Julia Tang Documentation
Transcript of Julia Tang Documentation
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DECO3100InformationVisualizationDesignStudio
Assignment1DataSculptureDocumentationJuliaTang
307204367
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DataCharacteristicsIwasresearchingaviationincidentsandthecausesofeachAustralianstate.Atfirst,Ijustlookedat
theaccidentsanddeaths;howevertherewereotheraviationfactorsandconcernsthatpeople
probablydonotknowabout.Forexample,therearevariousincidents,notjustterroristattacksthat
contributeto
aviation
safety.
What
was
the
most
interesting
cause
(in
my
opinion)
was
the
number
ofbirdstrikeincidentsoccurringattheairports.Thefeedbackalsohighlightedthatthisperspective
wasveryinteresting.
Datasets
Thistablebelow(createdbyManyEyes)showsthebirdstrikesatmajorairportsinAustralia.
Sourcedata:"Table17:Birdstrikesatmajoraerodromes,2000to31December2008"Aviation
Statistics1January1998to31December2008;ATSBTransportSafetyReport.
http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/2009/pdf/AviationStats.pdf
Thatgraphabovestatesthetotalamountofbirdstrikesbutthetotalamountofplanesdeparting
andarrivingisdifferentineachstate.HenceIusedtherateofbirdstrikesincomparisontothe
numberofinboundandoutboundflights.Itshowsacleareramountofthestatesbeingaffected.
Birdstrikerateper10000totalmovements2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
ACT 1.04 0.57 2.18 3.88 5.25NSW 1.54 2.32 2.92 2.73 2.5NT 8.41 8.19 11.59 13.47 7.92QLD 2.74 4.38 5.4 7.11 3.95SA 2.89 3.54 5.71 5.7 5.1TAS 7.98 5.62 3.26 8.56 9.16VIC 2.05 1.89 3.08 3.21 3.67WA
1.52 3.29
4.35
3.64 4.11
http://manyeyes.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/visualizations/australia-bird-strikeshttp://manyeyes.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/visualizations/australia-bird-strikes -
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Ihaveusedrecentdatafrom2000to2008becausepreviouslyinAustralia,reportingbirdstrikesonly
happenedwhentherewasmajordamagetoanaircraft.
Pattern
Mydata
attributes
were
the
number
of
bird
strikes,
the
total
number
of
incidents,
and
the
number
ofaccidents.ThepatternIfoundoutwasnomatterinwhichstate,thenumberofaviationincidents
hasmaintainedastableslowincrease,howeverthenumberofbirdstrikesincreaseddramatically.
Hereismycompiledfinaldata:
AustralianGovernment:DepartmentofTransportandRegionalServicesDatabaseNumberofAustralianIncidentsinvolvingBirdstrikebyStateandYear
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008ACT 21 24 11 9 22 33 48 40 31NSW 136 134 156 175 220 226 233 276 277NT 73 82 126 104 124 160 116 125 125QLD 193 214 236 317 375 460 417 446 507SA 55 79 76 66 114 123 105 103 102TAS 11 42 38 30 32 58 43 65 62VIC 72 80 71 63 111 133 138 90 127WA 81 81 83 97 118 112 162 152 130
NumberofAustralianIncidentsinTotalbyStateandYear2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
ACT 108 88 78 66 93 122 149 99 128NSW 1831 1735 1940 1535 1517 2091 2188 2519 2405NT 391 378 443 423 442 420 446 508 497QLD 1389 1267 1322 1078 1170 1572 1699 1572 1904SA 334 366 346 281 365 408 556 738 518TAS 76 115 105 97 118 153 135 170 179VIC 849 756 797 582 590 806 969 843 892WA 619 577 588 572 593 599 1031 1048 1017
Numberof
Australian
Accidents
involving
Bird
strike
by
State
and
Year
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
ACT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0NSW 1 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 1NT 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0QLD 3 2 2 1 1 1 0 2 1SA 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0TAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0VIC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0WA 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
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Theaccidentsinvolvingbirdsweremoreofanoutlier;itdidntactuallymeananythingbecausethey
onlyrepresentedoneortwoaccidents,nothundreds.
Nowwhatisintriguingisthemeaningbehindthetrend.
Iresearched
abit
more,
and
there
were
some
papers
on
the
insight
of
why
the
number
of
bird
strikesisincreasing.
Modernaircraftsareincreasing,withfasterspeed,andenginesarequieter increasingthe
probabilityasbirdshavelesstimetoreact.Thesurroundingsofanairporthavemoregrassland
becauseresidentialpropertycannotbebuiltdotothenoise,sotherearewetlandsandagricultural
landswhichattractbirds.Waterisalsomoreavailableatairfields,andwetweathercanencourage
thebirdstofeedonthegrassland.
