk²m-´nI Xe-¯n Ipän-̧ p-g, sI.-`m-kv¡-c³ \mbÀ, ]n.-sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³, sI.-F³.-F-gp-̄ -ѳ, F³.-hn.-IrjvW hmcn-bÀ, kpIp-amÀ Agn-t¡mSv XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS hnaÀi-\-§-fpsS ]T-\w. hni-Z-]-T\w Ago-t¡mSv: hyàn {]`mh kn²m´w kmln-Xy-̄ n sI.-`m-kv¡-c³\mbÀ ssZh-\o-Xn¡v Zm£n-Wy-anà (A-[ymbw 2) Ipän-̧ pg: hÅ-t¯m-fnsâ {KÙ-hn-lmcw (sX-csªSp¯ {]_-Ô-§Ä) sI.-F³.-F-gp-¯-ѳ: anÌn-knkw F³.-hn.-Ir-jvW-hm-cn-bÀ: ssieo-hn-Úm-\-]-c-amb hnaÀi\w (F³.-hn-bpsS kmln-Xy-hn-aÀi-\w) bqWnäv 4 B[p-\n-I-Xbpw ae-bmf kmlnXy \ncq-]-W-hpw. AkvXn-Xz-hm-Zw, amÀIvkn-kw, a\:imkv{Xw XpS-§nb \ncq-]W ]²-Xn-IÄ ae-bmf hnaÀi-\-¯n \S-¯nb ssk²m-´nI CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ Cu bqWn-än ka-{K-]-T-\-¯n\v hnt[-b-am-¡p-¶p. k¨n-Zm-\-µ³, _n.-cm-Po-h³, Fw.-F³.-hn-P-b³, Fw.-eo-em-h-Xn, Fw.-]n.-i-¦p®n \mbÀ, sI.-]n.-A-¸³, hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvW³, \tc{µ {]kmZv XpS-§n-b-hÀ ae-bmf \ncq-]-W-¯n\v \ÂInb kw`m-h-\-IÄ ]T\ hnt[-b-am-¡-Ww. amÀIvknkw a\x-im-kv{Xw, XpS-§nb hnaÀi\ ]²-Xn-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hnIm-khpw sshhn-[yhpw ]T\ ]cn-[n-bnÂs¸-Sp-¶p. hni-Z-]-T\w 1. Fw.-]n.-i-¦p-®n-\m-bÀ ]qX-̧ m-«v(Imhyhyp¸¯n)
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2. sI.-]n.-A-̧ ³ ImgvN-̧ m-Snsâ [ocX (C-¶-se-I-fnse At\z-jW ]cn-tim-[-\-IÄ) 3. Fw.-F³.-hn-P-b³ IpSn-sbm-gn-¡Â: {]Xo-I-§fpw t{]c-W-Ifpw (ioÀjm-k-\w) 4. Fw.-eo-em-hXn BZn-{]-cq] hnaÀiw (\n-cq-]-W-̄ nse Znim-t_m[w) 5. hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvW³ Agp-¡n Nmen¨ KoXmZpxJw (a-dp-Xnc Im¯p-\n-¶-t¸mÄ) 6._n.-cm-Po-h³ hn.-sI.-F³: kmln-Xy-kw-Øm-]-\-¯n\v FXnsc Hcp hn[zw-k-I-b{´w 7. k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ apSn-s -̄¿-apd-bp¶p (]m-]-¯-d-bpsS Ah-Xm-cn-I) bqWnäv 5
ae-bmf kmlnXy \ncq-]-W-̄ nsâ hÀ¯-am-\w. ka-Im-enI \ncq-]-W-[m-c-IÄ Cu bqWn-än NÀ¨ sN¿p-¶p. ]cn-ØnXn hmZw, \h-a-t\m-hn-tÇ-j-Ww, A]-\nÀ½m-Ww, \h-amÀIvkn-kw, t]mÌv sImtfm-Wn-b hnaÀiw, s^an-\nÌv hnaÀi\w, ZfnXv hnaÀi\w XpS-§nb hnaÀi\ k{¼-Zm-b-§Ä kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. ae-bm-f-̄ nse Ah-bpsS {]tbm-K-§Ä hne-bn-cp- -̄s¸-Sp-¶p. hn.-kn.-{io-P³, Bjm-ta-t\m³, ]n.-]n.-c-ho-{µ³, C.-]n.-cm-P-tKm-]m-e³, sI.-Fw.-\-tc-{µ³, sI.-sI.-_m-_p-cmPv XpS-§nb-h-cpsS hnaÀi-\-§Ä Cu bqWn-änsâ ]cn-[n-bn hcp-¶p.
hni-Z-]-T\w: 1. hn.-kn.-{io-P³ Ihn-X-bnse A§m-Sn-IÄ (cmlp-Imew) 2. Bjm-ta-t\m³ Kpcp-km-Kcw Zriyhpw kmchpw (Pohsâ Is¿m¸v) 3. ]n.-]n.-c-ho-{µ³ hÅ-t¯m-fns\ hos−-Sp-¡Â (ho-s−-Sp-̧ p-IÄ) 4. C.-]n.-cm-P-tKm-]m-e³ I-fn-bÑ\nse CÑ-IÄ (Ihn-X-bpsS {Kma-§Ä) 5. sI.-sI.-_m-_p-cmPv a³d¡\-hp-I-fnse an¨-aqey kn²m´w (a-sämcp PohnXw km²y-am-Wv) 6. Fkv.-im-c-Z-¡p«n Hcp alm-hr-£-¯nsâ [ym\-§Ä
klm-bI-{K-Ù-§Ä 1. ae-bmf kmlnXy hnaÀi\w kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv 2. ae-bmf kmlnXy \ncq-]Ww ]n.-hn.-th-em-bp-[³]nÅ 3. B[p-\n-Im-\-´c kmlnXy kao-]-\-§Ä FUn.-kn.-sP.-tPmÀÖv 4. ssIc-fn-bpsS IY F³.-Ir-jvW-]nÅ 5. sI.-]n.-A-̧ sâ sXc-sª-Sp¯ IrXn-IÄ lcnXw _pIvkv 6. ]©m-\sâ hnaÀi-\-{Xbw ]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]nÅ 7. {]kwK kw{Klw tIc-f-hÀ½ hen-b-tIm-bn- -̄¼p-cm³ 8. {]_Ô kw{Klw G.-BÀ.-cm-P-cm-P-hÀ½ 9. Bim³ hnaÀi-\-¯nsâ BZy-c-ivan-IÄ aqÀt¡m¯v Ipam-c³ 10. tIk-cn-bpsS kmln-Xy-hn-aÀi-\-§Ä F.-_m-e-Ir-jvW-]nÅ 11. kn.-]n.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\msâ kmln-Xy-hn-aÀi\w Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c³ 12. kn.-]n.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m\pw ae-bm-f-hn-aÀi-\hpw Aw_n-Im-kp-X³ am§mSv 13. ae-bm-f-km-lnXy \ncq-]Ww FUn.-]-ß\ cma-N-{µ³ \mbÀ 14. {KÙ-hn-lmcw hÅ-t¯mÄ 15. Ihn-IÄ \ncq-]-W-cw-K¯v tPmÀÖv Ccp-¼bw
31
16. \ho\ hnaÀi\w ae-bm-f-̄ n am¼pg A¸p-¡p-«³ 17. amÀIvkn-khpw Iebpw sI.-F-kv.-\m-cm-b-W-]nÅ 18. Fw.-]n.-t]m-fnsâ kmlnXy hnaÀi\w tUm.-Fw.-ap-c-fo-[-c³ 19. B[p-\n-Im-\- -́cw, hnNm-cw, hmb\ ]n.-]n.-c-ho-{µ³ 20. CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ ]n.-]n.-c-ho-{µ³ 21. Fsâ kmlnXy \ncq-]W-§Ä \tc-{µ-{]-kmZv 22. hnaÀi\w ae-bm-f-¯n FUn.-]-h-\³ 23. amÀIvkn-khpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw C.-Fw.-Fkv 24. ]cn-ØnXn kuµcy imkv{Xw tUm.-Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c³ 25. lcn-X-\n-cq-]Ww ae-bm-f-̄ n Pn.-a[pkqZ-\³ 26. ap−-tÈ-cnbpw ae-bm-f-\n-cq-]-Whpw tUm.-sI.-Fw.-tXm-akv 27. amcmÀ: hnaÀi-\-¯nse Z´-tKm-]pcw Fw.-Sn.-kp-teJ 28. D -̄cm-[p-\n-IX kn.-_n.-kp-[m-I-c³ 29. t{Im[hpw I\nhpw Fw.-{io-Ip-amÀ 30. kXyhpw anYybpw Fw.-{io-Ip-amÀ 31. BZn-{]-cq]-§Ä kmln-Xy-̄ n Fw.-eo-em-hXn 32. ]pXp-hm-b\ kn.-cm-tP-{µ³ 33. Fw.-F³.-hn-P-bsâ IrXn-IÄ FUn: F³. {]`m-I-c³ 34. Nn´-bnse cq]-I-§Ä hn.-kn. {ioP³ 35. AÀY-hmZw hn.-kn. {ioP³ 36. {]Xn-hm-Z-§Ä hn.-kn. {ioP³ 37. t\mh hmb-\-IÄ hn.-kn. {ioP³ 38. {i² sI.-Fw.-\-tc-{µ³ 39. \h at\m-hn-tÇ-jWw Sn.-{io-h-Õ³ 40. \h-N-cn-{X-hmZw Zneo]v cmPv 41. aplqÀ -̄§Ä k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ 42. kwhm-Z-§Ä kao-]-\-§Ä k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ 43. Ihn-Xbpw P\-Xbpw k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ 44. ASn- -̄«p-IÄ k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ 45. ho−p-hn-Nm-c-§Ä k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ 46. hm¡p-Ifpw hkvXp-¡fpw _n.-cm-Po-h³ 47. Z -́tKm-]p-c-¯n-te¡v ho−pw _n. cmPo-h³ 48. s]¬hn-\n-a-b-§Ä Fkv.-im-c-Z-¡p«n 49. kv{XohmZw sP. tZhnI 50. hnNmcw, hnaÀiw, hnizmkw Fkv.-im-c-Z-¡p«n
ska-ÌÀ 4 MAL 4C 014
Kth-jW {]_Ôw Project/Dessertation
s{IUnäv 5s{IUnäv 5s{IUnäv 5s{IUnäv 5
_ncp-Zm-\-́ -c-X-e-̄ n ]Tn-̧ n-̈ n-«pÅ GsX-¦nepw t]¸-dnsâ DÅ-S-¡-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp¶ Kth-j-W-km-[y-X-bpÅ Hcp hnjbw hnZymÀ°n kzbw Is−-̄ p-Ibpw
32
Un¸mÀ«v \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ A[ym-]-Is\/A[ym-]n-Isb \memw ska-ÌÀ XpS§n c−m-gvN-bv¡Iw Adn-bn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. hnZymÀ°n X¿m-dm-¡p¶ Kth-jW {]_-Ô-̄ n\v 50 t]sP-¦nepw D−m-I-Ww. IhnX/sNdp-IY/t\mhÂ/\mSIw F¶n-h-bn-teXpw sXc-sª-Sp-¡mw. (amÀ¡v 75)
{]_Ôw \memw ska-ÌÀ ]co-£bv¡v Hcm-gvN-ap¼v kaÀ¸n-̈ n-cn-¡-Ww.
hmNm-]-co-£
(Viva-Voce) t{]mPÎv/sUkÀt«-j-³ B[m-c-am-¡n-bpÅ hmNm-]-co-£
ska-ÌÀ 2
MAL 2E-001
ssk_À----: km-ln-Xyhpw kwkvI-chpw
s{IUnäv þ4
tUm.doP hn.
Bt-KmfhXvI-c-W-̄ ns³-d ka-Im-e-]-cn-k-c-̄ n hnh-c-km-t¦-XnI hnZy
sNep-̄ p¶ hn¹-h-I-c-amb amä-§Ä¡v km£yw hln-¡p¶p \mw. A\p-Zn\w amdn-
sIm-−n-cn-¡p¶ kmt¦-Xn-I-þ-hn-¹-h-§-fpsS A\p-I-c-W-§Ä XpS-§p-¶Xpw hnh-c-hn-
\na-b-§-fn-eqsS Xs¶. Ah-bn \n¶v BÀÖn-X-amb \h-y-kw-kvIm-c-̄ ns³-d cq]-
§-fmWv B[p\nI hnh-c-km-t¦-XnI D]-I-c-W-§Ä. Ah-bn \n¶v e`-y-amb hn-
Úm\]²-Xn-IÄ þ km[-y-X-IÄ ]e-Xm-Wv. kmaq-lnI hnI-k-\-̄ ns³-d kt¦-X-§-
sf-¶- \n-e-bn Ah-bvt¡sd {]m[m-\-y-ap-−v. hnh-c-km-t¦-Xn-I-X-þ-a-e-bmfw I¼-yq-«n-
§ns³-d ka-Im-enIX F¶nh a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn\pw AXv {]tbm-K-X-e-̄ n Bhn-
jvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ]Tn-Xm-¡sf {]m]vX-cm-¡pI F¶-XmWv Cu t]¸À-sIm−v Dt±-in-
¡p-¶-Xv. kne-_-Ên ]d-bp¶ klm-b-I{K-Ù-§fpw - t]¸dpambn _Ô-s¸« aäv
]pkvX-I-§fpw hnZ-ymÀ°n-IÄ hmbn v̈ sse{_dn dn¡mÀ-Up-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw
Ah AXmXv Syq-«À amsc ImWn¨v hne-bn-cp-̄ nb tijw NÀ -̈IÄ, skan-\m-dp-IÄ,
kwhm-Z-§Ä F¶nh kwL-Sn-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
bqWnäv 1bqWnäv 1bqWnäv 1bqWnäv 1
33
I¼-yq-«À-þ ASn-Øm-\-hn-h-c-§Äþae-bmfw I¼yq-«nw-Kv þ Hm¸-td-än§v knÌw hnhn-[-
Xcw tkm^vävshb-dp-IÄ- ---- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- DS-a-Ø-X, -k-zX-{´w þsUkvIvtSm¸v ]»n-jnw-Kv, ae-bmfw
tkm^väv-sh-b-dp-IÄ (In-put Tools)
ae-bmfw t^m−v-þ-ASCII, SCII bq-Wn-t¡m-Uv-þ-F³tIm-Uv-þ-F³tIm-Un-§v-þ-bq-
Wnt¡mUv t^m−p-IÄ-þ-a-e-bmfw I¼-yq-«n-§ns³-d ka-Im-en-I-apJw +OCR, Text to
speech,Speech to Text, Spell check F¶n-h-bpsS ae-bm-f-̄ nse km[-y-X-IÄ.
bqWn-äv-þ2 Cþ-km-ln-Xywþ, sh_vt]mÀ«-ep-IÄ, ae-bmfw sh_vsskäv, Hm¬sse³
hnÚm-\-tIm-i-§Ä þ hn¡n-]o-Un-b, hn¡n-{K-Ù-im-e, hn¡n-\n-L-−p, hn¡n-sNm-
Ãp-IÄ , kÀÆ-hn-Úm\tImiw sh_v-F-Un-j³, kmln-Xy-hn-j-b-I-amb sh_vssk-
äp-IÄ/t]mÀ«-ep-IÄ, Cþ-_p-¡v, Cþ-sse-{_-dn, UnkvIvIw t»mKp-IÄ F¶ Aa-NzÀ
{]kn-²o-I-cW taJ-e, "_qtemIw'(Malayalam blogosphere), knän-k¬ tPÀWenkw,
t»mKvkm-ln-Xyw.
bqWnävbqWnävbqWnävbqWnäv - 3333
ssk_Àkm-lnXywþ ssk_À imkv{X-t\m-h-ep-IÄ, ssk_À ]¦p(PUNK) -IÄ, ae-bm-f-̄ nse ssk_Àt\mh-ep-IÄ, ssk_À IYIÄ, ssk_À ]T\w, Xncsamgnbpw(Hyper text)
hmb-\bpw, bmYmÀ°yhpw {]XoXn bmYmÀ°yhpw (Virtual Reality)þ ssk_Àkz-Xzw. hniZ]T\w: 1. \r¯w þ Fw apIpµ³ 2. asämcp tUm«vtImw kÔybn þ tkXp bqWnäv -4: ae-bm-fw I¼-yq-«n§v þ {]tbm-KnI-]-cn-io-e-\w. ae-bmfw tkm^väv-sh-b-dpIsfbpw(Input tools) H¸w en]y-́ -cW(Translation)
tkm^väv-sh-b-dp-I-sfbpw ]cn-N-b-s -̧Sp-̄ p-IþbqWn-tImUv t^m−v D]-tbm-Kn v̈ Hcp
ae-bmfw ssS¸nwKv tkm^väv-sh-bÀ ssIIm-cyw sN¿m³ ]cn-io-en-̧ n-¡p-I-þ-Um-äm-
F³{Sn ]cn-io-e-\w-þ-en-]-y-́ -cW tkm^äv shb-dp-I-fmb hc-samgn, samgn- Io-am³, kz-
\-teJ F¶nh ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-̄ p-I.
bqWnävþ5 ; ae-bmfw DÅS¡ \nÀ½n-Xn-þ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w
hn¡n -]o-Unbþ A\p_Ô]cn-io-e-\w-þ-hn¡n-]o-Unbmbn teJ\§Ä
FgpXÂþ FUnäv þ t»mKv \nÀ½mWwþ t»mKnw-Kvþ hn¡n {KÙ-im-e, teJ-\-kq-Nn
þ {KÙ-ti-J-cw XpS-§n-b-h-bn DÅ-S¡w \nÀ½n-bv¡Â {]mtbm-Kn-I- ]cn-io-e\w.
