Kanasevich, Gleb - suono infinito (2015)
-
Upload
gleb-kanasevich -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Kanasevich, Gleb - suono infinito (2015)
!!!!!!!!gleb!kanasevich!(b.!1989)!
suono%infinito%(2015)%for$cello$and$prepared$piano,$doubling$melodica$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
%
PERFORMANCE%KEY%
!
VARIOUS!REMARKS!
!
The!melodica!is!to!be!placed!in!a!sturdy!stationary!position,!slightly!to!the!right!or!the!player,!to!facilitate!the!right!hand’s!swift!switching!between!the!two!keyboards.!!The!extremely!agile!passages!on!melodica,!as!in!measure!332,!should!be!attempted!entirely!with!one!hand!to!blur!accuracy!and!trespass!the!threshold!of!physical!playability!at!the!approximate!given!tempo.!!tempo%giusto%–!the!tempo!marking!is!to!be!relatively!determined!by!the!fastest!tempo%in!which!the!passages!are!rhythmically!executable.!!Pitch!accuracy!through!the!entire!work!occupies!a!secondary!priority!level!after!rhythmic!precision.!!col%legno%tratto%is!always!to!be!executed!with!half!hair,!half!wood.!!!Measures!585!through!651!are!to!be!interpreted!rather!freely,!with!priority!being!given!to!gesture!and!the!aim!to!generally!erase!any!remaining!hint!of!ensemble’s!rhythmic!precision!and!replace!it!with!sonic/textural!unity.!!Aside!from!these!measures,!rhythm!(especially!straight!sixteenth!note!patterns)!is!to!be!observed!with!relentless!precision,!yet!with!a!light!touch!in!the!quieter!dynamics.!!fischio!–!any!type!of!whistle!can!be!used!as!long!it!is!able!to!produce!the!faintest,!quietest,!and!most!whimpering!sound,!with!fluctuating!mid!to!low!pitch.!!vibrato%quasi%Karkowska%–!the!vibrato!style!“Karkowska”!refers!to!an!artist,!“described!by!Daniel!Barenboim!as!‘a!gifted!young!violinist’,![who]!was!born!in!Lodz,!Poland,!and!made!her!successful!solo!debut!at!the!age!fifteen!at!the!prestigious!String!Masters!Festival!with!Zielona!Gora!Philharmonic!playing!Mendelssohn’s!Violin!Concerto,!the!performance!that![was]!met!with!standing!ovations!and!encores;”!who,!since!her!debut,!has!transformed!into!an!iconic!figure!and!an!internet!celebrity,!notorious!for!a!particularly!wide,!visceral,!and!violently!rapid!style!of!vibrato.!!Vibrato!of!each!note!under!such!indication!should!be!at!least!a!minor!third!in!width.!!Additionally,!the!notes!should!be!bowed!mercilessly,!romatically,!yet!embodying!the!overall!austerity!and!wit!of!the!work.!!!PIANO!PREPARATION!!!The!piano!is!to!be!prepared!with!theraputty!(elastic!physical!therapy!tool),!pressed!lightly!over!the!strings!in!front!of!the!
dampers,!just!enough!to!mute!the!strings!and!slightly!obscure!the!pitch!definition.!!Additionally,!a!hand!towel!with!a!pitched!cowbell!or!a!small!saucepan!need!to!be!placed!on!top!of!the!strings,!just!past!the!dampers,!in!order!to!avoid!buzz!between!metal!objects,!yet!maximize!the!impact!transmitted!to!the!cowbells/saucepans!from!the!piano!hammers!to!achieve!a!faint!percussive!sound,!reminiscent!of!a!cowbell!stricken!with!a!wooden!beater.!The!pitches!to!be!prepared!are:!A0,!A#0,!B0,!C1,!C#1!(represented!by!the!low!box!notehead!interval!of!A0!and!C1!in!the!diagram);!C4,!C#4,!D4,!D#4,!E4!(represented!by!the!box!notehead!interval!of!C4!and!E4);!and!G#7,!A7,!A#7,!B7,!C8!(represented!by!the!box!notehead!interval!of!A7!and!C8).!
!!CELLO!NOTATION!!
!The!percussion!clef!and!“x”!noteheads!in!the!cello!part!indicate!playing!behind!the!bridge.!!The!four!notes,!represent!the!four!strings!in!ascending!frequency!order.!!
!Finger!position!approximately!at!a!quartercway!mark!up!the!segment!of!the!string!behind!the!bridge.!!!Finger!position!approximately!a!third/halfway!mark!up!the!segment!of!the!string!behind!the!bridge.!!!!!Indicates!use!of!whistle!(found!only!in!the!percussion!clef!sequences).!!!
!Approximate!duration:!19!–!20!minutes!!
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�����������
������
����
�� �� ��
��
������������������
��
� �
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
����
����
��
�� ��
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
���
����
����
�� �� �� �
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
����
����
����
��
��
��
��
����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
� �����������������
������������������������
�
���
� � � � � � � � � � � � �
�
�
�
��
�
� � � �
� � �
�
� � � � �
���
��
�
�
��
�
� �
�
� � �
��
� �
�
��
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
���
�
�
���������������
���
���
���
� � � � � � � � � � �
�
� �
��
�
�
���
� � �
��
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
��
� � �
� � �
�
��
���
�
�
� � � � � � �
��� ���
��
���
�
���������������
���
�
���
���
���
���
���
���
���
���
���
� � � � � � � � � �
������
� � �
��
�
� �
� � � �
� �
�
�
���
�
� � � � � � � �
�
� �
�
�
��
�
������
���
���
�
� � � � � � � � � �
�
�
� �
� � � � ��
� �
��
�
�
��� ������
���
���
���
� � � � � � � � � �
�
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
���
��� ���
���
������
�
� � � � � � � � � �
��
�
� � � � � � � � � � �
������ ���
���
���
���
��
�
� ���
�
�
� �
� �
�
� � � � �
�
� � ��� �
���
�
� �
� � �
�
� �
� � �
�
�
�
� �
� ��
�
��
�
� � � �
� � �
� �
�
�
��
� � � �
� �
��
��
��
� � ��
���
��
��
�
�
� � �
� � �
�� � �
�� � �
�
�� � �
�� �
�
�
�
��
�
� � � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�� �
�
���
� �
�
�
�
�
�� �
�
�
�
�
�
��
���
� ��
� �
��
��
� � �
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
��� �
�
��
�
�� �
��
�
��
��
� � �
��
�
�
� ��
� � �
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�� �
����������
� �
�
� � � �
�
�� �
�
�� �
���
� ��
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
� � � ��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
��
� �
�
� � ��
��
� �
�
� � � �
��
� �
�
�
� �
� � ��
� �
� �
� � �
�
��
��
�
��
��� � �
�
� ���� ��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�����
��
�
�
���
��
� � � �
� �
���
�� � � �
�
�� �
�
���
��� �
�
���
�
�
�� �
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
� �
��
�
�
�� � �
��
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
��
�
� � � �
� �
�
�� �
�
� ��
��
�
�� � �
��
��
�
��
�
�
� �
��
� � � �
� �
�
�� �
�
� ��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
����
����
�� �� ��
�� �� ��
��
��
��
��
��
��
����
����
���
����
����
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
����
�
���
����
����
��
�� ��
��
�� ������
�
���
����
��
��
��
�� ��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
����
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
� �
�
�
��
�
�
���������
�����
���
�
�
� � � � �
�
� � � �
���
��
�
�
�
��
�
� �
��
� � �
� �
��
�
���
�
� �
�
��
�
��
�
�
� �
���
��
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� � � � � � � �
�
� � � ��
� �
��
� �
� �
��
�
�
� � � � � �
�
� � � �
� � � � � �
��
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� � ��
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
��
�
�
� �
��
� � � �
� � � �
��
�
�
�
� � � � �
��
� �
��
� � � �
�
� � � � � �
��
�
�
� � �
�
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� �
�
� � � � � � � �
������
���
���
� � � � � � � � ���
� �
� � �
���
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
���
���
���
��
�
�
�
� �
�
� � �
�
��
� �
� � � �
���
���
������
��� ���
� � � � � � ���
�
������
������
������
���
�
��
� � � � �
�
��
�
���
���
���
��
�� �
��
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
� � � �
� �
� � � �
�� � �
�
�
�
� �� �
�� � � �
�
��
� �
�
�
���
�
��
�
�
��
����
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
� � �
��
� ��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
��
� �
��
��
�� �
��
�
� �
� ��
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
� ���
�
�
�
��
���
��
�� � � � � �
��
�
���
�
� ���
�
�� �
��
���
��
��
��
�� �
�
�
��
� �
� �
�
�
��� �
�
�
��
��
��
�
�
��
�
� �
�
�
� �
�
� ��
��
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
��� � �
�� �
��
�
��
�
�
�� �
�
�
�
� �
�
���
��
�
� ��
� �
� �
���
�
�
�� �
��
�
�
� � �
�
�
� � �
�� �
�
�
��
���
� �
� � �
�
�
��
��
��
� � �
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� ��
�
�
�
� �
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
� �
�
� �
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
��
�
�
�
� ��
� �
� � �
� � � �
� �
� �
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�� �
�
�� � � �
�
��
�
�� �
�
��
�
��
� � � �
�
� �
� �
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
� �
�
�
��
� �
� � � �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
������ � ���� �
��
������ � ���� �
��
�
��
������ � ���� �
������ � ���� �
� �
���
����
��
������ � ���� �
�
��
������ � ���� �
�
���
����
�
�
� � � �
���
����
������
��
��
������
�
���
����
�
��
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � � �
� � � �
� � �
� � �
���
�
� � � � � �
�
��
� �
���
�
� � � � � � � �
�
�
� � � � �
���
���
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
� � �
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
� �
���
���
��� ���
� � � ���
�
��� �
�
� ��� �
���
�
�
� �
�
� �
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
���
��
�
� � � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � � � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��� ���
���
���
���
��� ���
���
�
��
�
���
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � � � � � �� �
�
�
��
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�����
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
��� ������
� � � �
�
� � � � �
���
�
�
�
� �
��
�
� �
��
��
�
�
�
�
� � �
��
�
� �
� �
��
�
�
���
�
� � �
� �
�
�
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� �
�
�
� � �
� �
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
� � � �
�
� � � � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
���
���
��� ���
�
� �
�
� � � � �
��
�
��
�
�
��
� �
��
� � � � � �
��
� � �
��
�
���
��
�
�
���
�
��
��
�
��
�
� � � �
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
���
�
�
� � ��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�����
����
���
���
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
� � � �
�
�
�
� � �
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
� ��
�
�
�
�
���
� �
�
�
� �� �
� �
�� �
� �
�� � � � � � �
�
�
�
� �
�� � �
�
�
�
�
� � �� � � �
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
� �
� �
��� �
�
�
��
�
�
� � �
�� ��
� �
�
�
��
��
� �
�
� �
�
����
�
��
�
�
�
�� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�������
� �
�
�
�
�
�
������
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�� � � �
�� �
�
� �
��
�
���
��
� �
� �
��
�
��
��
��
�
��
�
��
�
� �
�
�
� �
�
� ��
� � �
�
��
�
�
� � �
��
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
� �
�
��
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
� �
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
���
��
�
�
�
��
�
� �
�
���
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
� ��
�
��
�
�
���
� �
��
�
�
��
���
�
�
����
�
�����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� ��
�
� �
� � �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
�
��
� � �
���
����
�
��
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
����
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
����
��
���
����
��
��
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
� � �
� � �
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
��� ��� ���
� � � � �
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
� �
��
� � � � � � � � � �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � � �
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
� �
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
��� ���
���
���
���
�
� � ��� �
�
�
� � �
��
�
��
� � �
��
�
� �
�
��
� �
!
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
���
���
��� ��� ��� ��� ���
� � �
��
�
��
� �
�
���
���
���
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
� �
��
�
�
��
�
�
� � � �
��
� �
���
���
���
���
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � � � � �
�
�
�
�
� � � �
� � � � � � � � � � �
� �
�
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
� �
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
���
��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ���
��� ���
� � � �
���
�
� � � � � � �
��
�
� �
�
� � � � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
������������
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
���
��� ���
��� ���
� � � �
�
��
� �
�
� � � � �
��
�
���
���
���
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
� �
�
�
�
��
��
�
� �
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
� �
��
� � �
���
���
���
�
�
�
���
���
�
�
�
��
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
� �
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
� � � � � � �
�
�
�
� � �
�
� �
� ��
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
��
�
�
� �
�
�
� � �
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
� � � �
�
�
�
�
��
�
� � �
�
�
�
� � � � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
��
� � �
��
�
�
��
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� �
��
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
� � � �
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��� �� ���
�
�
�
�
��� �
� � � � � � � � � � �
� �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
��
���
�� �
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
� �
�
��
�
�
��
�
� �
�
�����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���� �
��� �
�
�� �
�� � � �
�
�� � ��
� ��� � � �
�
�
� � ���
�
�
� � � � �
� ��
� �
� � �
��
�
� �
�
�
� ��
� �
�
� �
� � �
� � �
� �
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
��
���
����
����
���� ����
��
������
� �
���
����
����
��
��
�� ��
��
����
����
� �
���
����
����
��� ������
���
��
��� ������
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
� �
���
� �
�
� � � ���
�
��
� �
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
� �
�
��
�
� �
� � �
��
� �
�
�
� �
��
� � � �
��
�
� �
��
�
���
���
���
���
�
����
��������� ��!�"�# "
���
���
�
��������� ��
!�"�# "
� � � �
�
� � � � �
�
�
� � � � � � � � � �
��
�
���
�
�
��
�
�
� �
��
�
�
��
� �
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
���
���
����
�
��������� ��!�"�# "
���
����
��������� ��!�"�# "
�
���
�
� �
�
�
� �
��
�
��
� � �
���
�
� � � � � � �
�
�
��
� � �
�
��
�
� �
��
� �
�
� � � � � � � �
��
�
�
� �
��
�
�
���
���
�
�
� �
� � �
��� � �
�
��
���
� � �
�
� � �
� � � ��� � � � � � �
��
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� � � � � � �
�
���
���
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
� �
�� �
�
�
�
� � � � �
��
�
�
� � � � �
��
� �
���
���
���
�
�
���� �
�
����� �
� �
�� ���
�
��� �
���
�
�
��
�
�� ���
�
�
�� ��
�
��
�
� ��
� �
��
� �
�
� � � �
�
��
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� � �
� � � �
�
�� � � � � �
� �
���
�
�
���� � �
��
���
�
����
�
�� � � �
�
�
���
��
�
��
� � �
��
� ��
�
��
��
�
��
��
�
� �
� �
�
�
��
�
�
��
��� �
� �
�
� �
��
� �
� � �
� �
� �
����
� �
��
��� � �
��
�� �
�
� �
��
�
���
� ���
�
�
���
�
�� �
�
�� �
��
� �
�� �
�
��
� ��
��
� �
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
� � ��
��
� ��
��
�
��
� �
� �
��
� �
�
�
� �
� �
� �
�
��
�
�
�
� ��
� � �
��
� �
�
�
�������� � �
���� � �
�� �
���
�
�� �
�
�� � � �
�
�
�
�� �
�� � �
����� ��
�
������
��
��
�
�
��
� �
� �
� �
� ��
� �
� �
�
�
� ��
�
�
�
�
��
���
� ��
�� ���� ���
�
�
�
� �
�
�
��
� �
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
�
� �
�
���
����
� � �
� �
����
�
���
����
����
�� � ��
��
��
��
� ���
���
�
���
����
����
������
���
������
���
����
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
"
��
�
�
�
�
�
"
��
�
�
�
�
�
"
��
�
�
�
�
�
"
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
� � �
�
�� � �
��
��
� � � �
�
�
��
� � � � � � �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
��
�� �
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � � �
� �
�
�
� � � �
� �
��
��
�
�
�
� �
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� � ��
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
��
��
��� ��� ���
��� ���
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
��
�
���
��
�
���
�� �
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� ��
��
�
��
�
�
��
����� �
�� �
���
� � � �
��
� � � ��
�
� �
�
� �
� �
��
�
�
���
���
���
��
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
� �
�
� �
�
� � � �
�� �
��
�
��
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
���
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
� � � �
�
��
�
��
�
� �
�
�
��
���
� �
�
� � � �
� �
� �
�
� �
���
� � � � � � � �
�
�
� � � � � � �
�
�
���
���
���
���
� �
� �
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
���
���
���
� �� ���
�� � �
�
�
�
�
���
���
�� � � ��
��
�
��
� �� � � � � � �
� ��
��
�
��
�
���
����
��
����
�
���
��
�
��
��
�� � � �
����
���
� �� � �
�
�
� ������
� � ���
��
��
��
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�� ��
��
�
��
��
�������
�
��
���
��� ��
��
��
��
���
�
�
�� � �
�
�
���
����
� ���
��
�� � ��
��
��
� �
���
������ ��
�� ��
������
���
����
�� � ������ ��
���
�
��
��
�������
��
����� �� � � �
�
����
�
� ����
� � ��
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
��� � �
��
�� �
��
� �
����� �
��
��
��
�
����� � �
�
�
�
���
�
�� � �
�
�
���
��
�� �
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�� � �
�
�
� ��
�
�� ��
�
��
�
� �
�
�
��
�
��
���
�
��
�
��
��
�
�
���
�
��� �
�
��
��
��
� � � �
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
���
�
����
�
���
�
���
����
� ����� � �
�
��
�
��
���
�
�
� ���
�
� �
�
�
��� � �
�
�
�
�� �
�
���
�
�
�
�
�� �
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� �� �
�
�� �
�
� � � � �
�
�������
�
����
����
����
�
�
����
���
���
�
���
� ��
����
�
�
��
����
�����
��
�
�
����
#
��
�����
����
�
����
�
� ����
� �
�
����
���
�
�����
��
� �
����
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
������
���
������
���
����
����
� ��
�
�
���
��
��
�
�
���
����
����
�
�
���
�
���
����
����
���
�
��
�
���
�� ��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
� � �
� � �
��
�
�
���
� � � � � �
�
�
�
� � � � � � �
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� � � � � � � �
��
�
�
� �
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � �
�
��
� �
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
� ��
�
� � �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�� � �
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
��
�
� � � � � � � �
�
�� �
�
�
�
�
��� ��� ���
���
���
���
���
�� ��
��
�
� �
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
� �
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
��
�
� � �
��
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
� � � � � �
�
�
��
���
� �
� � �
�
� �
�
���
���
���
���
��� ���
�
�
�
�
� �
� � �
�
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
� � � �
�
��
�
�
�
�� �
�
�
�
�� �
�
�� �
�
�
��
�
��
�
�� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�� � �
���
�����
���
���
�
�
�
� � �
�
��
��
��
�
��
�
� �
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�����
�
����
� �
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
� �
����
�
� ����
����
���
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
����
�
� �
�
�
��
�
�
��
� �
�
�
�
�� � �
�
� �
��
�
� ��
�
�
�
��
���
�
��
��
��
�
��
��
�
�
� �
�����
����
�
�
� � �� � �
�
��
�
���
�
�
�����
��
�
�
��
� ��
��
��� ��
������
�
�
�
��
�
��
��
�� � �
���
�����
�
��
����
�
� � ��������
���
��
�
��
�
�
� �
��
���
���
���
��
�
��� ��
��
��
�
������
��
��
��
��
�
�����
� �
�
�� � � � � �
� ��
���
�����
���
�� ����
�
� ��
� �
� �
���
��
�
�
���
��
��
�� �
� ��
����� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
���
��
�
���
��
��
���
����
����
��
�
��
�
���
��
�
��
�
���
����
����
��
��
��
���
��
��
�
��
��
���
����
����
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
� � � � � � �
�
�� �
�
�
��� ���
��� ���
���
���
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
�� �
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
� �
� ��
��
��
�
�
� ��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � � � � � � �
���
���
���
��� �
�
� �
� � � �
� � �
���
���
���
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
���
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
� �
� � � ��� �
�
�
���������������
� � �
���
��� ���
� � � � �
� �
�
� � � �
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
�� �
�
�
� �
�
� � � � �
�
��
��
�
��
� �
�
� � �
�
� �
�
�
� � � �
�
�
�
�
� � � � � �
� � � � � � � � �
�
� �
� � � � � � � � � � �
��
�
�
�
�
��������
�� ��
��
�� ��
� ���
��������
������
��
��
���
� � � � � � �
��� ��
����
�
�
��
��
���
����
���
��
�� ����
��
��
��
��
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
� � � � �� � � � � �
�
���
�
��
�
�
���
����
�� ����
����
����������� � �
����� ��
��� � � � � � �
�
�
��
� � �
�
�� � �
�
�� �
�
��
� � �
��
� ������
����
�
��
�
��
��
����
�
�
����
�
� � ��
���� �
����
�
� ��
�
����
�
� � �
� �
� �
�
� � � �
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
���
�
���
� �
�
�
�
��
�
�� � �
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
����
�
� �
���� � �
����
�
� �
���� � �
����
�
�
�
����
�
� ��
�
���� �
����
�
� ��
�
���� �
����
�
� � �
����
�
�
����
�
�
� �
� � �
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
����
����
����
���
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