Source:ACostEffectiveGrasslandManagementStrategytoReduceTheNumberofBirdstrikes.
http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16576/2/02whole.pdf
DesignRationaleThedimensionsandformofthesculptureshouldbedrivenbythedata.Hence,thephysicalform
isactuallytheliteraltranslationoftheselinegraphs(thedataderivedfromthetableabove).
ThenumberofincidentsinvolvingbirdstrikesinAustralianstates:
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
ACT
NSW
NT
QLD
SA
TAS
VIC
WA
Toconnectthisgraphandtheonebelowwasthedataoftheaccidentsinvolvingbirdstrikes.There
wereonlyonetothreeaccidentsatmostineachstate,sothethicknessofthejointscharacterized
thatnumber.
ThetotalnumberofaviationincidentsinAustralianstates:
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
ACT
NSW
NT
QLD
SA
TAS
VIC
WA
Thesideviewissupposedtolooklikethis(minusthefeathers),however,myactualmodelisnotas
smoothasIwantedittobe.ItwasbecauseIusedMaya8.03Dmodellingsoftwareandwas
advisedto
use
the
3D
printer,
hence
polygons.
Inever
really
used
polygons
before
and
handling
it
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wasslightlydifferenttoNurbs.Ineverexpectedittobesoridged.Attheendofthemodel,I
smoothedit,butnotenough.
Modelling
Thelengthofeachstateisactuallythemostimportant,itisthebirdstrikerateper10000total
movements.Withthat,youcanseewhichstateismoreaffectedasitcomparesthebirdstrikesto
thenumberofaviationflights.
ThisistheNTsculpturepart.Whatisseenisthebacksidewiththebirdstrikedata.Whateachplate
hasonitisthebirdwhichcausedthemostnumberofincidentsinthestate.
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ThebeginningforNSW,exploringthepolygons.
ThefirstencounterIhadwasputtinganimageplaneinthebackground.Readalotoftutorialsto
ome,I
d
finallyfindthemostsimplestone.IcreatedtheNSWsculptureathome,andwenttoUniversity
computerlabstoeditit.Unfortunately,theimagesdidnotturnout,Ichangedthelocation
accordingly,butitwouldnotshow.SoIeditedthemodeltoalmostperfection.WhenIgoth
beganreceivinganerrorstatementErrorshaveoccurredwhilereadingthisscenethatmayresultin
dataloss.
Please
check
the
Script
Editor
for
details.
Iwas
really
scared
that
Ihad
lost
all
my
work,
andsowentbacktouniversitytoretrievethefilessavedontheDdrive.MetEricalongtheway,an
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hetoldmeitwasjustbecauseoftheMayaversionIhaveisanoldone.Intheend,IredidtheNSW
datapiece.Tookmehalfthetimeofworrying.
IthoughtIhadfinishedmodelling,sotwistedthemodel.ThenIreadthatlabelshadtobeusedso
addedontext.PainstakinglyIaddedeachletter,transformeditsoitwouldfittheshapeoftheedge.
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Iaddedallthepiecestogether...ThenIdecidednottohavethetwistbecauseitdoesnotshowthe
designasclearasitwouldnormally.Onedeletionofthetwistedline,itbecamenormal,exceptfor
thetext.Veryannoying.
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Thepieceswerealljoinedtogetherroughlyatthebase.Ihopetheuserwouldbeabletointeractit
bylookingatthedifferentsidesandthroughallthegapsinbetween.
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Iwouldhavebenteachstatepieceiftherewasjustthree.ButIsawthattherewastimesoI
createdmore,Iwasabletocreate5statesintotal.Itendedupbeingafanshape,notentirely
representingthepropeller;itlooksmorelikeabirdtome.
Ismoothedthepolygon,anditlookslikethisnow:
Printing
Thechallengehere,wasconvertingtheMayamodeltoSTLfileforthe3Dprinter.Ismoothedmy
designout,sotherewasover900000facets(asyoucanseeabovecomparedtothesimplepolygon
faces).IexportedtheMayafiletoOBJ,butRhinoceroscouldnotopentheOBJfilebecauseitwas
135Mb.Itjustkeptoncrashingtodesktop.
Iwassoscaredatthistimethatmydesignwouldnotbeabletobetransferredacross.
HadtoreducethepolygonsinMaya(usedthepc'sintheDigitalHub thecomputerstherehave
like8Coresand8GbofRAMwithreallynicebigscreens).Unfortunately,itendedupnotbeingso
roundand
smoothed.
Then
imported
the
OBJ
file
into
Rhino,
took
around
20
minutes
to
load.
Saving
asSTLfilewasfaster,butoveralltookanhourtofinallyimportittoprint.
Wentdownstairstothecutting/3dprinter/millroom,andGabehelpedmeoutwithimportingthe
fileandfixingthetriangularproblems.Iincreasedmyscaleby150%becauseitjustlookedsosmall.
LuckilyIdiditbecausemuchofthedesignwasactuallyquitesmall.Senttothe3Dprinterfor$40.15.