34
Reference
1. C³^Àta-j³ sSIvt\m-fPn : tUm.- A-Nyp-Xvi-¦À Fkv. \mbÀ (tI-c-f-̀ mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v , 2000)
2. B temIw apX Cþ-temIw hsc : tUm.-sP.-hn. hnf-\new (tI-c-f-̀ mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v , 2000)
3. CâÀs\äpw C³^Àta-j³ hn¹-hhpw : tUm._n. CIv_mÂ, sI. cho-{µ³ (Un.-kn. _pIvkv,
tIm«bw, 1999 6þm-aXv FUn-j³)
4. C³^Àta-j³ sSIvt\m-fPn F´v, F§-s\, F´n\v? : tUm._n. CIv_mÂ, sI. cho-{µ³
(Idâ v _pIvkv, XriqÀ, 2003)
5. ssk_À ae-bmfw : FUn-äÀ : kp\oX Sn.-hn (Idâ v _pIvkv, XriqÀ, 2009)
6. `mh-\m-XoXw (a-e-bm-f-̄ nse ssk_À IY-IÄ) : tUm.-]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c³ (Un.-kn. _pIvkv,
tIm« -bw)
7. GIm´ \K-c-§Ä : tUm.-]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c³ (Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm«-bw)
8. `mhp-IXzw Ccp-]-¯n-sbm¶mw \qäm-−n : Pn. a[p-kq-Z-\³ (Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm«-bw, 2006)
9. IYbpsS _lpkzcX : FUn. tUm. doP hn
10. Cyberspace : First steps (Article) - Micheal Benedict (in 'Cyber Culture Reader' - Ed. David Bell)
Routledge, London, 2000
11. ae-bmfw hn¡n-]o-Unb (http://ml.wikipedia.org)
12. hn¡n- {KÙ-ime (http://ml.wikisource.org)
13. hn¡n- \nL−p (http://ml.wiktionary.org)
14. hn¡n- ]mT-ime (http://ml.wikibooks.org)
15. hn¡n- sNmÃp-IÄ (http://ml.wikiquotes.org)
16 . kÀÆ-hn-Úm-\-tImiw sh_v-
ska-ÌÀ 2
35
MAL 2E 002 t^mIvtemÀ
(Folklore) A[ym]I³: tUm.F.-Fw. {io[-c³
s{IUn-äv-þ4 t^mIvtem-dnsâ ssk²m-́ n-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb Xe-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v th−{X Úm\w D−m-¡pI F¶-XmWv tImgvknsâ e£yw. kÀ¤m-ßI kmlnXy IrXn-IfpsS cN\bn v t^mIvtemÀ t{]c-I-i-àn-bm-bn-̄ o-cp-¶-sX-§s\?{]mtZ-in-I-N-cn-{X-c-N-\-bn t^mt¢mdns³-d {]kàn F´v? CX-ymZn At\zj-W-§fpw Cu t]¸dns³-d e£-y-am-Wv. F§-s\-sbms¡ kne-_-kn ]d-bp¶ klm-bI {KÙ-§fpw tImgvkp-ambn _Ô-s¸« aäv ]pkvX-I-§fpw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ hmbn¨v sse{_dn dnt¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw Ah AXXv Syq«À amsc ImWn¨v hne-bn-cp-¯n-b-tijw skan-\m-dp-IÄ/NÀ¨-IÄ/kwhm-Z-§Ä F¶nh kwL-Sn-̧ n-¡-Ww. bqWnäv 1 t^mIvtemÀ-þ-\nÀh-N-\w, e£yw, hym]vXn, [À½w-þ-tem-I-ho-£-Ww, t^mIvtemÀ P\p-Êv, saäm-t^mIvtemÀ, t^mIvtemdn-kw, t^mIvtem-dn-Ìn-Ivkv, {]mtbm-KnI t^mIvtemÀ, t^mIvtemdnsâ ]cn-Wm-aw, kmaq-ln-I-imkv{Xw t^mIvtemdpw _Ô-s¸-«- hn-jb§fpw-þ-\-c-hwi imkv{Xw, a\x-im-kv{Xw, `mjm imkv{Xw, kmln-Xyw-þ-Ncn{Xw. bqWnäv 2 \mtSmSn kmlnXyw F¶ ]cn-I-ev]-\-þ-\m-S³]m-«p-IÄ, \mS³ IY-IÄ, sFXn-ly-§Ä, ]g-s©m-Ãp-IÄ, ]pcm-hr-̄ -§Ä, IS-¦-Y-IÄ, \m«p-̂ -en-X-§Ä, \m«p-̀ mj hni-Z-]-T\w 1. IXn-h-¶qÀ hoc³ tXmäw, Hcp hoc-]p-cm-hr-̄ w-þ(-tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp\¼q-Xn-cn) 2. ]d-bn-s]ä ]´n-cp-Ipe IY (sF-Xn-ly-am-e) 3. ]qX³Ifn(A\pjmTm\ Ie) bqWnäv 3 \mtSmSn hnizm-kw, \m«m-Nm-c-§Ä, \m«psshZyw, \mS³ Iem-hn-cp-Xv, hnt\m-tZm-]m-[n-IÄ, \mtSmSn hmkvXp-hn-Zy, \mS³I-fn-IÄ, \mS³ `£-W-]m-\o-b-§Ä hni-Z-]-T\w 1. \m«p-̀ -£WwþN¡bpw am§bpw kwkvI-c-W-̄ nsâ XXz-§Äþ tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp \¼q-Xncn 2. Idp-̄ -I-e-IÄþthjw, B -̀cWw tUm.-Np-½mÀNp-− bqWnäv 4 AÀº³ t^mIvtemÀ, ss{S_ t^mIvtemÀ, {InÌy³ t^mIvtemÀ, apÉow t^mIvtemÀ, sslµh t^mIvtemÀ,Ct¡m---þSodnkw,t^mIvtemdpw kn\nabpw,t^mIv temdpw kn\nam]m«pIfpw bqWnäv 5
36
Ihn-X, t\mhÂ, sNdp-I-Y, \mS-Iw, F¶n-h-bnse \mtSmSn kmln-Xy-̄ nsâ kzm[o\w hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. ]qX-̧ m«v CS-tÈcn 2. Ieym-Wn-¡p«n HSp-hn Ipªn-IrjvW tat\m³ 3. N§e bp.-F.-Jm-ZÀ 4ssZh¯mÀ Imhmew 5. ]pen-P·w F³.-{]-̀ m-I-c³ 6.Aemhp±o\pw AZv̀ pXhnf¡pw þsF.hn.iin (kn\na) d^-d³kv 1. \mtSmSn hnÚm-\obw tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp \¼q-Xncn 2. t^mIvtemÀ \nL−p tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp \¼q-Xncn 3. IS-¦Y Hcp ]T\w tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp \¼q-Xncn 4. ]pe-b-cpsS ]m«p-IÄ tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp \¼q-Xncn 5. hS-¡³ ]m«p-IY Hcp ]T\w tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp \¼q-Xncn 6. sX¿w tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp \¼q-Xncn 7. Pohn-Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp \¼q-Xncn 8. t^mIvtemÀ tUm.-cm-L-h³ ]¿-\mSv 9. t^mIvtem-dn-s\mcp ]T-\-]-²Xn tUm.-cm-L-h³ ]¿-\mSv 10. t^mIvtemÀ kt¦-X-§fpw k¦-ev]-\§fpw tUm.-cm-L-h³ ]¿-\mSv 11. tIcf t^mIvtemÀ tUm.-cm-L-h³ ]¿-\mSv 12. an¯pw kaq-lhpw cmLh hmcyÀ, cmP³Kp-cp-¡Ä (F-Un) 13. hS-¡³ ]m«p-I-fpsS ]Wn-bme tUm: Fw.-BÀ. cmLh hmcyÀ 14. P\-Po-hn-Xhpw Ie-Ifpw tUm.-Np-½mÀ Nq− 15. BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-tImiw ]n.-kn.-IÀ¯m 16. ]g-s©m {]]©w ]n.-kn.-IÀ¯m 17. tIc-f-̄ nse \mtSmSn kwkvImcw Imhmew \mcm-b-W-̧ -Wn-¡À 18. tIc-f-̄ nse \mS³I-e-IÄ tUm.-F.-sI.-\-¼ymÀ 19. kmap-Zm-bnI Km\-I-e-IÄ ]WvUnäv sI.-]n.-I-dp-̧ ³ 20. ]Wn-bÀ; Pohn-Xw-þ-kw-Im-cw-þ-A-Xn-Po-h\w tUm.-]n.-tkm-a-ti-J-c³ \mbÀ 21. apI-b-À; Pohn-Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw tUm.-F.-Fw.-{io-[-c³ 22. t^mIvtemÀ: kao-]-\-§fpw km²y-X-Ifpw tUm.-F.-Fw.-{io-[-c³ 23. tImXm-½qco tUm: Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp \¼q-Xncn 24. Xrt¡m-«qÀ Xmbvhgn tUm.-hn.-doP 25. hb-\m-«nse BZn-hm-kn-I-fpsS ]m«p-IÄ Fw.-BÀ..-]-¦-Pm-£³ 26. ]tS-\n-bpsS PohXmfw IS-½-\n« hmkp-tZ-h³]nÅ 27. ]tS\n IS-½-\n« hmkp-tZ-h³]nÅ 28. Ipdn-Ny-cpsS ]m«p-Ifpw \mS³ ]m«p-Ifpw tUm.-Ip-am-c³ hb-tecn 29. ZfnXv kmlnXyw Ihn-bqÀ apcfn 30. am¸nf t^mIvtemÀ s{]m^.-_n.-ap-l-½Zv Al-½Zv 31. t^mIvtemÀ {]_-Ô-§Ä kn.-BÀ. -cm-P-tKm-]me³
37
32. tKm{X-I-em-h-Sn-hp-IÄ kn.-BÀ. cmP-tKm-]me³ 33. Irjn KoX FUn: kn.-BÀ. cmP-tKm-]me³ 34. Imthäw kn.-BÀ. cmP-tKm-]me³ 35. t^mIvtem-dnse kv{XokzXz \nÀ½nXn tUm.-]n.-h-k-́ -Ip-amcn 36. ss{IkvXh hnÚm-\obw ^m.-hn-Xb-̄ n tPmk^v 37. am¸nf Iem-ZÀi\w ]¡À ]¶qÀ 38. Im«p-Po-hn-X-̄ nsâ kv]µ Xmf-§Ä Um.-]n.-Pn.-]-ßn\n 39. \m«-dnhv ]pkvX-I-]-c-¼c P\:FUn:kn.-BÀ.cmP-tKm-]me³ 40. The study of Folklore Alan Dundes (Ed) 41 Analytical Essays in folklore Alan Dundes 42. Essays in Folk loristics Alan Dundes (Ed) 43. Folklore Genres Dan Ben-Amos 44. Folklore in context Dan Ben-Amos 45. Folklore-selected Essays Richard M Dorson 46. Mappila Muslims of Kerala Ibrahim Kunju.A.P 47. Standard Dictionary of folklore My tholoty and Legend MariaLeach 48 Ideology, Politics and Folklore Raghavan Payyand (Ed) 49. Folk culture and oral Tradition Sahablal Srivastava
ska-ÌÀ 2 MAL 2E 003
{]apJ Fgp-̄ p-Im-cn þ am[-hn-¡p«n (Eminent writer - Madhavikkutty)
A[ym]n-I: tUm: doP hn. s{IUnäv:4 ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-̄ n am[-hn-¡p-«n-bpsS kÀ¤m-ßI ssh`-h-s¯ hne-bn-cp-¯p-I-bmWv Cu tImgvkns³d e£-yw. kv{Xohn-tam-N-\-̄ nsâ {]Xy-b-imkv{Xw hyà-am-¡nb Fgp-̄ n hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v Ah-Km-l-ap−m¡phm³ tImgvkv km[y-am-I-Ww. klm-bI {KÙ-§fpw tImgvkp-ambn _Ô-s¸« aäp IrXn-Ifpw hmbn¨v hnZymÀ°n-IÄ sse{_dn sdt¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw Ah AXXv Syq«Àamsc ImWn¨v hne-bn-cp¯n NÀ -̈Ifpw skan-\m-dp-Ifpw kwL-Sn-̧ n-¡-Ww. bqWnäv 1 am[-hn-¡p-«n-þ-Po-h-N-cn-{X-tcJ bqWnäv 2 sNdp-IYm kmln-Xy-̄ n\v am[-hn-¡p-«n-bpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ hni-Z-]-T\w \cn-̈ o-dp-IÄ ]d-¡p-t¼mÄ XWp v̧ Nµ-\-a-c-§Ä cpÜn-Wn-s¡mcp ]mh-¡p«nlwk-[z\n
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bqWnäv 3 t\mhÂcw-K¯v am[-hn-¡p-«n-bpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ hni-Z-]-T\w h−n-¡m-f-IÄ Aam-hmkn bqWnäv 4 Ipdn-̧ p-IÄ, D]-\ym-k-§Ä, kvac-W-IÄ, Bß-I-Y, bm{Xm-hn-h-c-Ww, IhnX hni-Z-]-T\w Fsâ IY (B-ß-I-Y) Cu PohnXw sIm−v C{X-am{Xw (Ip-dn-̧ p-IÄ) bqWnäv 5 am[-hn-¡p-«n-þ-]-T-\-§Ä ae-bm-f-̄ n hni-Z-]-T\w 1. kv{Xo, kzXzw, kaqlw:am[-hn-¡p«n ]T-\-§Ä cma-Ir-jvW³.-C.-hn- 2. Xcn-ip-\n-e-̄ nsâ IY-IÄ hmkp-tZ-h³ \mbÀ, IfÀtImSv d^-d³kv 1. sNdp-IY C¶se C¶v Fw.-A-Nyp-X³ 2. ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym kmlnXy-N-cn{Xw tUm.-Fw.-Fw.-_-joÀ 3. IY BJym-\hpw A\p-̀ -h-k-̄ bpw sI.-]n.-A-̧ ³ 4. IY-bpsS ]n¶nse IY Sn.-F³.-P-b-N-{µ³ 5. IYm-́ cw hn.-BÀ.-kp-[ojv 6. IYbpw ^mâ-knbpw hÕ-e³ hmXp-tÈcn 7. sNdp-IY hm¡pw hgnbpw sI.Fkv.-c-hn-Ip-amÀ 8. IYbpw `mhp-I-Xz-]-cn-Wm-ahpw sI.Fkv.-c-hn-Ip-amÀ 9. tcmK-̄ nsâ ]q¡Ä cmP-Ir-jvW³ 10. sNdp-I-Y-bpsS OµÊv hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvW³ 11. A´ÀÖ\w apX AjnX hsc tUm.-cm-Pohv IpamÀ 12. {]t£m-̀ -hm-k-\-I-fpsS ss]XrIw cma-N-{µ³ IÃS 13. ImYn-Isâ ]Wn-̧ pc Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h³ \mbÀ 14. hÀ®§fpsS kwKoXw Fw.-F³.-hn-P-b³ 15. hm¡pw a\Êpw Fw.-F³.-hn-P-b³ 16. kzmX-{´y-̄ nsâ {`a-I-ev]-\-þ Alwt_m[-̄ nsâ kÀ¤m-ß-IX Fw.-sI.-l-cn-Ip-amÀ 17. skIvkv, kXy-̄ n\pw kZmNmc-̄ n\pw CS-bn tUm.-kn-dn-bIv tIm«-tbcn 18. Bß-lXy jm\-hm-kv.-Fw.-F, kPo-jv.- F³.]n 19. am[-hn-¡p-«n-bpsS IrXn-IÄ (k-¼qÀ®w) Un.-kn. _pIvkv