����
����
��
���
��
��
���
����
����
��
�
���
���
����
����
��
��� �
� �
�������������� ����� �
�� ��������� ��������
��
�����
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � � � �
�
��������������
� �
���
���
� � �
� � � � � � � �
� � �
���
���
� � � � � � � � � � �
�� �
�
�
� � � � � � � � �
�
��
�
� � �
��
�
� �
��� ��� ���
� � �
���
�
���
���
���
� � � �
�
� �
� �
�
� � � � � � � � �
��� �
���
�
�
� � � � �
� � � � � � � � �
�
��
�
�
�
���
���
� �
�
� � � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
��� ���
���
� �
� �
� �
���
� � � �
��
�
� �
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
� � � � �
��
�
�
���
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��������������
� �
�
�
�
� � � � � � � � �
$%%%%%%
���
� � � � � � � � � �
�
� �
�
� � � �
� �
��
�
�
��
�
�� �
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�� �
�
�
�� �
�� � � �
�
�� �
�
�
�� � � �
�
� ��
����
�
� �
����
�
� ��� �
�����
�
� �� �
����
�
�
����
���� �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� �
� ��
�
���
���
�� � � �� � �
���
�
�
��
�
�� � �
�
�� � �
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�� �
�
�
�� �
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
���
�
�
�����
�
���
���
� �
����
�
� ��
����
�
� ����
����
�
� ����
��
�
� �
� � �
��
�
�
�� �
� �
�
� �
�
�
� �
� �
� �
��
��
�� � �
�
�
�
��
�
�� � � �
�
��
�
����
��
���
����
��
��
��
��
� ��
��
�
����
�
�
���� � �
�
�
�
� �
� �
��
� � �
� ��
� � � � � �
�
� �
�
�
��
�
�������
� ����
��
� ��
� ��
� ��
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
���
�
���
����
����
���
��
�
���
����
����
��
�������� ���
���
�������������� ����� �
�� ��������� ��������
��
��
���
����
����
��
�����������
���
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
� �
�
�
� �
$%%%
����� �� �������
$%%%%%
$%%%%%%%%%%
������ ���
� � �
�
��
� �
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
$%%%%%%%%%
$%%%%
$%%%%%
$%%%%
$%%%%%%
����� �� �������
���
���
������
���
� � � �
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
� �
��
�
�
� �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
������ ���
���
�
$%%%%%%
$%%%%%%%%%
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
��� ��� ��� ���
������ ���
���
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
��
� � � � �
������ ��� ���
��
�
� � � � � � �
�
� � � �
�
�
�
��� ��� ��� ���
� � � � � � �
�
� � � �
����� �� �������
������ ���
���
���
��
��
���
� � �
�
� � � �
�
�
� � �
��
��� ��� ��� ���
��
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� ��
�
��
��
�
����
����
����
�� ���
��
���
���
� ��� ��
��
��
��
��
�
����
����
� ��� �
�
��
��
�
���
�
�� � �
�
� � ��
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
� ��
�
��
��
����
��
��
��
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
���
�
��
�
����
�
��
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
����
��
��
��
���
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
���
�
����
��
��
����
��
��
��
�� �
��
��
��
��
��������
��
�
�� �
��
��
�� � � � � � �
� �
�
� � � � � �
��
� � � �
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�� �
�
� �
��
�
�� �
�
� �
� � �
�
� � � �
��
��
����
����
����
��
�
��
��
��
��
��
�� ��
��
��
��
� �
� �
�
� ��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
��
�������� ���
���
�
��
��
���
����
����
��
���
�����������
���
�
��
�
�
��
���
���
����
���
���
����
��
���
��
���
����
���
���
���
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � � � � � �
�
� � �
������
������
����� �� �������
�
� � � � � � � � �
�
� � �
��� ���
���
��� ��� ������
� � � �
�
���
�
�
� � � �
��
�
�
���
������ ���
���
�
�
��������������������
�
� � � �
����� �� �������
� � � �
���
���
���
���
���
��
� � � � �
�
�
��
� � ���
�
��
�
�
��
� �
� �
� �
��
�
� �
�
��
�
���
���
�����
� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
���
� � � � � � � � � �
�
��
�
�
�
��
� �
� �
��
�
� �
� � � �
� �
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� � �
��
�
�
�
�
�
������
���
���
�
� � � � � � ��
�
�������� ��� ��������� ��� �
�
��
��
��
��
���
���
���
� � � �
���
�
� � � � � � � �
��
� � � �
��� ��� ��� ���
�
�
�
��
�
�
� �
��
� �
�
�
�
� �
� �
��
�
� �
��
�
� �
� � �
��
�
���
���
���
���
���
������������������ ������������������������������ ������������
����������������������������������
� �
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
� �
�
� �
�
� � � � ���
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�� �
� �
�
�
� � � �
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
������
��
��
��
����
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
� �
�
� � � � �
�
� � �
�
� � � �
�
�
�
��
�
� �� �
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
��
� �
�
�
��
��
��
��
����
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
����
��
��
��
����
��
��
�
� � ��
�
&
#
�
�
� � �
�
�
��
� �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� � �
�
�
� �
�
� �
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
� �
� �
� � �
� �
� �
�
� � �
�
�
�
� �
�
��
�
�
�
� �
�
� �
� �
�
�
� �
�
��
� �
�
��
�
��
� ��
�
��
�
��
� �
�� �
�
� �
�
� � � �
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
� �
�
� �
�
� �
� �
� �
�
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�� �
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
���
�
��
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
� �
� ��
� �
�
�
��
��
�
� � ��
�
�
���
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
� ��
�
� �
�
� �
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
�������� ��
��
���
����� �� ��
���
���
����
� ���
��
�
��
���
���
���
����
� ���
��
�
���
���
����
�
�� ���
���
�
��
���
���
����
� �� �
���
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��� ���
� � � � �
��
�
���
������
���
� �
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�� �
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
� � �
��
�
�
�
� � �
��
�
�
��
� �
�
� �
���
���
���
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� � � �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
���
� �
���
�
��
� �
�
�
�� �
���
�
��
�
��
�
���
�
�
�
�
���
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
� � � � �
��
�
�
� �
��
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
��� ���
������
��
��
� ���
�
� � �
���
���
��
�
�
�
� �
��
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
� �
��
��
� � � � � � �
�
��
� �
�
���
���
���
�
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� � �
� ��
�
�
� �
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
��� ��� ���
���
�
� � �
�
� � � �
� � � �
� � �
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
��� ���
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
���
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
� �
��
�
�
� �
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� �
�� �
�
���
���
���
�
��
���
���
���
���
���
�
�
��
�
���
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
���
��
�
��
�
��
�
�� �
�
�
���
��
�
�� �
�
�� �
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
���
�
�� �
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
