The Rise of Caesar……and the Fall of Rome

The Rule of Julius Caesar

• The First Triumvirate: Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey rule.

• Caesar appointed Dictator in 46 B.C.

• Caesar appointed Dictator…for life in 44 B.C.

Caesar Reforms Rome1. Gives Roman citizenship to those in far away

provinces held by Rome.

2. Expands the Senate

3. Helps the poor by creating jobs (ex. constructing public buildings)

4. Starts colonies so people can afford land

5. Increases pay for soldiers

Which of Caesar’s reforms do you think is most important to

the success of the Roman Empire? Why?

A New Rome• Caesar is stabbed on the steps of the Senate

floor.

• Caesar’s murder leads to Civil War in Rome.

• The Second Triumvirate: Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus

Problems Continue

• Lepidus is forced to retire.

• Mark Antony is defeated by Octavian.

• Octavian triumphs and rules as AUGUSTUS (the exalted one) in 27 B.C.

Octavian Augustus’ Rule

• Enter the Pax Romana: Roman Peace

• Organizes the Civil Service: Pays officials to manage government affairs

• The Denarius is created. Denarius is a common coin used for trade throughout the Roman Empire.

• Gladiator games were held to distract the poor.

The Legacy of the Roman Empire

– Realistic Sculpture and Mosaics

– Latin was spread across the continent.

– Architecture was improved: (arches, concrete, domes, aqueducts, Coliseum)

– Laws apply to all equally, and people are innocent until proven guilty.

– Guarantee rights to all citizens in Rome.

The Colosseum

Aqueducts

Roman Roads