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ska-ÌÀ 2
MAL 2E 004 {]apJ Fgp-̄ p-Im-c³ -Ip-am-c-\m-im³
(Eminent Writer-KumaranAsan) s{IUnäv:4 A[ym]nI: tUm.doP.hn Imhy-hn-j-b-̄ nÂ, {]ta-b-̄ nÂ, `mh-̄ nÂ, ssien-bn sshhn-[yw krjvSn¨ Ihn-bmWv Ipam-c-\m-im³. kvtXm{X Nme-I-§fpw JWvU-Im-hy-§fpw Imhy-J-WvU-§fpw \nc-́ c{]hmlw t]mse DbnÀsIm− Hcp Imhy-{]-]©¯nsâ DS-a-bmWv alm-Ihn Ipam-c-\m-im³. \mSI-§Ä, hnhÀ¯-\-§Ä, \ncq-]-W-§Ä, teJ-\-§Ä, {]`m-j-W-§Ä C§s\ t]mIp¶p Bimsâ kmlnXy kw`m-h-\-IÄ. Ch-sb-̧ än Ah-Km-l-amb Úm\w D−m-¡pI H¸w Poh-N-cn-{X-¡p-dn-̧ p-IÄþ kmln-X-y-\n-cq-]-W-§Ä, Bim³ IrXn-I-fpsS hnaÀi-\-§Ä F¶n-h-sb-̧ -än kmam\y Úm\w D−m-¡p-I-þ-F¶n-h-bmWv Cu tImgvknsâ e£yw. kne-_-kn ]d-bp¶ klmbI {KÙ-§fpw tImgvkp-ambn _Ô-s¸« aäv ]pkvX-I-§fpw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ hmbn v̈ sse{_dn dn¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm¡n AXXp Syq«Àamsc Iman¨v hne-bn-cp-̄ nb tijw NÀ -̈IÄ, skan-\m-dp-IÄ, kwhm-Z-§Ä F¶nh kwL-Sn-̧ n-¡-Ww. bqWnäv 1 Bimsâ Poh-N-cn-{X-tc-J-þ-B-[p-\nI Ihn{Xb-̄ n Bimsâ Øm\w, Bimsâ kvtXm{X IrXn-IÄ, JWvU-Im-hy-§Ä hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v kp{_-ÒWyiXIw eoe bqWnäv 2 PohnX \ncq-]-Whpw XXz-Nn-́ -bpw-þ-km-aqlnI hn¹hw hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v Hc-\p-Xm]w Zpc-hØ bqWnäv 3 Ihn-IÄ hnaÀi\ cwK v̄ hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v Nn{X-tbmK \ncq-]Ww bqWnäv 4 Poh-N-cn-{X-§Ä kmam\y ]cn-Nbw hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v arXyp-RvPbw Imhy-Po-hn-Xwþ-Fw.-sI.-km\p bqWnäv 5 Bim³ IhnXm ]T-\-§Ä ]nevIme kzm[o\w hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v
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Bimsâ koXm-Im-hyw-þ-kp-Ip-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv Imhy-Ie Ipam-c-\m-im-\n-eq-sS-þ-]n.-sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ _p²-ZÀi-\-̄ nsâ kzm[o\w Bim³ Ihn-X-bn (kzm-[o-\Xm ]T-\-§Ä) tUm.-Un.-_-©-an³ klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä 1. kvt\l-Km-b-I³ sI.-sP.-A-e-Ivkm-−À 2. Ipam-cm-kzm-Z\w BâWn Ipª-¡m-c³ 3. Bim\pw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw C.-Fw.-F-kv.-\-¼q-Xn-cn-̧ mSv 4. Bim³ kvac-WIÄ kn.-hn.-Ip-ªp-cm-a³ 5. Ipam-c-\m-imsâ k¼qÀ®-Ir-Xn-IÄ F³.-Ip-am-c-\m-im³ 6. Bimsâ k¼qÀ® IrXn-IÄ sI.-F.-Ir-jvW³ 7. eoem\ncq-]Ww tIcf ]WvUn-X³ 8. Ime-̄ nsâ Imhyw Zpc-hØ Hcp ]T\w im´m-ebw tIi-h³ \mbÀ 9. alm-Ihn Ipam-c-\m-im³ kn.-H.-tI-i-h³ 10. Bimsâ koX Aán-]-co£ F³.-tIm-bn-̄ « 11. Bimsâ am\-k-]p-{Xn-amÀ sNt©cn Pb-Ip-amÀ 12. Bim³ Ihn-X-þ-Hcp ]T\w tPmk^v ap−-tÈcn 13. hoW-]qhv I¬ap-¶n sI.-Fw.-Um-\n-b 14. Bim³ \ngepw shfn-̈ hpw F.-]n.-]n.-\-¼q-Xncn 15. Bimsâ lrZbw tUm.-]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]nÅ 16. Bim\pw kvXpXn-Km-b-I-·mcpw kn.-\m-cm-b-W-̧ nÅ 17. \fn\n F¶ Imhy-inev]w \nXy ssNX-\y-bXn 18. Ipam-c-\m-i-msâ cN-\m-inev]w Fw.-Fw.-_-joÀ 19. Imhy-Ie Ipam-c-\m-im-\n-eqsS ]n.-sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ 20. \fn\n Hcp \ncq-]Ww cma³ tat\m³.Pn 21. Bim³-þ-\-thm-°m-\-¯nsâ Ihn Xmbm«v i¦-c³ 22. Znhy-tIm-Inew sI.-{io-\nhm--k³ 23. Ipam-c-\m-imsâ Imhy-{]-]©w Fw.-sI.-km\p 24. {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hpw Ipam-c-\m-im\pw Fw.-sI.-km\p 25. Bimsâ koXm-Imhyw kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv 26. Ipam-c-\m-im³ sI.-kp-tc-{µ³ 27. hoW-]q-hv-þ-ho-gm-̄ -]q-hnsâ katcm-ÕpI k©mcw k¼m: F³.-P-b-Ir-jvW³ 28. Bim³ Ihn-X-þ-tcm-[hpw {]Xn-tcm-[hpw s{]m^.-]n.-ao-cm-¡p«n 29. Bimsâ Ihn-X-þ-B-[p-\n-Im-\-́ -c-]m-T-§Ä ]n.-]-hn-{X³ 30. Ipam-c\mimsâ t\m«v _p¡p-IÄ tUm.-Fw.-Fw.-_-joÀ
ska-ÌÀ 2
MAL 2E 005
{]apJ Fgp-̄ p-Im-c³: hbem hmkp-tZ-h³]nÅ
((((Vayala Vasudevan Pillai))))
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s{IUnäv: 4 A[ym-]-I³ tUm. inh-Zmkv sI.-sI. temI\mSIthZn-bnse Ne-\-§Ä \nco-£n-¡p-Ibpw kzmwio-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX ae-bmfnbmWv hbem hmkp-tZ-h³]nÅ. ka-Im-eo\ ae-bmf \mS-I-th-Znsb apt¶m«v \bn-¡m³ Pm{KX ]peÀ¯nb B hyàn-{]-Xn-̀ sb ASp¯dn-bp-¶-Xn\v hnZymÀ°n-Isf kÖ-cm-¡pI F¶-XmWv Cu t] -̧dnsâ Dt±-iyw. B[p-\nI \mS-I-̄ nsâ Aa-c-¡m-c³ F¶ \ne-bnepw \mSI hnhÀ -̄I³, Kth-j-I³ F¶ \ne-bn-ep-apÅ At±-l-̄ nsâ kw`m-h-\-IÄ hnhn[ bqWn-äp-I-fn kw{K-ln-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. temI \mS-I-th-Zn-bnse {]Øm-\-§-sf-¡p-dn-̈ -dn-bm\pw hyXykvX \mS-I-Ir-̄ p-¡-sfbpw kwhn-[m-b-I-scbpw ]cn-N-b-s -̧Sm\pw AXn-eqsS km[y-am-tI-−-Xm-Wv. hbem hmkp-tZ-h³ ]nÅ-b-psS GsX-¦n-ep-samcp \mS-I-̄ nsâ Ah-X-c-Ww, \mSI NÀ -̈IÄ, \mSI Iym¼v, hnhn[ kwhn-[m-b-Icpw A`n-t\-X-m-¡fpambpÅ A`n-ap-J-§Ä F¶nh hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v tImgvknsâ `mK-ambn \S-̄ m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. AXn-\mbn Syq«Àam-cpsS klmbw tXSp-Ibpw sN¿-Ww. bqWnäv 1 hbem hmkp-tZ-h³ ]nÅ-b-psS {]apJ \mS-I-§-fpsS ]T-\-amWv Cu bqWn-än DÄs -̧Sp¯nbn«p-Å-Xv. hniz-Z-À-i-\w, Xpf-ko-h\w XpS-§n-b-h-sb-¡p-dn v̈ kmam-\y-t_m[w BÀPn-¡-Ww. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. Aán 2. IptN-e-KmY bqWnäv 2 hbem hmkp-tZ-h³ ]nÅ-b-psS GIm¦ \mS-I-§Ä Hcp ]£n-¡p-ªnsâ ac-W-̄ nse FÃm \mS-I-§sf¡pdn-̈ pÅ [mcW bqWn-än e£y-an-Sp¶p hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. Ipªn-̈ n-d-Ip-IÄ 2. kzÀ®-s¡m-¡p-IÄ bqWnäv 3 hbem hmkp-tZ-h³ ]nÅ-b-psS \mSI ]T-\-§Ä 1. cwK-̀ mj 2. kq{X-[mcm CXnte CXnte 3. Ac-§nsâ AÀ°-X-e-§Ä bqWnäv 4 \mSI XÀP-a-IÄ `mWvUw, Ddp-t_m-bv, \mK-a-WvUe F¶o XÀP-a-Isf¡pdn-̈ pÅ Ah-t_m-[-amWv Cu bqWnäv e£y-an-Sp-¶Xv hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v : `mWvUw (F-tUzUv t_m−nsâ The Bundlesâ ]cn-̀ m-j) bqWnäv 5 \mS-I-N-cn-{X-s -̄¡p-dn-̈ pÅ ]T\w hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v : ae-bmf \mSI Ncn{Xw 2005 d^-d³kv 1. ae-bmf \mSI Ncn{Xw þ Pn. i¦-c-̧ nÅ
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2. Db-cp¶ bh-\nI þ kn.-sP. tXmakv 3. ae-bmf \mSIw þ {KÙ-]m-T-hpw cwK-]m-Thpw þ Pn. KwKm-[-c³\m-bÀ 4. \mSIw I®nsâ Ie þ Sn.-]n. kpIp-am-c³ 5. sXcp-hp-\m-SIw þ kn²m-́ hpw {]tbm-Khpw þ F³.-BÀ. {Kma-{]-Imiv 6. \mSI i_vZ cXv\m-Icw þ Sn. ]hn-{X³ 7. cwKm-b\w þ sI. _me-Ir-jvW³ \¼ymÀ 8. A¿-̧ - -̧Wn-¡-cpsS teJ-\-§Ä 1990þ2005 þ sI. A¿-̧ - -̧Wn-¡À 9. ka-Xz-hmZn þ ]pfn-am\ ]c-ta-iz-c³]nÅ 10. ]co-£W {]h-W-X-IÄ ae-bmf \mS-I-¯n þ FÂ. tXmakvIp«n Cw¥ojv
1. Drama: A Guide to the study of Plays – Styan John. L 2. Studies in Elizabethan Drama Arthur Symons 3. Studies in English venaissance Drama Josephine W Bennett, Oscar Cargill, Vernon
Hall 4. Advanced Drama and theatre studies: Jonothon Neelands 5. A Drama in Dregs: A Life strudy Coralle Glyn 6. Shakespeare in performance: Shaughnessy Robert 7. The Musical as Drama: A study of the Principles and conventions behind Musical
shows from Kern to Sondheim Scott Mcmillin 8. Drama Criticism: Criticism of the most significant and widely studied Dramatic works
from all the Worlds Literature: Lawrence J Trudeau 9. Studying Drama Richard Hare 10. Modern German Drama: A study in form C.D Innes 11. Appropriating Folk culture: A Study of the post independence Indian Drama Guru
Charan Behra. 12. Studying Modern Drama Kenneth Pickering 13. The intruder in Modern Drama (European University Studies) Samar Attar 14. The making of modern Drama: A study of Buchner, Ibsen, Strindberg, Chekhov,
Pirandello, Brech, Beckett, Handke Richard Gilman 15. Drama in the Twentie Century: Comparative and critical Essays Clifford Davidson,
C.J Giankaris, John H Stroupe.
ska-ÌÀ 2 MAL 2E 006
sshÚm-\nI kmlnXyw
(Scholarly Literature) A[ym]I³: tUm.inh-Zm-kv.-sI.-sI.