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FinalDataSculpture
Arrivedthe
next
morning
to
find
Rick
removing
the
sculptures
from
the
3D
Printer.
He
then
got
rid
of
theexcesspowder,andstartedsprayingwateronittoplaceitintheoven.
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Thesculpturesweretobebakedforhalfanhour,andcooledforoverhalfanhour.
Hereismysculpture,stillwarmfromtheoven:
TheQfromQLDismissing.
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Asyoucanseehere,someofthetextdidnotcomeout.NankeenKestrelwashalfmissing.
Otherwise,itsasuccess.
I
saw
the
other
sculptures,
and
found
that
they
were
very
aesthetic
and
curvy.
I
decided
to
paint
the
sculpture.
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Painting
Ifoundaboxofacrylicpaint(waterbasedcoloursneededforthismaterial).
Istartedmixingalittleofthepaintstogether(blueandyellowforgreen).Butitwasnotenough,as
thismaterial
just
started
absorbing
everything
so
very
fast.
Ihad
to
do
so
many
remixes
Ilost
track
ofthetone.
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PaintingtheentiresculpturetooklongerthanIthought.Excludingtheprocrastinationtime,thistook
over6hourstopaintbecauseitwassofragile.Someofthejointsinthemiddlecrumbledalittleon
thesidewhenpainted.
Itgot
alittle
messy
because
everything
had
to
be
fast
paced
or
else
everything
would
set.
Thegreenrepresentstheamountofwildlifeconservationsurroundingtheairports.Thedarkerthe
green,themoregrasslandtherewas.
Theblueportraysthetemperature,thedarkertheblue,thecolderitis.Iwantedtousered,butI
thoughtitmightturnouttolooklikeaChristmastoyinsteadoftherealityIwantedtorepresent.
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Iwasmovingittopaintitinadifferentdirection,butVictoriabrokeoff!
Reallyscared(again)becausewhenIslightlytouchedtheendsofthepiece,itwouldjustcrumble.
Noticethewhitepowderonthenewspaper,itfeltlikeasifthewholemodelhadturnedtodust.
UsingTicTactoholdthesculpturewhilsttheglueworked.Didntdaretouchituntilanhourlater.
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Startedpaintingagainthenextday.
Ididnotwantthegreenandbluetomixatthecentre,becausethenthatwilldistracttheuserfrom
seeingthelongjoints(fortheaccidents).SoIchosetocolourityellow,andtheinsideofthe
sculpturepale
yellow.
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Ioriginallywantedtheentiresculpturetobesilver,howeveritdidnotlookgood.Intheend,I
paintedtheentiresculpturewithdilutedsilver,soitwasshiny.Afterwardsthetextwaspaintedin
pureacrylicpainttohighlightthewords(andfillinsomemissingletters).
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ResearchanddatasourcesItwasverydifficulttofindresourcesthatoriginatedfromAustraliaandnotUnitedStates,United
KingdomorEuropeancountries.
Inthe
end,
Ifound
and
used
the
data
from
the
Australian
Transport
Safety
Bureau.
Ifound
alot
of
reportsrelatingtoaviationandincidents.Whatwasgreatwasthattheyhadanonlinedatabaseof
safetydata.Itwasveryconcise,andthatiswhatleadmetoworkoneachstateinsteadofAustralia
asawholebecauseeachstatehadvariableinformation.
HerearesomesourcesIusedforthefinaldataset.
NASAAviationSafetyReportingSystem,http://www.37000feet.com/
ASRSReportBirdorAnimalStrikeReports,http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/docs/rpsts/animal.pdf
AviationAccidentsandIncidents,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_accidents_and_incidents
AircraftAccidentStatistics,http://www.1001crash.com/indexpagestatistiquelg2.html
AccidentStatistics,http://www.baaaacro.com/Statistiques%20diverses.htm
BureauofTransportationStatisticsTable21:TransportationFatalitiesbyMode
http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_02_01.html
PlaneCrashInfo,http://www.planecrashinfo.com
AustralianTransportSafetyBureau,AviationStatisticsReport,
http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/2009/AviationStats.aspx
AustralianTransportSafetyBureau,AviationOccurrenceDatabase,
http://statistics.dotars.gov.au/aviation/login.do?guest=guest&tableId=user/aviationuser/Accidents%20by%20
State.txd
ATBSAviationResearchandAnalysisReport,Trendsinimmediatelyreportablemattersinvolvingregular
publictransportoperationsPage21http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/2007/pdf/b20070107_001.pdf
ATBS,AnAnalysisofAustralianBirdstrikeOccurrences20022006,Page36
http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/2008/pdf/AR2008027.pdf
Bureau
of
Transport
and
Regional
Economics,
Aviation
Statistics
Page
17
http://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/54/Files/Digest200405.pdf
Formoredetailsinvolvingtheinitialprocessesofthesculpturedesign,pleasereadmyblogat
http://infostudio2009.ning.com/profile/Julia.