� ��
�
�
�
�
� �
��
�
�
��
�
���
� �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
� �
� � � �
��
� �
� � � �
�
� ��
�
�
��
� �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� �
� � � �
�
�
�
��
� �
�
�� �
�
��
�
�����
�
�
�
�
�
��
� �
� ��
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�� � �
� � ��
�
� �
� �
� �
� � �
� �
� �
�
��
�
�
�
�
�� �
��
�
�
�
��
�� �
�
�
�� �
�
� �
�
� ��� � � �
�
� � � �
�
� � � � �
��
��
� �
�
� � � �
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�����
� ��
����������
�����
��
�� � � �� ��
�
�
� ���� ��
����
��
�
�
� �
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� � ���
� ��� ��
��
����
���� ��
����
����
��
��
� � �
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
�� �
��
��
���
�� ��
����
�
� �
��
��
��
����
���
�
�
��
�
�
� �
���� ��
��� ��
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
��
�� ��� ��� �
���
���
��
�
�
���
����
����
��� ���
��
� �
��
���
�
���
����
�
��
�
� �
��
�
���
����
��
�
���
���
����
�
��
���
����
��
���
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��������� ��!�"�# "
�
� � � � �
� �
����
�����
�
�
�
���
�
���
���
��
� � �
���
�
���
���
� �
��
��
��
����
�� � ���
��
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
� � �
�
��
��
�
���
��
��
��
�
��
�
��
�
�����
�
$�����%
�
�
�
���
��������� ��!�"�# "
�
�
�
�
���
���
� � � � �
�
�
��
� �
�
���
�
���
���
���
�
��
�
��
�
���
�
��
�
�
�
��
� � �
� �
���
�
���
��
�
��
�
������
� � � � � ���
�
�
� �� �
��
� ��
� �
� �����
��������� ��!�"�# "
�������
�
� � � �
���
���
��� ���
���
�
��
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
���
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
���
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��������� ��!�"�# "
�
������
��
�
�
����
� � �
�
�
���
���
���
����
��
��
��
�
��
��
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
���
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
��
��
�
�
�� �
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
����
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
���
�
��
�
��
�
��
��
��
��
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��������� ��!�"�# "
� �
� � � � �
�� �
� � �
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
� �
��
�
�
� �
��
�
�
���
��
�
�
��
���
��
��
��
�� � � � ��
���
�
�� � �
�
� �
�
� �
��
�
��
�
� ��
� �
�
�
� �
����
��
��
� � �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�� � �
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
���
�
�
��
�
���
�
�
�
� �
� � � � �
�
�
� �
� � �
�� � � � � ����
��
��
� ��� ��
���
� ��
��
���������������
�� � �
��
�� �� �
�
�� � � �
� �
�
� �
�
��
�
���
�
� �
�� � � �
��
� ����
��
����
�
����
�
��
�
� �
�
�� � � �
��
�
��
� ��
�� �
� �
��
�
�� �
� �
����
��
�
� �
��� �
� �
�
���
� �
��
��
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
���
�
���
����
����
������
���
������
������
���
����
����
���
���
����
����
���
���
����
����
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
���
�
� �
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
��
�
� �
��
� �
��
� �
��
�
��
� �
�
��
�
�
������
��
��
� ��
��
� � � � � � ��
� �
���
�
��
��
� ��
��
� � � � � � ��
� �
���
� � � � � � � �
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
� �
��
� �
�
��
�
�
� � �
�
��
� � �
���
�
� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
�
� � � � � �
�
� � � �
�
� � � � � � � �
�
�
�
� �
��
� �
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
� �
��
� �
�
��
�
�
�
��
��
� �
�
�
�
��
� �
� �
� � �
���
��
��
� �
�
�
�
��
� �
� �
� � �
���
� � � � � � � �
�
�
� �
��
�
� �
� �
��
�
� � �
�
��
�
� �
�
��
�
� � � � �
���
�
�
� � �
� � � �
�
��
��
�
� � �
� � � � � ��
��
� � � � � � � �
�
�
��
�
�
� �
��
� � �
��
� �
� �
��
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�� � �
�
�� �
�
� � �
� �
���
�
� �
��
�
�� �
� �
�� � �
�
� �
� � ��
�� �
�
�� �
�
� �
�
�
�� � ��
�
� � � ��
�
� � � �
� �
� �
� �
� �
��
���
��
� ��
��
�
��
� � �
��� �
� � �
�
�
�
��
�
��
��
�
��
� �
�
��
�
��
� �
�
��
��
�
�� �
�
� �
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
���
�
�
� ���
�
�
�
��
���
�
�
�
� �
���
�
�
� ���
�
�
�
� �
���
�
�
�
��
���
�
�
������ �
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
��
�
���
�
�
� ���
��
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
� ���
�
�
� ���
���
���
�
�
�
��
�
� �
�
�
��
� ��
�
���
� �
�
��
�
�
�
����
�� �
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
� �
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
���
�
��
��
�
��
���
���
�
������
�� �
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
� ���
���
� �
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
��
�
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
���
���
�
�
�
��
�
��
��
��
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� ��
��
�
� �
�
�
�
� ��
� �
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
� �
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
� �
�
��
�
�
�� �
�
� �
�
��
� �
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
� ��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
���
�
�
� ���
�
�
�
� �
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
� ���
�� �
�
��
��
��
���
�
�
������ �
�����
� ����
�
�
����
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
� ��
�����
�
�
����
�
�
����
�
���
���
� �
��
�
�
��
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
� ��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
� � ��
�
��
�
�
�� �
� �
�
�
�
��
��
���
��
�
�
��
���
�
���
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
����
�
� ��
����
�
�
����
�
� � ��
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�����
���
��
���
�
�
�
��
��
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�����
���
���
�
���
�
�
� ���
��
��
�
�
� �
�
��
�
�
� �
��
�
�
� ��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
����
���
����
����
���
����
����
���
���
����
����
����
������
���
����
���
����
� �
����������
���
���
����
��
���
���
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
� � � � �
��������������
��
���
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� � � �
�
� �
� �
�
� � � � � � � � �
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
� �
��
� �
�
��
�
� �
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
� �
����������
����
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
���
�
�
�
���
�
��
��
��
�
�
����
� � � �
��
� � � � �
��
���
�
�
�
�
�
� �
��
�
�
��
� �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
��
�
� �
�
�
�
��
�
���
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��������������
� ��
� �
� � � � � � � � � �
�
���
�
� � � � � � � � � � �
�
�
���
�
��
�
� � � �
� �
�
� �
� � � � � � �
�� �
�
�
�
�
� � �
���
��
���
���
� � �
� �
� �
��
� � �
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� � �
��
�
� �
� �
�
� � � �
��
� �
� �
� �
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
���
���
�
��
�
��
� �
��
� �
��� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
��
�
� �
��
� �
�
��
�� �
���
���
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�����
�
��
� ���
��
�
�
��
� ��
�
��
� ���
��
�
�
�
�
��
�� � � �
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�� �
�
�
��
��
��
���
�
��
���
��
�
�
� ��
���
�
�
�
�
���
�� � �
���
�
�
�
� �
���
�
�
�
�
���
���
������
�
�
������ � �
������
�
�
������ � �
�
���
���
�
�
���
���
��
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
� �
�
��� � �
� � �
�
� �
�
�
� �
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
����
�
�
�
�
��� �
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
��
� �
�
�
� � �
��
�
�
���
�
���
�
�
� ���
���
� � ��
�����
� ����
����
#
�
��
�
� �
����
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
� ��
�
��
�
��
�
��
� ����
����
�
��
� � �
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
� �
�� �
�
� �
� � �
� �
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
��� � � � � �
�
�� � � � � �
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�����
�
��
� �� �
�
� �
�
�
��
� �
�
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
�
�
�
���� � � � � � � � �
�� � �
�
�
� � �
�� � � �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
��� �
� �
�
��
���� � � �
��
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�� �
� �
�
�
��
��
��
� �
�
�
���
�
��
�
��
� �
�
�
�
�
� ��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
���
����
���
����
���
���
����
����� � �
���
���
���
����
����������
���
���
����
����� � �
���
���
����
���
���
���
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
� � � � � � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
� �
��
� �
� �
�
��
��
� � � � �
��
�
�
� � �
��
�
���
���
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
���
��� ���
���
� � � � � �
�
�
� �
��
�
�
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���
�
����������
���� ��
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
� � � � � � � � �
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
� � � �
��
�
�
�
� �
��
�
�
��
�
�
� �
�
�� �
���
�
��
� �
��
� �
�
��
� �
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
� �
��
�
�
��
� �
�
�
�
��
�
���
�
���
� �
��
�
� � � �
��
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
� �
��
�
� �
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
���
���
�
���
� ���
�
� �
���
���
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
� �
��
� �
� �
�
�
��
��
�
�
� �
��
��
�
���
���
���
���
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
��
�
� �
�
��
�� � � � � � � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� �
��
�
� � �
� �
� �
� �
���� � ��� � �
� � �
�
��
� �
��
#
� �
�
�
�
�� � � � � �
� �
��
�
� � �
�
��
�
� �
� � �
� �
�
�
� �
��
�
�
� � �
� �
� ��
�
� �
� �
���� � �
�
�
�
�
���
��
� ��
�
� �
�
� �
�� �
� �
� �
��
�
�
� ��
�
�
�
��
� �
� �
�
�
� �
� � �
�
� �
� � �
� �
� �
�� �
� � ��
�
� �
�
� ��
��� � � �
�
�
�
�� � �
�� � �
�� �
�� � �
�� �
�
� �
� �
�
� ��
��
�
� ��
�
�
� �
�
�
��
�
� �
�
�
��
����
�� �
�� � �
��
�
� �
�� � �
��
��
�� �
��
�
�� �
��
�
�
��
��
��
� � �
� �
��
�
� �
� �
��
�
� �
� �
� � �
�
� �
� � �
� � �
�
�
�
����
��
�� � �
�� � �
��
�
� �� �
�� �
�
�
� � � �
� �
� � �
� �
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
� �
��
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
�
��
�������� ���
��
��
�
��
���
����
����
�
���
�
�
���
����
����
�
�
���
�
��
�
��
���
����
����
�������������� �
��
�������������� �
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � �
��
� � � �
$%%%%%
���
���
��� ������
���
���
� � � � �
$%%%%%
���
���
� � � �
� � � � � � � � � � �
��
�
� � � �
���
���
��� ������
�
�
� � � �
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
� �
��
�
����
���
���
���
������
� � � � �
$%%%%%%%%%%%
�
������ ���
� � �
�
��� ���
��� ���
��� ������
� � � � �
$%%%%%%%%%%
� � � �
��� ���
���
���
������ ���
�
� � � � � � � � ��� � � �
��� ��� ������
�
� �
��
�
�
���
�
� � � � � � � � � �
���
���
��� ������
$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
�
��� ���
���
�
���
� � �
��
� � � �
�
� � �
��� ���
���
�
�
��
�
��
�
������
�
���
���
���
���
��
� �
��
�
�� �
�
��
�
$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
���
������
�
�
� �
��
�
���
�
� � �
�
� � �
�
� � � � �
�
� � � �
� �� �
�
��
�
�
���
��
� � �
��
�
���
��
���
�
�� ��
�
��
�
��
� � �
�
��
��
��
�
�
�� � �
�
� � �
�
� � � � �
�
� � � �
�
��
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�� � � � �
�
�
� ��� �� �
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
����
�
�� ��
���
�
�� �
�
�� �
�
�� � ��
�
��
��
�� � � � �
��
�
���
���
�
��
��
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
����
��
����
�� �
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
� ��
���
�
�
�
�
�� � � �
�
� � � � �
��
� � �
�
��
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
���� �� ��
�
����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
����
�
��
�
��
�� ����� �
�� � � � � � �� �
� � �
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�� ���
��
�
�
�
�
��
��
�� �
�
��
��
�
�
��
���
�
�
�
��
� �
��
��
�
��
�� ��
��
�� � � � � � �
�
� � �
��
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�� ��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�� �
��
�
��
����
�
��
��
���
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
����
�� ��
��
�
��
��
��
�� �
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
���
���
����
����
��
��
���
��
�
����
���
����
����
��
�����������
���
��
���
����
����
�
�������� ��� ���������!�����������������
���
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
��� ���
���
���
���
� �
�
�
�
��
�
�
���
���
$%%%%%%%
$%%%%%%%%%%
�
���
������ �
�
�
� �
�� �
�
�
���
��� ���
��� ���
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
���
���
�
��
��
�
����
�
�
���
��
��
�
��
��
��
��
��
� �
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��������� ��!�"�# "
�
� � � � � � � � �
�
�
� � �
�
�
�� �
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
� �
�
��
�
� �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
�
� �
���
��� ��� ���
���
� � � �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
�� � �
���
������ ���
���
� � � � �
�
�
��
� �
�
�
��
�
� � � �
��
� �
��� ��� ��� ���
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
��
�� �
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�� ��
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
����
��
��
�� �
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
��
����
��
�
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
� �
� �
� �
�
�����������
�����
�� ��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
� �
�
� �
��
� �
�
�
�
�
�
����
�
�
�
� �
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
���
��
�
�� ��
��
�
�
�
�
��
��
��
��
�
��
�
�� �
� ��
�� � � �
� �
�� �
��
�
��
�
�� �
� �
�� � � �
�
�
� � �
� �
���
��
�
� �
� � ��
� � �
�
��
�
� '
�
�
��
�
��
�
�� � �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�� � �
�
� � � �
�
� � � � �
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
����������� ������������� ��� ������
� �
����������� ������������� ��� ������
����������� ������������� ��� ������
���
����
����
� �
���
����
����
� �
���
����
����
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
������
��
��
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
���
� � �
�
�
�
�� �
��� ���
���
��� �� ���
��
��
���
�� ��
�
�
�
���
��� ���
���
���
���
�
�
�
� �� �
��� �
�
��
�
�
�
� ��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
���
���
��
��
��
�� �
���
��
��� ���
���
��
�
�
�
�
��
��
��
�
���
��
�
� ��
��
��
�
�
�
� ��
��
�
�
��
�� �
�
���
��� ���
�
�
�� � � � � �
���
��
��� ������ ��� ���
� �
�
� � � � � � � � � ��� �
�
�
��� ��� ���
��� ���
������ ���
�
�
��
� � � �
��
�
��� ���
������ ���
������
�
�
� �
�
�
�
�
���
���
��
���
� � � � � �
�
� � � �
���
���
���
��� ���
�
� �
��
�
�
���
���
���
���
��
���
��
��
��
����
��
���
��
���
��� ��
�
�����
����
�
��
���
���
�����
�����
�����
�
�� ��
��
�
���� ��
���
���
�
��
�
�
��
�
����
��
�� ����
����
���
��
�
��
���
��
��
��
��
��
����
����
���
�� ����
�� ��
��
�
���
� ��
����
��
���
��
��
���
��
�
��
����
���
�
��
�
����
����
����
���
��
��� ��
��
�
����
����
��
����� �
�
��
����
���
���
��
����
�
�
�
�
��
���
���
���
���
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
��
��
���
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
��
��
�� ���
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
��
��
�
�
��
��
��
�
��
��
��
�
��
���
�
��
�
��
���
�
��
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
��
����
�
�
� ����
����
�
�
�
�
����
�
��
�
�
��
���
�
���
�
��
�
�
����
��
����
���
����
��
��
�
�
���
�
��
�
���
�
�
�
�
� �
��
�
��
� ��
��
�
����
��
��
��
�� ��
����
���� �
�� � �
�
� � � �
�
� �
����
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
����
���
�
�
��
���
��
��
�
��
�
�� ��
��
�
� �
��
�
��
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�� �
�
�
�
��
���
���
� ��
����
��
��
����
����
����
�� ��
�� � � �
�
� �
�
� � � �
��
�
���
� ��
���
��
����
����
�� ���� ��
����
���
��
�
� �
�
��
� ��
�
����
�
�
��
���
�
����
��
��
��
���
����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
� �
���
����
����
��
���
����
����
�� ���������� �������������
����"� ��������������������� ������������������
���
�� ���������� �������������
�� ���������� �������������
���
����
����
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�����
��
���
��
���
��
���
�
�
��
�� �
� ��
��
�� �
�
��
���
���
���
���
�
�
��� �����
��
���
$%%%%%%
�
�
�
��
���
���
���
���
���
�
��
��
��
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
������
��� ��
�
�
�
��
��
��
�
� ��
� ��
�
��
�� ��� ���
�
�� ��� ���
�� ���
� �
�� ��� ���
�
�
� �
��� ��� ���
�
�
���
�
�
�
��
���
��
� �
� �
�
��� ��� �� ���
��� �� ��� ���
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
�� ���
���
��
�
�
���
���
���
��
��
�� ��
���
����
� ��
��
��
��
���
� ����
�
��
�
��
����
���
�
�
� ���
��
��
��
��
��
�� ��
���
��
��
��
�
��
� ��
�
���
�� ���� ��
������
���
�
�
�
�
���
��
�
��
���
�
������
��
��
�
����
��
��
��
��
���
�
��
���
��
���
�
�
����
��
� ����
����
��
�������
�
��
���
�
�
��
��
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
����
�
��
���
�
���
��
����
��
��
���
���
�� ��
��
����
������
�
��� ��
��
���
��
��
��
�
��
�
�
��
��
� ��
�
��
�
��
���
�
��
�
���
��
���
��
��
��
��
���
��
���
�
�
�
��
��
��
�� ��
������
���
�
�
�
��
�
�
����
�
��
�
�
�
�
���
�
��
��
�� ��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
����
����
�
� ��
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
���
��
�
�� ��
�
��
�
����
��
��
��
�
�
���
�
�
�
��
�
��
� �
��
�
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
���
��
�
�
���
��
��
��
�
�
��
�
��
��
��
����
��
��
��
�
��
�
�
� ��
���
���
��
�
�� ���
��
�
��
��
�
��
�
� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
�
�
��
��
��
�� ��
���
��
�� ��� ��
�
�
�
��
�
��
��
�
�
�
���
���
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
��
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
����
�
� ��
��
��
�
��
��
����
����
��
�
����
��
��
����
����
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
����
�
����
�
��
���
��
�
��
��
� ��
��
��
�
�
�
��
�� ��
�
��
���
��
��
�� ��
����
��
�
��
��
�
��
�
��
��
�
���
��
�
�
� �
��
�
���
�
�
�
���
� �
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
���
���
����
����
��
���
����
����
����������� ��� ��� ������
�� ��������"�������������������# �$ ���� �����"��%�
���
���
���
���
���
���
����
���
��
��
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
��
�
���
�
� �
���
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
���
�
�
��
�
��
������
�� ��� ���
��� �� ��� ��� ���
�
�
��
�� �
���
��
���
���
��
���
�
��
� � �
�
�
�
��
���
���
��� ���
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
�
�
��
�
� ��
��
���
���
���
�
�
��
��
��
�
� �� �
� ��
��
���
��
���
�
� ��
���
�
� � �
��
���
��
��� ���
��
��
��
�� �
� ��
��
�
�� �
�
��
��
�� �
�
��� ���
�
�
�
��� ��� ���
������ ���
�� ��� ��� ��� ���
�
�
������ ���
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��� ���
��� ���
���
���
�
��� ��� ������ ���
����
�����
���
����
�
��
�
���
�
���
�
��
�
�
����
�
�
��
��
� ��
���
�������
��
��
�
����
��
�
����
��
��
�����
�
���
��
��
�
����
�
��
�����
��
��
����
� ��
���
�
��
�
��
����
����
�� ��
����
���
��
��
��
�
��
���
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
����
�
���
�
��
��
��
�
��
��
� ���
��
��
���
�
���
��
�
��
�
���
��
� ���
��
��
� ����
�
� ���� ��
����
����
��
� ����
��
��
����
�� ��
��
�
�
��
��
�
��
����
��
����
�� ��
����
��
����
����
����
�
��
�
��
�
���
�
�
��
��
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
���
��
���
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
�
����
�
�
�
��
��
��
����
���
��
��
���
��
��
��
����
��
����
��
�� ��
�
���� ��
����� ��
��
����
���� ��
����
��
�
�� ��
���
�
����
���� ��
�
��
��
��
���
��
�� ��
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
���
�
�����
�
�
�
�
���
�
��
����
���
����
��
��
�� ��
�
���
��
�
��
���
�
��
�
�� ��
�
��
��
���
�
�
��
�
��
��
��
��
����
��
��
��
�� ��
�
�
��
��
��
���
����
��
� ��
��
��
��
����
��
���
��
���
�
��
��
�
��
��
����
���
��
��
��
���
���� ��
�
�
�
����
��
���
�
�
����
��
���
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
����
��
����
��
�
��
�
�
��
���� ��
��
�
�� ������
�
���
�
�
����
�
�
����
�
���
��
��
����
����
��
�����
��
�
�
��
���
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
��
��
��
����
���
����
���
����
���
����
���
�
���
����
����
����� ����������
��������!�����������������
��������!�����������������
��
����� ����������
����� ����������
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
������ ���
���
���
��� ���
�
��
��
�
����� ��� ���
��
��� �� ��� ���
�
��� �����
���
�
�
��� ����� ��
�
�
�
�
��� ��
�
��� �� �� ���
�
�
��
��� ��� ���
��
�
�
�����
����
���
�
�
���
�
�� �
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
� � �� �
��
��
� �
���
�
��
��
�� �
���
�
�
��
��
��
��
��
� �
�� �
�
� � � �
���
� �
�
�����
��
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
��
��
��
� ��
���
��
�
�
���
�
��
��
���
�
��
�
�
��
���
���
��
��
�����
����
��
��� ��
��
���
��
��
��
����
�
��
�
�
�����
��
� �
�
�
� � � �
�
� ���
��
��
�����
������
��
�� ��
���
��
��
��
��
��
�
�
� ���
� ��
��
���
����
��
��
�
����
�� ����
�
�
�
� �
� � � �
� � � �
�
� �
� � � �
�
� �
� �
��
��
���
��
��
����
��
��
�
��
��
�
��
��
�
�
� ���
�
�
��
�
�
��
� ��
���
��
��
��
��
�� ��
�
�
�
����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �
� � � �
� � �
�
��
��
��
���
�
��
�
����
��
��
�
�� ���
�
��
�
���
��
�
�
� � � � � � � �
�
� � �
�
� � � �
�
� �
� � �
� � � � � � � � �
��
�
�
�
��
���
���
���
�
��
����
�
���
�
�
��
� �
����
�
���
�
��
� ��
���
��
��
��
��
�
��
�� ��
��
�
��
�
��
��
��
����
����
�� ��
��
��
�� ����
��
��� ��
���
���
���
���
�
���
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
���
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
���
��
��
� �
��
�
���
�
��
�
���
�
�
��
�
���
�� ��
��
��
�� ��
�
�� ��
��
�
�
�
�
��
���
�
��
�
��
��
��
��
��
����
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
� �
��
�
���
��
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
���
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
����
����
���
���
����
����
���
���
����
����
���
���
����
����
���
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
����
����
���
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
����
����
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
� ��
�
� �
�
�
�
� �
� �
� ��
�
�
��
�
� �� �
� �
�
�
�
��
��
��
��
�
�
��
��
��
��
��
� �
��
���
���
� ��
��
� ��
��
�
���
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
� ��
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
�� �
�
��
��
��� ���
�
�
� ��
��
�� � �
�� �
��
��
�� �
�
�� �
�
� �
�
��
���
��
��
��
� ���
��
��
�� �
� ��
��
��� ���
�
��
��
��
��
�
���
��
�
�
�� �
���
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
� �
�
�
� �� �
���
�� �
�
��
��
��
���
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
�� �
�
� ��
�
�� �
�
��
��
��
�
���
��
���
�
���
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
� �� �
���
��
�
��
���
��
�� �
� ��
��
��
��
���
�
�� �� �
���
��
��
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� ��
�� ��
�����
�
��
�����
��
��
��
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
���
��� ���
���
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� ��
� �
�� � �
� ���
�� ��
��
���
���
��
��
��
���
�� �
���
��
����
��
��
��
���
��� ���
���
�
�
�� ��
�� ��
��
��
��
��
� �
���
�
� � ��
����
�
� � ��
� �
�
�
���
��
�
�� ��
��
��
��
�
� ��
��
�
�
�
�
���
������
���
� ��
� ��
�
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� �
���
��
��
��
��
��
����
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��� ���
���
�� �
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
����
��
��
�� ��
��
��
����
�� ��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
��� ���
���
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
� ��
�
� ��
��
�� �
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� ��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� ��
��
��
������
���
�
���
�
��
��
��
�� �
��� �
�
�� �
��� �
���
��
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
�� �
��
��
��
�� �
��� �
�
�� �
���
�� �� ��
�� �
�
�� �
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� �
���
��
��
�� �
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� �
���
�� �� ��
�
�
��
��
�� �
���
�� �
�
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
�
� ��
�
� ��
�
���
��
�� �
�
��
��
��
�� �
�
�� �
���
��
��
��
�� �� ��
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� �
���
�� �
� ��
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
��
��
�� �
���
�� �
�
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
�����
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� �
���
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
�� �
���
�� �
� ��
��
��
��
�� �
�
�� �
�
�� �
��� �
�
�� ���
��
�
��
��
�
� ��
�
� ��
�
���
��
�� �
� ��
��
�� �
� ��
��
�� �
� ��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� �
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
�� ��� ��
� ����
�
��
�
����
���
�
��
�
�
���
� ���� ��
���
��
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
��
����
��
���
�
�
�
���
� �
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�����
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
� �
��
��
�
�
�
�����
��
���
�
��
��
��
�
���
�
��
��
�
���
�
�
����
�
�
�
� �
��
��
� �
��
�
�
��
���
� ���
�
�
�
���
�
� ���
�
��
�
�
���
�
��
�
�
��
� ��
�
�
�
�
��
��
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
� �
��
��
�
� ��
��
��
�
�
��
� �
�
�
�����
�
�
��
��
��
�
�
�
��
��
��
�
�
�
��
��
�
��
��
�
�
��
��
�
��
���
� ��
��
�� ��
���
�
���
�
���
�
���
�
���
�
���
�
���
�
���
�
���
�
���
�
��
�
�
�
����
�
��
� �
�
�
�
��
� ��
��
���
��
��
��
�
���
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
����
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
��
��
�
��
�
�
��
���
�
�
�
�
���
���
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
�
��� �
��
�
��
�
�
��� ��
� ��
�
��
�
��
��
��
� �����
�
���
��
��� ��
��
��
����
� ��
�
��
����
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
����
�
�
�
�
�
��
����
�
�
�
����
�
�
� �
�
��
��
��
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
�
���
�
��
��
��
��
���
�
��
�
��
����
�
��
�
��
�
��
� �
�
�
������
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
����
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
�
��
� ��� �
�
��
��
���
�
��
��
��
��
���
��
��
� �
��
�
�
�
�
��
���
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
����
�
��
�
��
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�� ���
�
�
� �
�
�
��
�
�
����
��
��
�
�����
��
� ��
�
�
����
�� ����
�� ��
��
���
����
��
�
��
������
����
���
��
��
���
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
����
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
����
�
��
����
�
��
��
�
�
��
�
��
��
�
� �
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
� ����
���
�
��
�
�
��
������
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
���
�
��
���
�
��
�
�
����
�
�
��
��
�
���
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
��
��
� �
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
���
��
��
���
��
��
��
���
��
�
�
�
�
�
� ��
��
����
���
����
���� �� ��
�
�
��
��
���
����
�
�� ��
��
����
���
����
��
����
�
�
��
��
��
���
�
�
��
�
��
�
����
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
����
�
��
�
����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
��
� �
�
�
��
�����
�
��
�
����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
�
��
��
��
�
��
��
��
�
��
���
����
��
�
��
�� ��
��
����
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
��
��
�
��
��� �
���
�
��
� �
�
��
��
��
��
�
��
� �
��
�
���
�
�
��
�
�
��
���
�
���
��
�
���
��� �
��
����
�
��
�
��
����
��
�
��
��
��
���
��
���
����
��
�
��
� �
�
�
��
�����
�
��
�
����
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
��
��
� �
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
��
�
�
�
��
�� ��
��
�
�
���
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
���
��
��
�
��
��
�
���
�
���
�
��
��
��
�
�
���
��
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
��
�
��
���
�
��
� ���
��
��
�
�
��
�
�
��
��
��
�
��
� ��
��
��
�
�
�
�
�
��
��
��