s{IUnäv:4 \½psS kwkvIm-c-̄ n sshÚm-\nI kmln-Xy-̄ n\v ZoÀL ]mc-¼-cy-ap-−v. XXz-Nn´, tPymXn-im-kv{Xw, sshZyw, hmkvXp-hnZy XpS-§nb taJ-e-I-fn tIc-fo-bÀ temI-̄ n\v \ÂInb kw`m-h-\-IÄ sNdp-X-Ã. Cu taJ-e-I-fn D−mb anI¨ IrXn-I-fpsS ka-{K-Úm\w e`y-am-¡p-I-bmWv Cu t]¸À sIm−v Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. \nL-−p-¡Ä, imkv{X-km-ln-Xyw, hnÚm-\-tIm-iw, Irjn imkv{Xw, t]m¸p-eÀ kb³kv XpS-§nb taJ-e-I-fn-ep-−mb IrXn-IÄ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ hmbn¨p a\-Ên-em-
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¡p-Ibpw sse{_dn sdt¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm¡n Syq«Àamsc ImWn-t¡-−-Xp-am-Wv. NÀ¨, skan-\mÀ, A`n-ap-Jw, hoUntbm {]ZÀi\w XpS-§nb aäp coXn imkv{X-§fpw ]T-\-̄ n-\mbn Ah-ew-_n-¡m-hp¶-Xm-Wv. hniZ ]T-\-̄ n-\pÅ IrXn-IÄ {]Ir-Xn, sshZyw, aXw, cmjv{So-bw, imkv{Xw F¶n-§s\ bqWnäv Xncn v̈ {Iao-I-cn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. bqWnäv 1 : {]IrXn: ssPhsshhn-[y-̄ m k¼-¶-amWv tIc-fw. C´y-bn-emsIbpÅ ssPh sshhn-[y-̄ nsâ 20 iX-am-\-t¯mfw tIc-f-̄ n-em-Wv. ]Ýna-L-«hpw CS-\m-S³ Ip¶pIfpw \Zn-Ifpw hb-ep-I-fpw, ISepw tNÀ¶ Cu PohnImk{¼-Zm-bs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m-\pÅ {iaw ]e ]WvUn-X-·mcpw \S-̄ n-bn-«p-−v. kmam-\y-ambn AXv ]cn-N-bn-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 2 IrXn-IÄ \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶p. 1. tIc-f-̄ nse ]£n-IÄ Cµp-Nq-U³ 2. D¯-c-tI-c-f-̄ nse hnip² h\-§Ä C.-D-®n-Ir-jvW³ bqWnäv 2 sshZyw \m«p-ssh-Zyw, BbpÀtÆZw F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ ]c-¼-cm-KX sshZy k{¼-Zm-b-§-fnepw bp\m-\n, {]IrXn NnInÕ XpS-§nb NnInÕm hn[n-I-fnepw tIcfw krjvSn¨ t\«-§Ä kmI-tey\ a\-Ên-em-¡pI F¶-XmWv Cu bqWn-änsâ e£yw. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. B¿pÀtÆ-Z-ZÀi\w sshZy-̀ q-jWw sI.-cm-L-h³ Xncp-ap-ev]mSv 2. {]IrXn NnInÕ kn.-BÀ.-BÀ. hÀ½ bqWnäv 3 aXw \mKmÀÖp\³, i¦-cm-Nm-cyÀ XpS-§nb aX-ssk-²m-́ n-I-·m-cpsS ]n³_-e-ap-Å-XmWv Cu cwKw. ^nen-t¸mkv amÀ{Kn-tKm-dn-tbm-kn-s\-t¸m-epÅ kao-]-Ime Nn -́Icpw {]m[m-\y-aÀln-¡p-¶p. kmam-\y-ambn aX hnÚm-\s¯ a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w hni-Z-]-T-\hpw Cu bqWn-än Dt±-in-¡p¶p. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v thZ-§fpw A´Àssh-Úm-\nI ]T-\-§fpw FUn: tUm.-kn.-Fw. \oe-I-WvT³ CÉm-anI ZÀi\w Hcp-kwLw teJ-IÀ (`mjm C³Ìnäyq«v) bqWnäv 4 B[p-\nIimkv{X kmt¦-XnIX imkv{X-cw-K-̄ p-−mb \ho\ hnÚm-\-§-fmWv temIs¯ amäp-¶-Xn {][m\ ]¦v hln-¡p-¶-Xv. BI-bm imkv{X cwK-̄ p-−mb IrXn-IÄ kmam-\y-am-bn- ]-cn-Nbs¸Sp-¶Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. kmam\y ]cn-N-b-t¯m-sSm¸w hni-Z-]-T-\hpw Cu bqWn-än Dt±-in-¡p¶p. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. ]cn-Wmaw kn²m-́ -aà \nb-a-amWv sI. _m_p-tPm-k^v 2. AXn-cp-I-fn-Ãm¯ {]]©w tUm. tPmÀÖv hÀ¤okv bqWnäv 5 cmjv{Sobw
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\½psS P\m-[n-]-Xys¯ hnI-kn-̧ n-¡m³ Dt±-in-̈ mWv Cu bqWnäv hn`m-h\w sN¿p-¶-Xv. cmjv{Sob cwK-̄ p-−mb anI¨ IrXn-I-sfbpw IÀ¯m-¡-sfbpw kmam-\y-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w hni-Z-]-T-\hpw \nÀÆ-ln-t¡-−-Xm-Wv. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. Hcp I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Im-csâ P\m-[n-]-Xy-k-¦Â]w sI. thWp 2. \memw temIw kz]v\hpw bmYmÀ°yhpw Fw.-]n. ]c-ta-iz-c³ d^-d³kv 1. ImÀjnI hnÚm\w Hcp kwLw-te-J-IÀ (tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v) 2. `qan¡v ]\n ]n.-F-kv.tKm]n-\m-Y³ \mbÀ 3. {]]© \nKq-V-X-I-fpsS A\m-h-cWw tUm: hnZym-km-KÀ, HmXd 4. EtKzZ {]th-inI thZ-_Ôp 5. ]mc-¼-cyhpw t¢mWn§pw tUm:_me-Ir-jvW³ sNdq¸ 6. ]cnØnXn imkv{Xob ho£Ww Hcp kwLw-te-J-IÀ (tI-cf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v) 7. Btcm-Ky-IÂ]-{Zpaw ssI¡p-f-§c cma-hm-cyÀ 8. _p²-[À½w sshZy-̀ q-jWw sI. cmL-h³ Xncp- ap¸mSv 9. thZ-§fpw {iaW ]mc-¼-cyhpw tUm: anknkv sI. i¦-c-\m-cm-b- W³ 10. {]mNo\ `mc-Xob Huj[ sNSn-IÄ sI. tKmhn-µ-ta-t\m³ 11. Nc-I-ss]-XrIw tUm: Fw.-F-kv. hey-¯m³
12. Social Justice D.A. Desai
13. Method and Theory in Anthropology G. Palasarana
14. Gender and Caste Ed: Auparna Rao
15. The New Buddhism David Brazier
16. The Feeling Buddha David Brazier
17. New Confucianism John Makeham
18. Sufi Martyers of Love Carl. W. Ernst and
Bruce B. Lawrence
19. The Book and the roses Catharina Raudvere
20. The Tantric Body Gavin Flood
21. A Vision for Hinduism Jeffery D Long
22. Jainism Jeffery D Long
23. Hindu, Sufi or Sikh Steven W. Ramey
24. The Power of Tantra Hugh B. Urban
25. Mixed Messages Ed. Jamie S. Scott and
Gareth Griffiths
26. Moral Re-Armament Daniel Sack
27. Rapture Revelation and the End times Ed. Bruce Forbs and
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Jeanne Halgren Kilde
28. Derrida's Bible Ed. Yvonne Sherwood
29. Christian Muslim Dialogue in the Twentieth Century Ataullah Siddiqui
30. Recognizing Islam Michael Gilsenan
31. Culture and Memory in Medieval Islam Ed. Farhad Daftary and
Josef W. Meri
32. Islam and West Amin Saikal
33. Crossing the Threshold Dominique Sila Khan
34. Women's Rights and Islamic Family Law Ed. Lynn Welchman
35. Hadith as Scripture Aisha Y. Musa
36. The coming Global Superstorm Bell, Art, Striber, Whitley
37. The Elephants Secret sense O' Connell, Caitlin
38. Ecology of Woodlands and Forests Thomas, Peter, Packham,
John
39. A splintered History of Wood Carlsen Spike
40. A World Without Ice Henry Pollack
41. Animal Magnetism Rita Mae Brown
42. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology G. Katzung Bertram
43. Radiation Treatment -A Medical Dictionery Heath Publication, Icon
44. Think God- Fell Good: A cognitive behaviour
Therapy Work Book for Children Stall and Paul
45. An Introduction to political communication Mc Nair, Brian
46. Architects of Ruin Schweizer, Peter
47. Catastrophy Dick Morris
48. Government Pirates Don Corace
49. Encyclopedia of Nano Science and
Nano Technology AmericanScientific
Publishers.
50. Nano Technology: Science Innovation
and Opportunity Lynn E. Foster
51. Discovering the Nanoscale Ed: David Baired
52. The Origin of Species Charles Darvin
53. Darwins Worms Philips Adam
54. Origins of Life Dyson Freeman
55. Deepening Democracy Madhu Kishwar
56. Democracy A Reader Ed. Larry Diamond and
Marc F. Plattner
57. How People View Democracy Ed. Larry Diamond and
Marc F. Plattner
58. Political Parties and Democracy Ed. Ed. Larry Diamond and
Richard Gunthar
59. Globalisation, Power and Democracy Ed. Mark F. Plattner and
46
Aleksander Smolar
ska-ÌÀ 2 MAL 2E 007
Xangv kmlnXyw
(Tamil Literature) A[ym]I³: tUm.inh-Zm-kv.-sI.-sI.
s{IUnäv:4 `mc-Xob `mj-I-fn Gähpw ]g-¡-apÅ kmln-Xy-apÅ `mj-I-fn {]ap-J-amWv Xan-gv. kwL-Imew apXÂt¡ Xan-gn kmlnXy IrXn-I-fp-−v. {Zmhn-U-amb kuµcy imkv{X-̄ n-sâbpw samgnhg-¡-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-̄ -d-bn-epÅ IrXn-IÄ sXm«v ]pXnb kmlnXy {]Øm-\-§Ä hsc Xangv kmln-Xy-̄ n kPo-h-amWv. Xangv \mSn\v ]pdsa C´y¡v shfn-bn-epÅ Diaspora krjvSn-¡p¶ kmln-Xyhpw Xangv kmln-Xys¯ k¼-¶-am-¡p-¶p. hnhÀ¯-\-§-fn-eqsS GXm\pw Xangv kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-IÄ ae-bm-f-¯n e`y-am-Wv. Xangv kmln-Xy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v kmam-\y-Úm\w _ncp-Zm-\-́ c hnZymÀ°n-IÄ BÀÖn-¡pI F¶ Dt±iyamWv Cu t]¸-dn-\p-ÅXv. hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v A\y-̀ mj ]Tn-¡m\pw Xm -̧cy-ap-−m-¡p-I, C´y³ tZio-b-X-bpsS imào-I-c-W-¯n\v DX-IpI F¶o ]tcm£ Dt±-iy-§Ä IqSn Cu t] -̧dn-\p-−v. bqWnäv 1 kwL-Ime kmlnXyw kmam\y ]cn-NbwþsXm¡m-̧ n-bw, F«ps¯mssI, ]¯p-̧ m-«v-þ-Xn-W-k-¦-ev]w-þ-Xn-cp-¡p-dÄ-þ-Nn-e-̧ -XnImcw, aWn-ta-Je hni-Z-]-T\w: Ien-s¯m-I-bn \n¶v 5 Ihn-X-IÄ Ipdn©n \oscSp-¡p¶ ]cÂao³ ]me ]mSp¶ hf-IÄ apà NXp-c-̀ m-jWw acpXw ag tamln¨ s\Âs¨Sn s\bvX ktÔy \o F´p sNbvXp Ien-s¯mI hnh: -ta-e-§¯v \mcm-b-W³Ip«n {]km: -tI-c-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Zan. Nne-̧ -Xn-Imcw Cft¦m ASn-IÄ bqWnäv 2 a[y-Ime kmlnXyw BgvhmÀ \mb-\mÀ kmlnXyw Xncp-hm-k-Iw, Xncp-̧ msh hni-Z-]-T\w Xncp-̧ msh B−mÄ hnh DÅqÀ.-Fw.-]-c-ta-iz-c³ bq-Wnäv 3 \thm-°m\kmln-Xyw, KZy-km-ln-Xy-̄ nsâ DÛ-hhpw hfÀ -̈bpw-þ-tZ-iob kmln-Xyw, am\-hn-I-X, DÅ-S-¡¯nepw cq]-̄ nepw IrXn-IÄ¡p-−mb amä-§Ä.
47
kp{_-ÒWy `mc-Xn, Sn.-sI.-]m-h-eÀ, Pb-Im-́ ³, AJn-e³, `mc-Xn-Zm-k³ XpS-§n-b-hÀ hni-Z-]-T\w kp{_-ÒWy `mc-Xn-þ-hmbp (hn-h: -BäqÀ) Nn¯n-c-̧ mssh AJn-e³ bqWnäv 4 B[p-\nI kmlnXywþB[p-\n-I-X-bnse kzc-t -̀Z-§Ä, Úm\-¡q-̄ ³, I.-\m-kp, kpµc cma-kzman, \Ip-e³, ]n -̈aqÀ¯n XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS IrXn-IÄ, \mSIw XpS-§nb aäv kmln-Xy-cq-]-§-fnse B[p-\n-I-X. hni-Z-]-T\w ]pfn-a-c-̄ nsâ IY: kpµc cma-kzman hn-h: -B-äqÀ Xe-ap-d-IÄ -þ\oe-]-ß-\m-̀ ³ (hnh: FÂ.-sI. t]män) bqWnäv 5 ka-Im-enI Xangv kmlnXyw B[p-\n-tIm-̄ c {]h-W-X-IÄ-þ-s]-s®-gp-¯v, ZenXv kmln-Xyw, ]pXp-I-hn-X-IÄ, sNdp-I-Y, \mS-Iw, t\mh XpS-§nb aäv kmlnXy cq]-§-fn-ep-−mb amä-§Ä. Diaspora kmlnXyw, {ioe-¦, kn¦-̧ qÀ XpS§n aäp cmPy-§-fn \n¶pÅ cN-\-IÄ. IhnX 1. Rm\n-Ãm¯ Ahsâ temIw-þ-þ-kÂa 2. ka-b-thÂþtIm-hn kwkvImcw 3; Fw.-bp-h³þIpgn-s -̈Sp-¡-s¸« \Kcw ^n£³ 1. kwKXnþ]ma hn.-h.-hn-P-b-Ip-amÀ Ip\n-tÈcn 2. Hcp IS-temc {Kma-̄ nsâ IYþtXm-̧ n apl-½Zv aocm³-þ-hn-h:-iq-c-\mSv chn klm-bI {KÙ-§Ä 1. XangvkmlnXy Ncn{Xw Sn.-]n.-ao-\m£n kpµ-c³ 2. tIcfkmlnXy A¡m-Zan {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ kwL-Ime IrXn-IÄ hnh: -ta-e-§¯v \mcm-b-W³Ip«n 3. ]pXp-\m-\qdv hnh: BäqÀ chn-hÀ½ 4. X¸p-Xm-f-§Ä Nmcp-\n-th-ZnX 5. `mc-Xob `mjm-N-cn{Xw sI.-Fw.-tPmÀÖv 6. Xan-gI s]¬I-hn-X-IÄ hn-h: -kÂa 7. A¿ -̧̧ -Wn-¡-cpsS teJ-\-§Ä 8. C´y³ kmlnXy kn²m-́ -§Ä: {]k-ànbpw km[y-Xbpw A¿-̧ -̧ -Wn-¡À 9. B¯n-ipSn HuÆ-¿mÀ hymJym: ]n. hniz-\m-Y³ \mbÀ 10. ]p-jv]-am-enI I®-Zm-k³, hnh: Fkv. cma-Ir-jvW³ 11. I¼-cm-am-bWw hnh: Fkv.-sI. \mbÀ 12. s]cp-amÄ Xncp-samgn Ipe-ti-Jc BÄhmÀ, hnh: ]pXptÈcn cma-N-{µ³ 13. aWn-ta-Je Iqe-hm-Wn-I³ Nm¯-\mÀ (hn-h: Infn-am-\qÀ F³. tIi-h³) 14. s]cnb ]pcmWw tN¡n-gmÀ (KZy hnh: sI.-]n.-sI. tat\m³) 15. Xncp-¡p-d Xncp-h-Åp-hÀ (hnh: Pn. N{µ-ti-J-c³ \mbÀ)
48
16. `mc-Xn-bpsS Ihn-X-IÄ kp{_-ÒWy `mcXn (hnh: sh®n-¡pfw tKm]m-e-¡p-dp v̧) 17. sXc-sª-Sp¯ Ihn-X-IÄ kp{_-ÒWy `mcXn (hnh: Fkv. cta-i³ \mbÀ) 18. hnf-¡n-\p-am-{Xtam Nph¸v I®-Zm-k³ (hnh: iin IS-hnÂ) 19. X®oÀ Atim-I-an-{X³ 20. Nne ka-b-§-fn Nne a\p-jyÀ Pb-Im-́ ³ (hnh: kn.-F. _me³) 21. \ns¶-t¸m-sem-cp-h³ Pb-Im-́ ³ (hnh: kn.-F. _me³) 22. Hcp-a-\p-jy³ Hcp hoSv Hcp temIw Pb-Im-́ ³ (hnh: kn.-F. _me³) 23. ]Ån-sIm−]pcw \oe-]-ß-\m-̀ ³ (hnh: _n. atl-izcn tZhn) 24. an³ DeIw \oe-]-ß-\m-̀ ³ (hnh: FÂ.sI. t]män) 25. I¸Â ]dh inh-i-¦cn (hnh: sI. thWp-tKm-]mÂ) 26. kwKaw hmk´n (hnh: sI. ]mÀÆXn A½mÄ) 27. tP.-tP. Nne-Ip-dn-̧ p-IÄ kpµ-c-cm-a-kzman (hnh: BäqÀ chn- hÀ½) 28. Pb-Im-́ sâ sNdp-I-Y-IÄ hnh: sI.-F. Iem-hXn 29. `mc-Xn-bpsS KZy-Ir-Xn-IÄ hnh: Fkv.-sI. \mbÀ 30. Xan-gv\m-«nse \mtSmSn kwkvImcw Fkv.-Fw.-F³. e£va-W³ sN«n-bmÀ (hnh: Fkv. tKm]n) 31 kwL-Ime IrXn-I-fnse Xangv kwkvImcw tUm: sI. D®n-¡n-Smhv
32. Literary Heritage of Tamils S.V. Subrahmaniam
ska-ÌÀ 3 MAL 3E 008
kmln-Xyhpw XXz-Nn-́ bpw
(Literature and Philosophy) A[ym]I³: tUm.inh-Zm-kv.-sI.-sI.
