Julius Caesar

• Patrician Consul

• Triumvirate – 3 consuls, Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar

• Oligarchy

Rise to Power

• Leads northern Armies• Conquers Gaul without Senate

authorization• Senate fears his power – calls him back to

appear in Forum• Caesar crosses the Rubicon with his army• Surrounds Senate• Voted Dictator by them “Dictator for

Life”

Reforms & Impact

Reforms• Citizenship to

provinces• New senators• New colonies for

landless poor• Increased pay for

army• Creation of more jobs

Impacts• Expands Roman

territory & creates support for himself

• People favor Caesar over Senate

• Senate Assassinates Caesar

• Death leads to Civil War

Caesar Augustus 27BC – 14AD(Octavian - Nephew of Julius

Caesar)• 1st Emperor (absolute power)• Rebuilt Rome after civil war• “I found Rome a city of sun-

baked bricks and left it a city of marble.”

• Supported arts• Tax reform• Food imports• Public Works - Building,

temples, roads (creating jobs)

The Tomb of Augustus

Julio-Claudians(family of Julius Caesar)

• Tiberius

• Caligula

• Claudius

• Nero

The Good Emperors

• Skilled in governing• Promoted building projects and expansion• Nerva• Trajen• Hadrian• Antoninus Pious• Marcus Aurelius – “philosopher king”

The City

Pax Romana

• 200 years of Peace within the Empire

• Begins with Augustus’ Reign

• Massive building and engineering projects

The Appian Way

A Road in England

Circus Maximus

Roman

Forum

The Empire