s{IUnäv 4 a\p-jy\pw {]]-©hpw X½nse _Ô-s¯-¡p-dn¨v c−v hyXykvX coXn-bn-epÅ Bhn-jv¡m-c-§-fmWv kmln-Xyhpw XXz-Nn-́ -bpw. IrXn-I-fn ]tcm-£-ambn Fgp-̄ p-Im-csâ/Fgp-̄ p-Im-cn-bpsS PohnX ZÀi\w F¶ \ne-bn IS¶p hcp-¶-tXm-sSm¸w kmlnXy Ncn-{X-̄ n cq]w sImÅp¶ {]Øm-\-§fpsSbpw {]h-W-X-I-fpsSbpw ]n¶n-epÅ iàn-I-fn-sem¶v XXz-Nn-́ bn kw -̀hn-¡p¶ paradigm shift
BWv. kmlnXy]T\w kmlnXycq]-§-fpsS tIhe hymJym-\-am-hmsX IrXn-bpsS A]-{K-Y-ambn amd-W-sa-¦n kmln-Xyhpw XXz-Nn-́ bpw X½nse _Ôw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. AXn-\p-X-Ip¶ coXn-bn-emWv Cu tImgvkv hn`m-h\w sN¿p-¶-Xv. ]mÝmXyhpw ]uc-kvXy-hp-amb XXz-Nn-́ m-]-²-Xn-IfpsS kmam\y Úm\-t¯m-sSm¸w GXm\pw amXr-I-IÄ hni-Z-]-T-\-¯n-\mbn bqWn-äp-I-fn \nÀt±-in-̈ n-cn-¡-p¶p. bqWnäv 1
49
C´y³ XXz-Nn´m]²-Xn-IÄ-þ-{]-[m-\-X-Xz-Nn-́ -IÀ-þ-A-ssZz-Xw, A\p-am\w: cmjv{Sob hnh-£-IÄ, ]mÝmXy XXz-Nn-́ m-]-²-Xn-I-tfm-SpÅ _Ôw. hni-Z-]-T\w 1. ssZh-Z-iIw {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp 2. eoe `ÀXr-Lm-X-Intbm amcmÀ bqWnäv 2 kq^nkw sk³ _p²n-kw, Xmthm-bn-kw, aäv ]uc-kvXy-ZÀi-\-§Ä hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. tX·mhv _joÀ 2. NWvUm-e-̀ n-£pIn Bim³ 3. kv{Xo Hmtjm bqWnäv 3 am\-hn-I-X t]mepÅ ]mÝmXy {]_p-²-X-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« ZÀi-\-§Ä hni-Z-]-T\w i_vZn-¡p¶ Ie¸ s]m³Ip¶w hÀ¡n HmS-bn \n¶v tIi-h-tZhv Nps«-cn-¡n³ N§-¼pg bqWnäv 4 B[p-\n-I-X¡v ]n¶nse XXz-Nn-́ m-K-Xn-IÄ amÀIvkn-kw, AkvXn-Xz-hm-Zw XpS-§n-bh hni-Z-]-T\w k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ ]\n A©p-h-b-ÊpÅ Ip«n Fw.-ap-Ip-µ³ amÀIvkn-khpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw:C.-Fw.-Fkv bqWnäv 5 B[p-\ntIm¯-c-Xbpw XXz-Nn-́ bpw \otj, sZdn-Z, ^qt¡m, ^m\³ XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS XXz-ZÀi-\-§Ä. hni-Z-]-T\w 1.A]-\nÀ½mWw XXzhpw {]tbm-Khpw hn.-kn.-{io-P³ 2.-\o-tj-bpsS tKmÄtKmY Bjm tat\m³ d^-d³kv 1. `mcXob Nn´ sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c³ 2. ]mÝmXy {]_p-²-Xbpw B[p-\n-tIm-̄ -c-Xbpw ̂ nen-t¸m-kvamÀ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv 3. ZÀi-\-̄ nsâ ]q¡Ä ^nen-t¸m-kvamÀ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv 4. AkvXn-Xz-hm-Zhpw XXz-Nn-́ bpw sI.-cm-L-h³]nÅ 5. XXz-akn Ago-t¡mSv 6. Bân-ss{I-Ìv-þ-\otj {]kn.-a-e-bm-f-]-T\ Kth-j-W-tI{µw 7. kc-Xjv{S C{]-Imcw ]dªp: \otj hnh.-_m-e-kp-µ-c³ 8. Hmtjm IrXn-IÄ aebmf ]-cn-̀ mjIÄ 9. `ÀXrlcn-bpsS `mjm-ZÀi\w Fw.-{io-Ip-amÀ 10. kmÀ{Xnsâ AkvXn-Xz-ZÀi\w sI. cmL-h³]nÅ 11. A\y-h-h¡-c-Whpw tbmKhpw _n. cmPo-h³ 12. `mc-Xob ZÀi\w Fkv. cm[m-Ir-jvW³ (hnh: \mcm-b-W³ \¼o-i³)
50
13. {Ko¡v bqtdm-]y³ ZÀi-\-§Ä cmlp kmwIr-Xym-b³ (hnh: abq-c-\m-Y³) 14. Xmthm: Kpcp-hnsâ hgn emthmÕp (hnh: AjnX) 15. Bß-hnZy hmKv̀ -Sm-\-µ³ 16. kmwJy-ZÀi\w hmN-kv]Xn an{i³ (hnh: sI. Ipªp-]nŸWn-¡À) 17. `mc-Xob ZÀi-\-§Ä kn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `«-Xncn 18. XXz-Nn´ tUm: sI. them-bp-[³ \mbÀ 19. AssZz-X-aXw i¦-cm-Nm-cyÀ (hnh: F. i¦-c-iÀ½) 20. bm tZho kÀÆ-̀ q-tXjp hn.-kn. {ioP³ 21. lyqa-\nkw _mÀ_d kvtam¡À (hnh: Pn. Pb³) 22. kmln-Xyhpw ZÀi-\hpw k¼m: BÂ_À«v \¼ym-]-d-¼n 23. kwhm-Z-§Ä kw`m-j-W-§Ä Pn±p IrjvW-aqÀ¯n 24. B[p-\nI bqtdm-]y³ Nn -́I³amÀ ]n.-Sn.-Nmt¡m 25. C´y³ \nco-iz-c-hmZw tZ_o-{]-kmZv NtXm-]m-[ymb 26. Btßm-]-tZi iXIw {io\m-cm-bWKpcp 27. {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hnsâ ZÀi-\hpw kmln-Xyhpw F. ]ß-\m-̀ -Ip-dp¸v 28. {Ko¡v Nn -́IÄ ap\n \mcm-bW {]kmZv 29. hnth-Im-\-µsâ am\-h-ZÀi\w cwK-\m-Ym-\µ kzman (hnh: hn. apc-fo-[-c-ta-t\m³) 30. {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hnsâ k¼qÀ®-Ir-Xn-IÄ: hntZym-Xn\n hymJym\w tUm: Sn. `mkvI-c³ 31 Rms\¶ (A) `mhw Sn.-hn. a[p 32. A Short Introduction to Vedanta Ed: Subodh Kapoor
33. Introduction to Religious Philosophy Masih
34. Principles of Sufism AL Qushayri
35. Oxford Dictionery of Philosophyo
ska-ÌÀ 3 MAL 3E 009
kwkvImc ]T\w (Cultural Studies)
A[ym-]-I³: tUm: F.-Fw. {io[-c³ s{IUn-äv-þ4 kwkvIm-c-]-T\w F¶ \qX-\-Nn-́ m-]-²-Xn-sb-̧ än ka-{K-amb Úm\w D−m-¡pI F¶-XmWv tImgvkn-eqsS e£yw hbv¡p-¶-Xv. ka-Im-enI tIc-fob Pohn-X-¯nse kmwkv¡m-cnI {]iv\-§Ä hni-I-e\w sN¿m³ Bh-iy-amb ssk²m-́ nI Úm\w hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v Df-hm-¡m³ Cu t]¸-dn\v Ign-b-Ww. kwkvImc ]T-\-¯nsâ Nne tIc-fob amXr-I-IÄ hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v \nÀt±-in-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p. kne-_-kn ]d-bp¶ klm-b-I-{KÙ§fpw tImgvkp-ambn _Ô-s¸« aäv ]pkvX-I-§fpw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ hmbn¨v sse{_dn dnt¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw
51
Ah AXXv Syq«Àamsc ImWn¨v hne-bn-cp-̄ nb tijw NÀ -̈IÄ, skan-\m-dp-IÄ, kwhm-Z-§Ä F¶nh kwL-Sn-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw thWw. bqWnäv 1 kwkvImcw: \nÀh-N-\w, kao-]-\-§Ä, {]Ir-Xnbpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, `mjbpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, \mK-cn-I-Xbpw kwkvIm-chpw -þ-kw-kv¡m-c-̄ nâ X-e-§Ä-þ-tZ-io-b-X, {]mtZ-io-b-X, ØnXym-ß-I-X, At_m-[-]qÀÆ-amb BÀÖ-\w, t_m[-]qÀÆamb \nÀ½mWw F¶n-h-þ-kw-kvIm-c-]-T-\-̄ nse k{¼-Zm-bnI \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ-þ-kmw-kv¡m-cnI hmZw, kmwkvIm-cnI `uXn-I-hm-Zw-þ-bq-tdm-]y³ kwkv¡m-c-̄ nsâ BZy-Ime coXn imkv{Xw. bqWnäv 2 kwkv¡m-c-s¯-¡p-dn v̈ amXyp BÀtWmÄUn-sâbpw F^v.-BÀ.-eo-hn-kn-sâbpw sdbva−v hneyw-kn-sâbpw ho£-W-§Ä-þ-kw-kvImc \ncq-]-Whpw kwkvIm-c-]-T-\hpw X½n-epÅ hyXym-kw-þ-amÀIvkn-khpw kwkvImc ]T-\hpw Atâm-Wntbm {Kmwjn, dn¨mÀUv slmKmÀ«v, C.-]n.-tXmw-k¬, sP.-Ìyp-hÀ«v lmÄ F¶n-h-cpsS ho£-W-§Ä. bqWnäv 3 kwkvImc hyh-km-bw, {^m¦v ^À«v kvIqÄ Nn -́IÀ, AtUm-tWm, tlmÀssJ-aÀ, hmÄ«À _©-an³ F¶n-h-cpsS ho£-W-§Ä. P\-{]nb kwkvIm-c-]-T-\-§Ä, DZm¯ kwkvIm-c-̄ nsâ A]-\nÀ½m-Ww, kvt]mÀSvkv, kb³kv, ^mj³, kn\n-a, ]ckyw XpS-§nb taJ-e-I-fnse ]T-\w-þ-kmw-kv¡m-cnI aqe-[-\w-þ-]n-bdn t_mÀZyp-hnsâ ImgvN-̧ m-Sv. bqWnäv 4 sdmfmMv _mÀ¯v, eqbn AÂXyq-kÀ, antj ^qt¡m, gm¡v Zdn-Z, e¡m³, {^m³kv ^m\³, Pqenb {InkvtX-h, Kmb{Xn N{I-hÀ¯n kv]nhm-¡v, FtUzÀUv skbvZv XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS Nn´m-tem-Iw-þ-Hm-dn-bâ-en-kw, t]mÌv sImtfm-Wn-b-en-kw, aq¶mw-temI ImgvN-̧ m-Sp-IÄ, ]Sn-ªm-dnsâ hnaÀi-\w, KmÔn-b³ ImgvN-̧ m-Sp-IÄ. bqWnäv 5 kwkvImc ]T-\-̄ nsâ tIc-fob amXr-IIÄ 1. aebmf kmln-Xy-̄ n ae-_m-sd¶ {]cq]w (a-e-_mÀ tZio-b-X-bpsS CS-]m-Sp-IÄþ Fw.-Sn.-A³km-cn)
2. kzXzw, ico-cw, A´x-I-c-Ww-þ-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hnsâ IrXn-I-sf-̧ än Nne \nco-£-W-§ÄþDZb-Ip-amÀ (\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp Pohn-Xw, IrXn-IÄ, ZÀi-\w) -F-Un: -sI.-F³.-jm-Pn
3. kzÀ®hpw BtKmf h¡-c-W-hpw-þ-kzÀ® tIcfw (tPmÀÖv hÀ¤o-kv.-sI) 4. kztZ-in-ssh-Zyhpw kmwkvIm-cn-Im-[n-]-Xyhpw (kw-kvIm-chpw tZio-b-X-bpw-þ-sI.-F³.-]-Wn-¡À)
d^-d³kv 1. kwkvIm-c-̄ nsâ cmjv{Sobw k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ 2. tNmZy-§Ä CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ F.-tkm-a³
52
3. kwkvIm-chpw hnaÀi-\hpw Fkv.-F-kv.-{io-Ip-amÀ 4. kwkvImc ]T\w Hcp BapJw ]n.-]n.-c-ho-{µ³ 5. Iem-hn-aÀi-\w, amÀIvkn-Ìv am\-ZWvUw cho-{µ³ (F-Un) 6. DÀÆ-c-X-bpsS Xmfw Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c³ 7. {]Xn-̀ m-\-]Yw Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c³ 8. A\zbw BÀ.-hn-iz-\m-Y³ 9. Ah-Øbpw BJym-\hpw BÀ.-hn-iz-\m-Y³ 10. {i² sI.-Fw.-\-tc-{µ³ 11. kwhmZw sI.-Fw.-\-tc-{µ³ 12. kuµ-cyhpw A[n-Im-chpw k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ 13. kmwkvIm-cnI hnaÀi-\-̄ n\v HcpcoXn imkv{Xw sP.-sP.-]-ův 14. kmaqly imkv{X-ZÀi\w tUm.-sI.-hn.-Zn-eo-]vIp-amÀ 15. ^mkn-k-̄ nsâ a\x-imkv{Xw Fw.-F³.-hn-P-b³ 16. kwkvIm-chpw kzmX-{´yhpw Fw.-F³.-hn-P-b³ 17. Ncn-{Xhpw B[p-\n-I-Xbpw Sn.-Sn.-{io-Ip-amÀ 18. \h-amÀIvknÌv kmaq-ly-hn-aÀi\w Sn.-hn.-a[p 19. B[p-\n-tIm-̄ -c-þ-hn-i-I-e\hpw hnaÀi-\hpw hn.-kn.-{io-P³ 20. hnaÀi-\m-ßI kn²m´w hn.-kn.-{io-P³ 21. KmÔn-bpsS Pohn-X-ZÀi\w sI. Ac-hn-µm-£³ 22. alm-ßm-KmÔn 100 hÀj-§Ä FUn. tUm: Fkv. cm[m-Ir-jvW³ 23. kwkvImchpw kmlnXyhpw sI sI inhZmkv 24. kmwkvImcnI hnaÀihpw aebmf `mh\bpw k¼m: jmPn tP¡_v 25. Hcp kmaqlnI ImgvN¸mSn \n¶v {]km:C³Ìnäyq«v t^mÀ tkmjy & Ct¡mtfmPn¡Â ÌUokv, tImgnt¡mSv 26. Key words Raymond Williams
27. Key concepts in cultural Theory Ed.Andrew Edgar and Peter
Sedgwick 28. Prison Note books Antonio Gramsci
29. Illuminations Walter Benjamin
30. A Dictionary of Marxist thought Ed.Tom Bottomore
31. On Literature and Art Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels
32. Marxism and the Interpretation of culture Cary Neison and Lawrence
33. Marxist Literary and cultural theories Moyara Halls
34. One Dimensional Man Herbert Marcuse
35. Aesthetics and Politics Adorno
ska-ÌÀ 3 MAL 3E 010
am[ya kmlnXyw
writing for Media
53
A[ym]I³: tUm.F.-Fw.-{io-[-c³ s{IUnäv 4 ]{X-am-kn-I-IÄ, sSen-hn-j³, tdUn-tbm, Ne-̈ n-{Xw, CâÀs\-äv F¶o _lp-P\ k¼À¡ am[y-a-§-sf-̧ -änbpw Cu am[y-a-§-fn D]-bp-à-am-hp¶ ae-bmf `mj-tbbpw kmln-Xy-s¯bpw ]änbpw Cu am[y-a-§-fpsS kmln-Xob kmwkv¡m-cnI ^e-§-sf-̧ -än-bpapÅ hni-Z-amb ]T-\w. kne-_-kn ]d-ªn-«pÅ ]pkvX-I-§fpw tImgvkp-ambn _Ô-s¸« aäv ]pkvX-I-§fpw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ hmbn¨v sse{_dn dnt¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡-Ww. kn\n-a, tUmIyp-saâ-dn, F¶n-h-bpsS {]ZÀi-\-§Ä \S¯n NÀ -̈IÄ kwL-Sn-̧ n-¡-Ww. bqWnäv 1 Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bw-þ-\nÀh-N-\w-þ-B-i-b-hn-\n-ab {]{In-b-bpsS LS-I-§Ä-þ-hy-Xy-kvX-amb Bib hn\n-ab coXn-IÄ-þ-_-lp-P\ k¼À¡ am[y-a-§Ä-þ-\nÀN-\w-þ-A-h-bpsS {]hÀ¯-\hpw [À½-hpw-þ-L-S-I-§Ä-þ-̂ -e-§Ä-þ-_-lp-P\ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bs¯ Ipdn-̈ pÅ hyXykvX kn²m-́ -§Ä-þ-am-[ya t_m[-\-̄ nsâ Bh-iyw-þ-]p-Xnb BtKmfmh-Ø-bn P\-§-fpsS kanXn cq]-s -̧Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn am[y-a-§-fpsS ]¦vþam-[y-ahpw kwkvImc cq]-I-c-W-hpwþam[y-a-̄ nsâ kmaq-lnI cmjv{Sob {]Xn-_-²-X-IÄ. bqWnäv 2 A¨Sn am[yaw: khn-ti-j-X-IÄ, hmÀ¯m-L-S-\-þ-hmÀ¯m aqe-I-§ÄþhmÀ¯m ico-cw-þ-hmÀ¯m tiJ-c-Ww-þ-dn-t¸mÀ«nwKv, ]{X-̄ nsâ LS-\, t^mÀamäpw hn\n-ab XXz-§-fpw-þ-F-Un-änw-Kv, \yqkv dqwþte Hu«v, Xe-s¡-«v, Im]vj³ XpS-§n-bh A`n-ap-J-§fpw ^o -̈dp-I-fpw-þ-]{X `mj-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ-þ-hn-]-W\X{´wþ]{X-kzm-X-{´yw-þ-A- -̈Sn-hn-Zy-þ-km-t¦-XnI {]iv\-§Ä-þ-km-ln-Xy-̄ n-sâbpw `mj-bp-sSbpw taJ-e-bn ]{X-§-fpsS kw`m-h-\-þ-]-{X-̀ m-j-bpsS kzm[o\w ae-bmf kmln-Xy-̄ n bqWnäv 3 tdUntbmþam-[y-a-̄ nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ tdUntbm {]t£-]-W-̄ nsâ Ncn-{Xw-þ-hn-hn[ tdUntbm ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡Â-þ-hmÀ¯-IÄ-þ-dn-t¸mÀ«nw-Kv-þ-{]-`mjWw, ^o¨À, \mS-Iw, tUmIyp-saâ-dn-IÄ, hnZym-̀ ymk ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ-þ-X-Õ-ab kwt{]-j-Ww-þ-td-Un-tbm-bpsS Xncn¨p hc-hv-þ-td-Un-tbm-bpsS P\-Io-b-Xbpw P\-kzm-[o-\-hpw. bqWnäv 4 sSen-hn-j³-þ-am-[y-a-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ-þ-sS-en-hn-j³ {]t£-]-W-̄ nsâ hnIm-kw-þ-hn-hn[ sSen-hn-j³ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ-þ-hmÀ¯-IÄ-þ-̂ o- -̈dp-IÄ-þ-sS-en-̂ nenapw-þ-tSmIvtjmþ-ko-cn-b-ep-IÄ-þ-tUm-Iyp-saâ-dn-IÄ-þ-kn-\n-abpw sSen-hn-j-\pw-þ-sS-en-hn-j³ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡Â-þ-A-Xnsâ hnhn[ L«§Ä-þ-X-Õ-ab ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ-þ-hn-hn[ Nm\-ep-IÄþ kn\n-a-bpsS DÛhpw hnIm-k-hpw-þ-N-e-¨n{X am[y-a-̄ nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ-þ-kn-\na Iem-cq]w F¶ \ne-bnÂ-þ-̂ o-¨À ^nenw. ]cky kn\n-a-IÄ-þ-kn-\n-a-bpsS hnhn[ L«-§Ä-þ-Xn-c-¡-Y, t^mt«m-{Km-̂ n, Iem kwhn-[m-\w, FUn-änw-Kv, i_vZ-te-J-\w,
54
kwKo-Xw-þ-kn-\n-abpw kmln-Xy-hpw, kn\na hmWnPyw F¶ \ne-bnÂ-þ-sS-en-hn-jsâ kzm[o\w ae-bmf kmln-Xy-̄ nÂ. bqWnäv 5 bqWnäv 5: I¼yq-«dpw CâÀs\äpw samss_epw: Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-cw-Ks¯ ]pXnb hnIm-k-§Ä: CâÀs\-änsâ km[y-X-IÄþ CâÀs\äv amK-kn-\p-IÄ, ]{X-§Ä, sh_vsskäpIÄ CâÀs\äpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw: samss_Âþ Bibhn\n-a-b-cw-Ks¯ 8þmas¯ am[y-awþ samss_-ensâ am[y-a-hÀ¯-am\ km[y-X-IÄþ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bw, kn\n-a, kmln-Xywþ F¶nh ]Tn-¡-Ww. d^-d³kv 1. hmÀ¯ (aq¶p hmey-§Ä) tPmbn Xncp-aq-e]pcw 2. ]{X-̀ mj {]kv A¡m-Zan 3. sSen-hn-j³ tPW-enkw hn.-cm-P-tKm-]m 4. ae-bmf kn\n-abpw kmln-Xyhpw a[p Cd-h-¦c 5. `mh-\m-XoXw (F-Un) ]n.-sI.-cm-P-ti-J-c³ 6. sSen-hn-j³ Ncn-{Xhpw cmjv{So-bhpw jn_p apl-½Zv 7. am[ya§fpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw Hcp kwLw teJ-I³ (tI-c-f-̀ mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v) 8. ]{X-temIw (No^v FUn.) Sn.-th-Wp-tKm-]m-e³ 9. IYbpw Xnc-¡-Ybpw tUm.-BÀ.-hn.-Fw.-Zn-hm-I-c³ 10. ]c-ky-Ie {]tem-̀ -\-̄ nsâ amÀ¤w tUm.-cm-P³ s]cp¶ 11. ae-bmf ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\ Ncn{Xw ]pXp¸Ån cmL-h³ 12. tIcf ]{X-{]-hÀ¯\w kphÀ®m-[ym-b-§Ä Pn.-{]n-b-ZÀi-\³ 13. kaqlw `mjm kmlnXyw C.-Fw.-Fkv. 14. tUmIyp-saâdn kn\na Fw.-Fw.-hÀ¡n 15. Ne-̈ n-{X-̄ nsâ s]mcpÄ hnP-b-Ir-jvW³ 16. kn\n-a-bpsS hgn-bn F.-j-×p-J-Zmkv 17. kn\n-a-bpsS temIw ASqÀ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³ 18. kn\n-abpw kaq-lhpw the-̧ ³.sI 19. ae-ap-I-fn aªp-s]-¿p¶p F.-j-×p-J-Zmkv 20. ImgvN-bpsS ckm-́ -c-§Ä tUm.-Sn.-sI.-k-t´m-jvIp-amÀ 21 am[yaw: auen-I-Xbpw \ncm-I-c-W-hpwþ tUm: F.-Fw. {io[-c³
22. aebmf sSenhnj³ Ncn{Xw 1985 - 2013 tUm. Sn sI kt´mjvIpamÀ
23 Communications Reymond Williams 24. The Major film theories as Introductory Andrew Dudley 25. The Television hand book Patricia Holland 26. Mass Communication in India Keval J Kumar 27. Mass communication Theory Denniesme Qualil 28. Media Analysis Arthur Asa Berger
ska-ÌÀ 3 MAL E 011
Zfn-Xv, ]cn-Øn-Xn, kv{Xo cN-\-IÄ (Dalit, Eco, women writing)
55
A[ym]I³: tUm.inh-Zm-kv.-sI.-sI.
s{IUnäv:4 ae-bm-f kmln-Xy-̄ nse aq¶v {]h-W-X-IÄ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-̄ pI F¶-XmWv Cu t]¸-dnsâ Dt±-iyw. ]cn-Øn-Xn, kv{Xo cN-\-IÄ¡v A´ÀtZ-iob ]Ým-¯-ehpw ZenXv cN-\-IÄ¡v C´y³ ]Ým-¯-e-hp-am-Wp-Å-Xv. Cu aq¶v {]h-W-X-I-fp-sSbpw DÛh kml-N-cy-§Ä, hnIm-kw, anI¨ IrXn-IÄ, Ah-bpsS kmln-tXy-Xc am\-§Ä F¶n-hbpw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ Adn-tb-−-Xp-−v. \½psS `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw P\m-[n-]Xyh¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn kv{Xo, ZenXv cN-\-IÄ hln-¡p¶ ]¦pw {]]© ho£-W-̄ nse amäw \h-km-aq-lym-h-t_m[w F¶nh Ipdn-¡p¶ ]cn-ØnXn cN-\-I-fpsS kz`m-hhpw At\z-jW hnt[-b-am-¡-Ww. ae-bm-f-̄ nsâ kmlnXy kµÀ -̀̄ n Cu {]-h-W-X-I-tfm-SpÅ ho£W t`Z-§Ä, hyXykvX \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ, B`y-́ c hyXn-bm-\-§Ä F¶n-hbpw {i²n-¡-Ww. bqWnäv 1 ZenXv cN-\-IÄ-þ-kmw-kv¡m-cnI kµÀ`w-þ-cq-]hpw `mh-hpw-þ-hy-XykvX kmln-Xy-cq-]-§Ä-þ-A\y `mjm-kzm-[o-\w, Gähpw ]pXnb ZenXv cN-\-IÄ, Ihn-X, t\mh \mSIw XpS-§nb cwK-§Ä {]tXyIw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡-Ww. hni-Z-]-T\-̄ n\v PmXn-¡p½n sI.-]n.-I-dp-̧ ³ N¦vcm´nAS Sn.-sI.-kn.-hSp-Xe I−¡m-Sp-IÄ¡n-S-bn Fsâ PohnXw s]m¡p-S³ sIm -̈tc¯n \mcm-b³ bqWnäv 2 aän-́ y³ `mj-I-fn \n¶v ae-bm-f-̄ n {]N-cn-¡p¶ ZenXv IrXn-IÄ-þ-km-am\y [mcW hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v Fcpa-tZ-io-bXþIm© sFe¿ (hnh: Fkv. kRvPo-hv) A¡Àamjn ic¬Ip-amÀ enw_mse (hnh: Zmtam-Z-c³ Imfn-b-̄ v) bqWnäv 3 ae-bmf Ihn-X, IY F¶o cwK-§-fn kv{XoIÄ \S-̄ nb cN-\-Isf kmam-\y-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡pI F¶-XmWv Cu bqWn-änsâ e£yw. t\mhÂ, \mS-Iw, Bß-IY XpS-§nb taJ-e-I-fnse cN-\-IÄ IqSn hnZymÀ°n-IÄ Adn-ªn-cn-¡-Ww. hni-Z-]-T\w Ihn-X- kpK-X-Ip-amcn s]¬Ipªv 90 hnP-b-e£van X¨sâ aIÄ tdmkvtacn th\-en Hcp ]pg hn.-Fw.-Kn-cnP Poh-Pew A\nX X¼n tII-bn Hcp Xoh−n IY: am[hn¡p«n tImemSv t{Kkn ]Sn-bn-d-§n-t¸mb ]mÀÆXn kmdm-tPm-k^v XmbvIpew Cµp-ta-t\m³ lnµp-Om-b-bpÅ apÉnw ]pcp-j³ knXmc.F-kv. Aán
56
bqWnäv 4 \ncq-]W cwK¯v kv{Xn km¶n-[y-̄ nsâ kmam\y ]cn-Nbw Cu bqWn-än Dt±-in-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v Fw. eoem-h-Xn-þ-A-̧ p-hnsâ At\z-jWw ]n.-KoX, tZhZq-Xn-IÄ amªp-t]m-hXv bqWnäv 5 ]cn-Øn-Xn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v D−mb \hm-h-t_m-[s¯ hyà-am-¡p¶ IY, Ihn-X, t\mhÂ, \ncq-]Ww XpS-§n-bh kmam-\y-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. AtXm-sSm¸w CXn-¶m-[m-c-amb ssk²m-́ nI Pm{KX IqSn Xncn-̈ -dn-tb-−-Xm-Wv. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v
1. Iptª ape¸m IpSn¡cpXv IS½\n« 2. Nq−phnc aS§p¶p ]n kptc{µ³ 3. F³aIsP Aw_nImkpX³ am§mSv 4. ]cnØnXn kuµcyimkv{Xw cmjv{SobZÀi\ambn þ hn kn lmcnkv
d^-d³kv 1. ZenXv kmlnXyw Ihn-bqÀ apcfn 2. asämcp PohnXw km[y-amWv sI.-sI.-_m-_p-cmPv 3. hmb-\-bpsS ZenXv ]mTw sI.-sI.-sIm¨v 4. ZfnX ]mX-IÄ FUn:-t_m_n tXmakv 5. ZenXv kzXzw, cm{ãobw tUm.-{]-Zo-]³ ]m¼n-cn-¡p¶v 6. Rm³ F´p-sIm−v lnµp-hà Im© sFe¿., hnh: Fkv.-k-RvPohv 7. tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan ]pd-̄ n-d-¡nb ZenXv Bß-I-Y-IÄ 8. kv{XohmZw sP.-tZ-hnI 9. kmlnXy \ncq-]-W-¯nse Znim-t_m[w Fw.-eo-em-hXn 10. kv{Xo, kzXzw, kaq-lw, am[-hn-¡p«n ]T-\-§Ä FUn: C.-hn. cma-Ir-jvW³ 11. s^an-\nkw (1), (2) tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v 12. kv{Xohn-tam-N\wþ Ncn-{Xw, kn²m-́ w, kao-]\w G.-sI.-cm-a-Ir-jvW³, sI.-Fw.-tKm-]m-e-Ir-jvW³ 13. tIc-f-̄ nse kv{Xo ap-t¶-ä-§-fpsS Ncn{Xw kn.-F-kv.-N-{µnI 14. I®m-Sn-IÄ DS-bv¡p-¶-sX-́ n\v KoX 15. B[p-\nI Ihn-X-bnse kv{Xo {]Xn-\n-[m-\-§Ä KoX 16. tIcfw ssewKn-IX enwK-\oXn FUn: -sI.-Fw.-th-Wp-tKm-]m-e³ 17. lcnX \ncq-]Ww ae-bm-f-̄ n Pn.-a-[p-kq-Z-\³ 18. ]cn-ØnXn Ihn-X-IÄ P\. FUn: Fkv. cmP-ti-J-c³ 19. ]cn-ØnXn Ihn-XIÄs¡mcmapJw ]n.-]n.-sI.-s]m-Xp-hmÄ 20. hmÄU³ tXmtdm 21. IYbpw ]cn-Øn-Xnbpw Pn.-a-[p-kq-Z-\³ 22. Ct¡m-s -̂an-\n-kw, Ct¡m-Sq-dn-kw, amÀIvknkw F³.-Fw.-]n-tb-gvk¬ 23. Imhp-Xo-−tà kpK-X-Ip-amcn
57
24. ac-¡m-̧ nse sX¿-§Ä Aw_n-Im-kp-X³ am§mSv 25. JmÂk-bpsS Pe-kvarXn Bjm-ta-t\m³ 26. Ccp-«nse I®mSn sI.-sI. _m_p-cmPv 27. `mhpIXzw Ccp]s¯m¶mw \qäm−n Pn a[pkqZ\³ 28. ]cnØnXn kuµcyimkv{X¯n\v HcmapJw Sn ]n kpIpamc³
ska-ÌÀ 3 MAL 3E 012
{]apJ Fgp-̄ p-Im-c³ þ sI.-]n.-A-¸³ Eminent Writer - K.P.Appan
A[ym]nI: tUm.doP.hn s{IUnäv 4 aebmf \ncq-]-Ws¯ kÀ¤m-ß-I-am-¡nb sI.-]n.-A-̧ sâ \ncq-]-W-tem-Is¯ ASp-̄ -dn-bm-\pÅ {ia-amWv Cu tImgvkn-eqsS \S-̄ p-¶-Xv. \ncq-]-W-̄ n\v ]pXnb cq]hpw `mhhpw \ÂIn A\-\y-amb \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ kzoI-cn¨ hyàn-Xz-amWv sI.-]n.-A-̧ -tâ-Xv. \ncq-]-I-s\-¡p-dn¨pw Fgp-̄ p-Im-csâ kzmX-́ y-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw auen-I-amb A`n-{]m-b-§Ä tcJ-s¸-Sp-̄ nb sI.-]n.-A-̧ sâ cN\m aWvU-es¯ hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w hnaÀi-Is\ hnaÀin-¡p¶ ]T-\-§Ä ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-I-sb-¶Xpw tImgvknsâ `mK-am-Wv. bqWnäv 1 sI.-]n.-A-̧ sâ Poh-N-cn-{X-tc-J, hnaÀi-\-¯nsâ kÀ¤m-ß-IX t_m[y-am-¡nb Fgp-̄ v. bqWnäv 2 hnaÀi-\-̄ nsâ {]mcw-̀ -L-«w, {it²-b-amb IrXn-IÄ hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. t£m`n-¡p-¶-h-cpsS kphn-tijw 2. Xnc-kvImcw bqWnäv 3 t\mh hnaÀi-\-§Ä, IYm-]-T-\-§Ä hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. amdp¶ ae-bmf t\mh 2. IY: BJym-\hpw A\p-̀ -h-k-̄ bpw bqWnäv 4 eLq-]-\ym-k-§Ä, D¯-cm-[p-\n-IXbpsS kuµ-cy-imkv{Xw hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v D¯-cm-[p-\n-IX hÀ¯-am-\-hpw, hwim-h-enbpw bqWnäv 5 Bß-IY, Bßo-bX hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. X\n-̈ n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ HmÀ½n-¡p-¶Xv
58
2. a[p-cw \nsâ PohnXw klm-b-I-{K-Ù-§Ä 1. sI.-]n.-A-̧ sâ sXc-sª-Sp¯ IrXn-IÄ, 3 hmeyw-þ- l-cn-Xw _pIvkv 2. B[p-\nI ae-bmf kmlnXy Ncn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-eqsS FUn: sI.-Fw. tPmÀÖv 3. B[p-\n-tIm-̄ -c-X-bpsS tIc-fob ]cn-kcw tUm: ]n.-sI. t]m¡À 4. B[p-\n-Im-\-́ cw tUm: ]n.-]n. cho-{µ³ 5. hniz-km-ln-Xy-ZÀi-\-§Ä s\Ãn-¡Â apc-fo-[-c³ 6. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-hn-aÀi\w kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv 7. sI.-]n. A -̧s\-I−v kwkm-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Nm¯-¶qÀ taml³ 8. The New criticism J.C. Ransom
9. The Theory Criticism Ed: Roman Selden
10. Principles of Literary Criticism I.A. Richards
11. Literary Criticism Wimsat and Cleant
Brooks
ska-ÌÀ 3 MAL 3E 013
{]apJ Fgp-̄ p-Im-c³: tImhn-e³ (Eminent Writer-Kovilan)
A[ym]I³: tUm.inh-Zm-kv.-sI.-sI. s{IUnäv:4 ae-bm-f t\mh-ensâ BJym-\-̄ nepw kuµ-cym-ß-I-X-bnepw thdn-s«mcp `qanbpw BIm-ihpw krjvSn¨ Fgp-̄ p-Im-c-\mWv tImhn-e³. sNdp-I-Y-bnepw anI¨ kw`m-h-\-IÄ At±lw \ÂIn-bn-«p-−v. {Zmhn-Uhpw Iogm-f-hp-amb Cg-I-fm sa\sª-Sp-¡-s¸« Icp-̄ nsâ kÀ¤m-ß-I-X-bmWv tImhn-e³ kmln-Xyw. \nXy-Po-hn-X-̄ nsâ k¦oÀ®-amb AS-cp-I-fpÅ C´y³ Ah-Øsb Xsâ khn-ti-j-amb Úm\-im-kv{X-̄ nsâ ]n³_-e-̄ n tImhn-e³ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶p. hyàn-tI-{µo-Ir-X-amb PohnX ho£Ww Ah-X-cn-̧ n¨ BJym-\-§-sfbpw kmlnXy {]Øm-\-§-sfbpw ae-bmf kmln-Xy-̄ n t\cn-«-Xnsâ sshP-b-́ n-bmWv B Úm\-im-kv{Xw. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-̄ nsâ ka-Im-enIXbn tImhn-esâ km¶n[yw AXns\ al-̄ -c-am-¡p-¶p.tImhn-esâ cN\m {]]-©s¯ ASp-̄ -dn-bp¶tXmsSm¸w tImhn-e-s\-¡p-dn-̈ pÅ ]T-\-§Ä hne-bn-cp-̄ pI F¶Xpw Cu t]¸-dnsâ `mK-ambn hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v sN¿m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. bqWnäv 1 tImhn-esâ PohnX ]Ým-̄ -ew, At±-l-̄ nsâ kmln-Xy, kmln-tXy-Xc ho£-W-§Ä, temI ho£Ww F¶nh hne-bn-cp-̄ p¶p Cu bqWn-än \mSIw,
59
D]-\ymkw F¶o taJ-e-I-fn tImhn-e³ \S-̄ nb CS-s]-S-ep-IÄþ kmam-\y-]-cn-N-bw. bqWnäv 2 tImhn-esâ sNdp-I-Y-I-fmWv Cu bqWn-än ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xv. Ah-bpsS kwth-Z-\-̄ nse \ho-\-Xbpw B`y-́ -c-amb sshhn-[yhpw hyXn-bm-\-§fpw Cu bqWnäv NÀ¨ sN¿p-¶p. ]«m-f-¡-Y-IÄ Hgn-̈ p-Åh ]Tn-̈ m aXn-bm-Ipw. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. Hcp IjWw AØn 2. d 3. kpPmX bqWnäv 3 ]«mf t\mh-ep-IÄ, IY-IÄ. tImhn-e³ ]«m-f-¡m-cpsS PohnXw Bhn-jv¡-cn--̈Xnsâ ]cn-Nbw Cu bqWn-än Dt±-in-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1) t\mhÂ: XmgvhcIÄ 2) sNdp-IY: ac-W-an-Ãm¯ a\p-jy³ bqWnäv 4 t\mh ]T-\-amWv Cu bqWnänepw ASp¯ bqWn-änepw Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. kt¦-X-̄ nsâ \ho-\-Xbpw Imhym-ßI `mjbpw sIm−v `{Z-inev]w krjvSn v̈ ae-bmf t\mh- kmln-Xys¯ tImhn-e³ hnkva-bn-̧ n-̈ -Xnsâ km£y-amWv tXmä-§Ä. Cu IrXn-bpsS hni-Z-]-T\w bqWnäv e£y-an-Sp-¶p. bqWnäv 5 t\mh B[p-\nI kaq-l-̄ nsâ CXn-lm-k-am-hp-¶-tXm-sSm¸w {]mtZ-inI kaq-l-§-fpsS AXn-Po-h-\-̄ n-sâbpw \ne-\n-ev̧ n-sâbpw km£y-am-Wv. tImf-\n-b-\-´c L«-̄ n t\mh-ep-IÄ C¡mcyw Dd-̧ n-¡p-¶p. kmaqly Pohn-X-̄ nse AS-cp-Isf ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn¨ X«Iw F¶ t\mh-ensâ hni-Z-]-T\w Cu bqWnäv e£y-am-¡p-¶p. d^-d³kv 1. t\mh kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw sI.-Fw.-X-c-I³ 2. t\mh {]Øm\w Fw.-]n.-t]mÄ 3. sNdp-IY C¶se C¶v Fw.-A-Nyp-X³ 4. sNdp-IYm kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw Fw.-Fw.-_-joÀ 5. {]Xn-̀ m-\-]Yw Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c³ 6. Bß-̀ m-h-§Ä Pzme ]mT-t`Zw Acn-b-¶qÀ 7. hwi-s¸-cp-a-þ-tIm-hn-e³ Iebpw Pohn-Xhpw FUn:F.-Sn. taml³cmPv 8. tImhn-e³ ]n. DZ-b-̀ m\p 9. tImhn-esâ hgn-IÄ Fkv. \ko_v 10. tImhn-e³ F¶ XYm-K-X³ k¼m: kn. D®n-Ir-jvW³ 11. tImhn-e³ Fsâ AÑmѳþtUmIyp-saâdn Xnc-¡Y Fw.-F.-dlvam³ 12. {KÙm-tem-Iw-þ-amÀ¨v 2002 13. \nsâ hnizmkw \ns¶ s]mdp-̧ n¡pw tImhn-e³
60
14. IYbpw IY-Ifpw tImhn-e³ 15. tImhn-esâ teJ-\-§Ä tImhn-e³ ska-ÌÀ 3
MAL 3E 014 {]apJ Fgp-̄ p-Im-c³: k¡-dnb
((((Eminent Writer - Sakkaria))))
s{IUnäv: 4 A[ym-]-I³: tUm. inh-Zm-kv. sI.sI ae-bm-fn-bpsS _u²nI Pohn-Xs¯ ^n£-\n-eq-sSbpw teJ-\-§-fn-eq-sSbpw \nc-´cw hnaÀin¨ Fgp-̄ p-Im-c-\mWv k¡-dn-b. aXhpw cmjv{So-bhpw A[n-Im-chpw At±-l-̄ nsâ IY-I-fn {]iv\-h¡-cn-¡-s -̧Sp-¶p. Im¸-\nI hncp-²-amb Hcp `mj AXn-\mbn At±lw kzoI-cn-̈ p. ]cn-lm-khpw Bß-\n-µbpw \À½Xzhpw At±-l-̄ nâ cN-\-Isf anI-hpä kmt¦-XnI cq]-§-fm-¡p-¶-Xn {][m-\-]¦v hln-¡p-¶p. B[p-\nI kmln-Xy-̄ n thdn-s«mcp `mhp-IXzw krjvSn¨ k¡-dn-b-bpsS cN-\m-tem-Is¯ ASp-̄ -dn-bp-I-bmWv Cu t] -̧dnsâ Dt±-iyw. hnZymÀ°n-I-fn hnaÀi-\m-h-t_m-[hpw kXym-t\z-j-W-Xz-cbpw D−m-¡pI F¶ e£yhpw AXn-\p-−v. hyXykvX bqWn-äp-I-fn-embn k¡-dn-b-bpsS cN-\-IÄ hn\y-kn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. bqWnäv 1 k¡-dn-b-bpsS IY-IÄ Hcn-S-̄ v, Hcp \{kmWn bphmhpw Kufn-im-kv{Xhpw, BÀ¡dnbmw, kemw Ata-cn-¡, I®mSn Imt×m-fhpw, I\ym-Ip-amcn XpS-§nb k¡-dn-b-bpsS IYm-k-am-lm-c-§-fn \n¶v sXc-sª-Sp¯ 10 IY-I-fpsS ]T-\-amWv Cu bqWn-änsâ Dt±-iyw. bqWnäv 2 k¡-dn-b-bpsS t\mh-ep-IÄ ss{]kv Zn temUv, CXm-sWsâ t]cv, CjvSn-Ibpw Bim-cnbpw XpS§n k¡-dn-b-bpsS FÃm t\mh-ep-I-fp-sSbpw kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw bqWn-änsâ Dt±-iy-am-Wv. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. `mkvI-c-]-t«-ecpw Fsâ Pohn-Xhpw 2. F´p−p hntijw ]nem-t¯mtk bqWnäv 3 k¡-dn-b-bpsS teJ-\-§Ä k¡-dn-b-bpsS FÃm teJ-\-k-am-lm-c-§sf¡pdn¨pw kmam-\y-amb Ah-t_m[w BÀPn-¡pI F¶-XmWv bqWn-änsâ Dt±-iyw. hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v 1. _p²n-Po-hn-I-sf-s¡m−v F´p {]tbm-P\w 2. amXm Aar-Xm-\-µ-abn `mKyh-Xnbpw \nÀ`m-Ky-h-Xnbpw bqWnäv 4 k¡-dn-b-bpsS Xnc-¡Y hni-Z-]-T-\-̄ n\v : tPmk^v Hcp ]ptcm-ln-X³ bqWnäv 5 k¡-dn-b-bpsS bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw
61
hni-Z-]-T\w : _w_w! lc lc t_m d -̂d³kv 1. ae-bmf sNdp-IYm kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw 1950þ2007 þ tUm. Fw.-Fw. _joÀ 2. B[p-\n-Im-\-́ c ae-bmf t\mh þ sI.-]n. ctajv 3. ae-bmf t\mh Ncn{Xw þ sI.-Fw. Xc-I³ 4. IY-bpsS \qäm−v `mKw 2 þ P\.-F-Un.-Fw.-F³. hnP-b³ 5. IYm-́ cw þ kn.-BÀ. kp[okv 6. sNdp-I-Y-bpsS Oµkv þ hn. cmP-Ir-jvW³ 7. IY-bpsS \yq¢n-bkv þ hÕ-e³ hmXp-tÈcn 8. IYbpw `mhp-IXz ]cn-Wm-ahpw þ Pn. a[p-kq-Z-\³ 9. Hä-¡-Ym-]-T-\-§Ä þ hn.-B-À. kp[ojv 10. Bân-ss{IÌv þ \otj hn.-h.-bp.-BÀ. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³ 11. hmb-\-bpsS Zen-Xv]mTw þ sI.-sI. sIm¨v 12. 500 hÀjs¯ tIcfw Nne Adn-hSbmf-§Ä FUn-tä-gvkvþ ]n.-sP. hÀ¤o-kv, tUm: F³. hnP-b-tam-l-\³ ]nÅ 13. PmXn-hy-h-Øn-Xnbpw tIc-f-N-cn-{Xhpw þ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW³ 14. \thm-°m\ kwkvImcw tIc-f-̄ n FUn-äÀ þ tUm: ]n.-hn. them-bp-[³]nÅ 15. ImgvN-bpsS tImbva þ Sn.-sI. cma-N-{µ³ 16. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw \qäm-−p-I-fn-eqsS A©mw `mKwþ FUn-äÀþ s{]m^. ]ß\ cma-N-{µ³ \mbÀ
**************
62
H¶mw ska-ÌÀ Fw.F ae-bmfw (kn.-kn.-F-kv.-F-kv) ]co£ 2016 P\p-hcn
MALAYALAM LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
PAPER-1; MAL1COO1
{]mNo\-a[yIme -km-ln-Xyw
ka-bw: 3 aWn-¡qÀ amÀ¡v : 60
c−p-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX D¯cw FgpXpI. (5 x 4 = 20)
1 (F) kµÀ`hpw Bi-bhpw hy-à-am-¡pI.
“Xmt\gw kmK-c-X-s\bpw X\n-sb-dp-¼p-®p-h-Xm-\-N-cn-t]mse” AsÃ-¦nÂ
(_n) cma-I-Y-̧ m-«ns\ Hcp P\-Io-b-Km-\-Im-hyw F¶ \ne-bn hne-bn-cp-¯pI ? 2 (F) kµÀ`hpw kmc-k-yhpw hy-à-am-¡p-I.
“Nc-a-Kn-cn-in-cÊn chnbpw {]th-in-̈ nXp
Nmcp-e-¦m-tKm-]p-cmt{K I]o{µ\pw ”
AsÃ-¦n (_n) Ip©³\-¼-ym-cpsS ^en-X-]-cn-lm-kssh`hw
‘tLmj-bm-{X-’ Xp-Å-ens\ Bkv]-Z-am¡n hnh-cn-¡p-I.
3 (F) Hcp D -̄a-`m-h-KoXw F¶ \ne-bn *sN-dnb-̈ nsb hne-bncp¯pI’?
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(_n) tIc-f-N-cn-{X-\nÀ½nXnbpambn _Ô-s¸«v \v ‘D®p-\o-en-ktµiw’ \ÂIp¶ hnes¸« hkvXp-X-IÄ t{ImUo-I-cn-¡p-I ?
4 (F) kµÀ`hpw Bi-bhpw hy-à-am-¡pI.
‘kv{XoWmw t{]aw bZp- -̄tcm-̄ cw KpW-{Km-a-kv]-r-lm-N-©-ew. ’
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(_n) \fN-cnXw B«-¡-Ysb ae-bm-f-¯nse imIp-́ fw F¶p hnti-jn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ HuNn-Xyw
]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I ?
63
5. (F) imk-\-`mj ae-bm-f-amtWm ? kz-aXw Øm]n¡pI ?
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(_n) anj-W-dn-K-Z-y-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ DZ-bw-t]-cqÀ kq-\-ltZm-knse Imt\m-\-Isf Bkv]-Z-am¡n hnh-cn-¡p-I.
\mep-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX D¯cw FgpXpI. (5 x 8 = 40)
6. (F) ]m«p`mj-bpsS {I-an-I-amb hnImkw ]mT`mK§sf Bkv]-Z-am¡n hnh-cn-¡p-I ?
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(_n) ]m«p{]-Øm-\-¯nse thdn-«-I-rXnbmWv ‘Xncp-\n-gÂame’ þ kaÀ°n-¡pI ?
------ -- --- -- --- -- --- -- - 7. (F) `àn-bpsS {Ian-I--amb hnImkw ]mT-̀ m-Ks¯ Bkv]-Z-am¡n hnh-cn-¡p-I.
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(_n) hm\{]-Øm-\-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ ‘Úm-\-̧ m-\’sb Bkv]-Z-am¡n hni-I-e\w sN¿pI ? 8. (F) {]mNo-\-a-[-y-Im-e-N-¼p-¡Ä X½n-epÅ kmPm-X-y-ssh-Pm-X-y-§Ä Is−¯n FgpXpI ?
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(_n) Hcp lmk-y-I-h\w F¶ \ne-bn ‘Nt{µmÕh’ s¯ hne-bn-cp-¯pI
9. (F) B«¡Ymkm-ln-X-y-̄ n\v tIm«-b-¯p-X-¼p-cm³ \evInb kw`m-h-\-IÄ hne-bn-cp-̄ pI ?
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(_n) hÀ®\-m-h-k-\-§Ä Xq¡n-bn-Sp-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ab-t¡m-emWv N¼p-¡-fnse KZyw þ cmam-bWw
N¼p-hns\ Bkv]-Z-am¡n hne-bncp¯pI ?
10. (F) ae-bm-f-K-Z-y-¯nsâ {Iao-I-amb hnImkw AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯pI ?
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(_n) `mjmIuSeo-b-̄ nsâ `mjm-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-IÄ hne-bn-cp-¯pI.
64
First Semester M.A. Malayalam CCSS Examination January 2016
Paper MAL1C 002 Modern Literature
Marks: 60 Time : 3 hrs
hn`mKw I
c−p-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX D¯cw FgpXpI. Hmtcm tNmZ-y-¯n\pw \mep-amÀ¡v hoXw (5 x4=20)
1 A) kµÀ`hpw Bi-bhpw hy-à-am-¡pI.
‘`mhn-sbmcp `qX-ambv t\m¡p-¶p-j-Ênsâ \oXn-IY, boW-anþ
«mcp−p tIÄ¡phm³’
OR
B)Fkv.-tPm-k-̂ nsâ ]nd-¶-ho-Sv, hoSn-s\-¡p-dn¨v Fgp-X-s¸« CX-c-a-e-bm-f-I-hn-X-I-fn \n¶v hy- Xy-kvX-am-hp-¶-sX§s\?
2 A) F³.Fkv. am[-hsâ ‘Xncp v̄’ Hcp cmjv{So-b-I-Y-bm-hp-¶-sX§s\?
OR
B) Bt£]lm-k-y-amWv Hcp \{kmWn-bp-hm-hpw Kufn-im-kv{Xhpw F¶ IY-bpsS Poh³ þ
hyà-am-¡pI.
3 A) acp-`q-an-bpsS h\yX BSp-Po-hn-X¯n Bhn-jvI-cn-¡-s -̧«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv F§s\ ?
OR
B) km£n F¶ ioÀj-I-̄ n\v B t\mh-ense ZÀi-\-hp-am-bpÅ _Ô-sa´v ?
4 A) e¦m-e-£van-bnse cmh-W³ Zpc-́ -\m-b-Isâ kz-̀ m-h-apff IYm-]m-{X-amtWm ?
OR
B) te_À dqw kwLÀj (conflict)¯nsâ km¶n-²-y-an-Ãm¯ \mSIamtWm ?
5 A) kz-c-t -̀Z-§Ä ‘hnP-bn¨ kv{XobpsS Bß-IY’ F¶ kzcw (tone) DÄs¡m Åp-¶-sX§s\?
65
B) tIs«-gp-̄ nsâ iàn ZuÀ_-e-y-§Ä PohnXw ]mSp¶ {Kma-t^m-Wn {]Xn-̂ -en-¡p-¶-sX§s\ ?
hn`mKw II
\mep-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX D¯cw FgpXpI. Hmtcm tNmZ-y-¯n\pw F«p-amÀ¡v hoXw (5 x 8=40)
6 A) BäqÀ Ihn-X-I-fnse `mjm-]-chpw cmjv{So-b-]-c-hp-amb \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ kw-{I-a-W-s¯-¡qSn DÄs¸-Sp¯n hne-bn-cp-¯p-I.
OR
B) sI.Pn. i¦-c-̧ n-Å-bpsS Ihn-XI-fn tZiw Bhn-jvIr-X-am-hp-¶-Xnsâ kz-̀ m-h-sa´v ?
7 A) UÂln 1981 {]h-N-\-k-z-̀ m-h-apÅ IY-bmbn amdp-¶-sX§s\?
OR
B) CÑbpw Za-\hpw ‘\jvS-s¸« \oemw-_cn’ F¶ IY-bpsS ASn-̧ -S-hm-Ip-¶Xv F§s\ ?
8 A) acp-`q-an-IÄ D−m-Ip-¶Xv F¶ t\mh-ense ZÀi-\-sa´v ?
OR
B) Jkm-¡nsâ CXn-lm-k-̄ nse `mj-bpsS _lp-e-Xsb A]-{K-Yn-¡p-I
9 A) X\-Xp-\m-SIw F¶ \ne-bn Ah--\-h³I-S-¼sb hne-bn-cp-¯pI ?
OR
B) kv{Xo Fgp-̄ n-sâbpw Ac-§n-sâbpw km²-y-X-IÄ te_Àdqw \mSI -̄n D]-tbm-Kn¡-s¸-
«n«pt−m? kzm-̀ n-{]mbw kw{K-ln-¡pI ?
10 A)bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-¯nsâ cq]-]-c-amb ]cn-an-Xnsb _p²-]Yw adn-I-S¶v Hcp cmjvvvv -{Sob hy-h-
lm-c-ambn amdp-¶-sX§s\ ?
OR
B) Xnc-¡-Y-bpsS kmt¦XnI-Xbpw kuµ-c-yhpw Sn.-Un. Zmk³ Ìm³tUÀUv 6 B bn ka-\-z-bn-
66
¡p-¶-sX§s\ ?
1st Semester M.A. Malayalam CCSS Examination January 2016
Choice Based Credit Semester System
Malayalam Language and Literature
MAL1C -004 `mjmimkv{Xw
Time : 3 hrs Marks: 60
hn`mKw I
c−p-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX D¯cw FgpXpI. (5 x 4=20)
1 A) `mtjm-Û-h-s -̄¡p-dn-̈ pÅ hnhn-[kn-²m-́ -§Ä NÀ -̈sN-¿pI ?
OR
B) “XnI¨pw am\p-jn-I-amb kn²n-bmWv `mj” F¶ A`n-{]mbw icn-bmtWm F¶v ]cn-tim-
[n-¡pI ?
2 A) eo\-[-z-\n-IÄ Fs´¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡pI ?
OR
B) {]Ir-Xn, {]X-y-bw, cq]-kn²n Ch Fs´¶v hy-à-am-¡pI ?
3 A) k¶n-ln-X-L-S-Im-]-{K-Y\w Fs´¶v hni-Zam-¡pI ?
OR
B) cN\m´-c-W-{]-P-\-I-h-ym-I-cWw þ Ipdn-s -̧gpI ?
4 A) “kwkv¡mc-hp-ambn `mjbv¡v At -̀Z-y-amb _Ô-ap−v” F¶ {]kvXm-h\ icntbm F¶v
]cn-tim-[n-¡pI ?
OR
B) `mjm-t -̀Z-§-fpsS Imc-W-§Ä hni-ZoI-cn-¡pI ?
5 A) C´y Hcp `mjm-t£{Xw BsW¶v apssd-F-at\m kaÀ°n-¡p-¶-sX§s\ ?
67
OR
B) Xcw-K-kn-²m-́ w, IpSpw-_-h-r£kn-²m´w Ch hni-Zo-I-cn-¡pI ?
\mep-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX D¯cw FgpXpI. Hmtcm tNmZ-y-¯n\pw F«p-amÀ¡v hoXw (5 x 8=40)
6 A) B\p-hw-in-Ihpw I£-ym-]-c-hp-amb `mjm-hn-̀ -P-\-s -̄¡p-dn¨v D]-\-y-kn-¡pI ?
OR
B) inip-`m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-s -̄¡p-dn-̈ pÅ hnhn[ ImgvN-̧ m-Sp-IÄ AhXcn-̧ n-¡pI?
7 A) kz-\w,-k-z-\n-aw, D]-k-z\w Ch \nÀÆ-Nn¨v hz-X-ykvX kz-\-h-y-\-ym-k {Ia-§Ä hni-Zo-I-cn-
¡pI ?
OR
B) D¨m-c-W-h-y-Xn-bm-\-§-fpambn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯n-k-z-c-§-sfbpw hy-RvP-\-§-sfbpw F§s\
hÀ¤oIcn¡mw? þ D]-\-y-kn-¡pI.
8 A) B[p-\nI `mjm-im-kv{X-¯nse LS-\m-ß-I-k-ao-]-\-coXn Fs´¶v hni-Zam-¡pI ?
OR
B) t\mw tNmkv¡n-bpsS `mjm-imkv{X kn²m-́ -§-sf-¡p-dn¨v D]-\-y-kn-¡pI ?
9 A) `mjmt`Z-`q-]Sw F´v ? tI{µtaJ-e, Ah-in-jvS- taJ-e, kw{I-aW taJ-e Ch hni-Zo-I-
cn-¡pI ?
OR
B) am\-I-̀ m-j, `mjm-t`Zw Ch hni-Zo-I-cn¨v aebmf `mj-bnse `mjm-t`-Z-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v Hcp
D]\ymkw X¿m-dm-¡pI ?
10 A) `mjm-]-cn-Wm-a-co-Xn-IÄ, `mjm-]-cn-Wm-a-tl-Xp-¡Ä Ch hnh-cn-¡pI ?
OR
B) kaq-l-¯nse A[n-Im-c-h-y-h-lm-c-§Ä `mjsb kzm-[o-\n-¡p-Itbm cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-Itbm
68
sN¿p¶Xn hln-¡p¶ ]¦v NÀ¨ sN¿pI ?
III SEMESTER M. A. MALAYALAM CCSS EXAMINATION JANUARY 2017
Choice based credit semester system
Malayalam Language and literature
MAL 3C – 003 kmlnXyNcn{X hnÚm-\obw
Time : 3 hours Marks : 60
hn`mKw : 1
H¶p- ap-X A©p-h-sc-bpÅ tNmZy-§Ä¡v 2 ]pd-̄ n Ihn-bmsX D -̄c-sa-gp-XpI.
(5 x 4 = 20)
1 (a) kmlnXy Ncn-{Xt¯msSm¸w tZi Ncn-{Xhpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-t¡-−Xv kmlnXy Ncn{X {KÙ-§-fn Bh-iy-amtWm? ]cn-tim-[n-¡pI.
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(b) kmlnXy Ncn-{X cN\m kma-{KnIÄ Fs -́Ãm-sa¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡pI.
2 (a) “IrXn-IfpsS IÀ¯r-Xzhpw Ime-hpambn _Ô-s -̧«p-sIm−v ]n. -tKm-hn-µ-̧ n-
Å-bpsS ‘ae-bmf `mjm Ncn-{X-’¯n ]e ]ng-hp-Ifpw ImWmw” þ ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(b) “kmlnXy kw_-Ô-amb {]mY-an-I-Úm\w am{Xw ]IÀ¶p \ÂIp-s¶mcp
Nq−p-]-e-I-bmWv F³. IrjvW-]n-Å-bpsS ssIc-fn-bpsS IY” þ hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-ambn hne-bn-cp-̄ p-I.
3 (a) “\mSIkmln-Xy-̄ nsâ Ncn{Xw tIhew kmln-Xy-Ncn{Xsa¶ \ne-bn am{Xw ImWmsX \mS-Im-h-X-cW Ncn-{X-hp-ambn Iq«n-bn-W¡n Ah-X-cn-̧ n-
¡m³ Pn. i¦c¸nÅbv¡v Ign-ªn-«p-−v” þ ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(b) kmlnXyNcn-{Xs¯ kwkvImc Ncn-{X-ambn ImWm-\mWv Xm³ {ian-̈ n-«p-Å-sX¶ tUm: sI. Fw. Xc-Isâ {]kvXm-h\ t\mh kmlnXy Ncn-{Xs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v F{X-t¯mfw icn-bmWv? hne-bn-cp-̄ pI.
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4 (a) “k¼qÀW kmlnXy Ncn-{X-§Ä Nne {]tXyI {]kv-Ym-\-§Ät¡m
kmlnXy imJ-IÄt¡m IqSp-XÂ {]m[m\yw sImSp-¡p-¶p−v” þ ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(b) {]mNo-\w, a[yw, B[p-\nIw F¶ L« hn`-P\w ]n. i¦-c³ \¼ymÀ ‘ae-
bmf kmlnXy Ncn{X kw{K-l’-̄ n kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ HuNnXyw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.
5 (a) “{KÙ-Imc Ncn-{X-¯n \n¶v kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn-{X-ambn hnI-kn-¡m³ ]nevIme kmlnXyNcn-{X-§Ä¡v Ign-ªn-«pt−m F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡pI.
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(b) ]nevIme kmlnXyNcn-{X-§Ä B[p-\n-Im-\-́ c kwhm-Z-§sf tcJ-s -̧Sp-¯p¶sX§s\ F¶v hne-bn-cp-̄ pI.
hn`mKw : 2
6 (a) kmlnXyNcn{X cN-\-bpsS e£y-§fpw t{]c-W-Ifpw DZm-l-c-W-§sf ap³\nÀ¯n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡pI.
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(b) `mj-bpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-§sf¡pdn-̈ pÅ \nK-a-\-§Ä hnhn[ kmlnXy Ncn-{X-§-fn Ah-X-cn -¸n -¡p-¶-sX-§-s\-sb¶v hnaÀi-\m -ß-I-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡pI.
7 (a) “DÅq-cnsâ asä-Ãm-Ir-Xn-Ifpw ae-bmfw hnkva-cn-̈ mepw kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw
Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-ambn \ne-sImÅpw” þ tIcf kmlnXy Ncn-{X-̄ nsâ KpWtZmj-§Ä NÀ -̈sN-¿pI.
AsÃ-¦nÂ
(b) ae-bm-f-̄ nse BZy kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-sa¶ \ne-bn ]n. -tKm-hn-µ-̧ n-Å-bpsS
‘ae-bmf `mjm Ncn-{X-’¯nsâ {]m[m-\y-hpw-]-cn-an-Xn-Ifpw NÀ¨ sN¿pI.
70
8 (a) Hmtcm kmln-Xy-hn-`m-K-§Ä¡pw {]tXy-I-am-bp-−m-Ip¶ kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X§Ä¡v AXXv kmlnXy hn`m-K-§sf IqSp-X Bg-̄ nepw ]c-̧ nepw Ah-X-cn-̧ n-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶pt−m? ]cn-tim-[n-¡pI.
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(b) kmlnXy hn`m-K§sf {]Øm-\-hÂI-cn-̈ -t¸mÄ ‘kmlnXyNcn-{Xw {]Øm-\-
§-fn-eqsS-’, ‘B[p-\nI kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-eqsS’ F¶o kmln-Xy Ncn{X {KÙ-§Ä t\cn« {]Xn-k-Ôn-Ifpw Ahsb ad-I-S¶ coXn-Ifpw NÀ -̈sN-¿pI.
9 (a) hkvXp-X-I-fà Ah-bpsS hymJym-\-§-fmWv Ncn{Xw F¶ hmZw kmlnXy Ncn-{X-§sf kw_-Ôn¨pw _m[-I-amtWm F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡pI.
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(b) “Ncn-{X-Im-c\pw hnaÀi-I\pw `mjm imkv{X-Im-c\pw Hcp-an¨p tNcp-t¼m-
gmWv \à kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-§-fp-−m-Ip-¶Xv” þ Cu {]kvXm-h-\sb ap³\nÀ¯n kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-§-fpsS ka-{K-X-tbbpw B[n-Im-cn-I-X-tbbpw hne-bn-cp-̄ pI.
10 (a) Zfn-X-cp-sSbpw kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw cN-\-IÄ¡v kmln-Xy- Ncn-{X§-fn th−{X CSw In«msX t]mbn-«pt−m? hnaÀi\m-ß-I-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡pI.
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(b) “A[n-Im-c -hy-h-lm-c-§-fmepw Bß-\n-jvT-X-bmepw kzm[o-\n-¡-s¸-«-h-bmWv kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-§-sfÃmw F¶ A`n-{]m-bs¯ ap³\nÀ¯n ]pXn-sbmcp kmlnXy Ncn-{X-̄ nsâ kmwKXzw ]cn-tim-[n-¡pI.