JudaismJudaism

First mend yourself, then mend First mend yourself, then mend othersothers

-Hebrew Proverb-Hebrew Proverb

Judaism: OriginsJudaism: Origins

Hebrews originated in MesopotamiaHebrews originated in Mesopotamia God chose Abraham to be the God chose Abraham to be the

“father,” or first, of the Hebrew “father,” or first, of the Hebrew people.people.

Migrated to Canaan (Palestine) Migrated to Canaan (Palestine) around 2000 B.C.E.around 2000 B.C.E.

JERUSALEMJERUSALEM - holy city in the - holy city in the Middle EastMiddle East

Moved to Egypt in 1350 B.C.E. (due Moved to Egypt in 1350 B.C.E. (due to drought and threat of famine)to drought and threat of famine)

The book of Genesis tells The book of Genesis tells that the Israelites left that the Israelites left Canaan due to a famine. Canaan due to a famine.

They migrate to Egypt, They migrate to Egypt, where they are enslaved. where they are enslaved.

There they build…..There they build…..

The Return to CanaanThe Return to Canaan In time Moses led the In time Moses led the Israelites to freedom by an Israelites to freedom by an

Exodus or escape from Exodus or escape from Egypt.Egypt.

Judaism: Origins Judaism: Origins Returned to Canaan – the land they Returned to Canaan – the land they

believed was promised to them by God believed was promised to them by God Israel, 1300 B.C.E.Israel, 1300 B.C.E. Later (922 B.C.E.) split into two parts: Later (922 B.C.E.) split into two parts:

Israel (north) Judah (south). Both had to Israel (north) Judah (south). Both had to pay pay Tribute:Tribute: peace and money to a peace and money to a stronger power. (Assyria & Babylon)stronger power. (Assyria & Babylon)

Exiled to Babylon: 538 B.C.E. 40,000 Exiled to Babylon: 538 B.C.E. 40,000 returned to Jerusalem & rebuilt walls: returned to Jerusalem & rebuilt walls: 445 B.C.E. 445 B.C.E.

The Kingdom of IsraelThe Kingdom of Israel By 1000 B.C., the Israelites set up a kingdom in By 1000 B.C., the Israelites set up a kingdom in

Canaan called Israel.Canaan called Israel. David, a strong and shrewd king, united the David, a strong and shrewd king, united the

feuding Israelite tribes into a single nation. feuding Israelite tribes into a single nation. David’s son Solomon turned Jerusalem into an David’s son Solomon turned Jerusalem into an

impressive capital.impressive capital. Solomon’s ambitions and building Solomon’s ambitions and building

achievements required high taxes and much achievements required high taxes and much forced labor. forced labor.

Revolts begin and the kingdom splits, Israel to Revolts begin and the kingdom splits, Israel to the north and Judah in the south.the north and Judah in the south.

Like Rome, what do you think this did?Like Rome, what do you think this did?

Division and ConquestDivision and Conquest Weakened by the division, the Israelites Weakened by the division, the Israelites

could not fight off invading armies. could not fight off invading armies. In 722 B.C. Israel fell to the Assyrians.In 722 B.C. Israel fell to the Assyrians. In 586 B.C. Judah fell to the Babylonians. In 586 B.C. Judah fell to the Babylonians. Nubuchadnezzar (Neba-ka-nez-er) Nubuchadnezzar (Neba-ka-nez-er)

destroyed the great temple and forced destroyed the great temple and forced many Israelites into exile in Babylon. many Israelites into exile in Babylon. During this period the Israelites become During this period the Israelites become known as the Jews. known as the Jews.

Jewish RebellionJewish Rebellion

66 C.E. Zealots rebelled against Rome.66 C.E. Zealots rebelled against Rome. 70 C.E. Romans stormed Jerusalem & 70 C.E. Romans stormed Jerusalem &

destroyed the Temple complex. destroyed the Temple complex. Only remaining portion was the Only remaining portion was the

WESTERN WALL.WESTERN WALL. ½ Million Jews killed during rebellion½ Million Jews killed during rebellion 132 C.E. Another ½ Million Jews killed 132 C.E. Another ½ Million Jews killed

(3 years time)(3 years time) Jews driven Jews driven Homeland ( Homeland (DiasporaDiaspora))

Roots of JudaismRoots of Judaism Israelites, or Hebrews, Israelites, or Hebrews,

believed that God was believed that God was highly influential in highly influential in their lives. As a result, their lives. As a result, they recorded events they recorded events and laws in the Torah, and laws in the Torah, their most sacred text. their most sacred text.

Contains events and Contains events and laws.laws.

Judaism: TextsJudaism: Texts Holy Book - Torah (1Holy Book - Torah (1stst five books of five books of

the Bible) – part of the Old the Bible) – part of the Old Testament Testament

Followers obey the 10 Followers obey the 10 COMMANDMENTS - Laws COMMANDMENTS - Laws

Talmud – Multi-volume text on Talmud – Multi-volume text on ethics and allegories (fundamental ethics and allegories (fundamental guide) guide)

Dead Sea Scroll – (Book of prophet Dead Sea Scroll – (Book of prophet Isaiah) found in 1940’sIsaiah) found in 1940’s

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Judaism: BeliefsJudaism: Beliefs

11stst MONOTHEISTICMONOTHEISTIC religion - belief religion - belief in 1 godin 1 god

Each person is free to choose to do Each person is free to choose to do good or evil.good or evil.

One should lead a good life and One should lead a good life and follow God’s word & life is holy.follow God’s word & life is holy.

Jesus is a prophet but not the Son of Jesus is a prophet but not the Son of GodGod

Abraham is the founder of Judaism.Abraham is the founder of Judaism.

Judaism: BeliefsJudaism: Beliefs

Covenant: Covenant: A mutual promise A mutual promise between God and the founder of between God and the founder of the Hebrew people. (Abraham the Hebrew people. (Abraham obeyed God)obeyed God)

New Covenant: New Covenant: God promised God promised to protect the Hebrews, in turn, to protect the Hebrews, in turn, they promised to keep God’s they promised to keep God’s commandments (Moses & Mount commandments (Moses & Mount Sinai)Sinai)

Judaism: LeadersJudaism: Leaders

God = YahwehGod = YahwehFounder = AbrahamFounder = AbrahamProphet = Moses, Ezekiel, & Prophet = Moses, Ezekiel, & Isaiah, ect. Isaiah, ect.

Jesus = Prophet but not son Jesus = Prophet but not son of Godof God

Rabbi= Teacher Rabbi= Teacher

Judaism: Holidays Judaism: Holidays

Rosh Hashanah = Jewish New Rosh Hashanah = Jewish New YearYear

Yom Kippur = Day of Atonement Yom Kippur = Day of Atonement (repent misdeeds of the year just (repent misdeeds of the year just past)past)

Hanukkah = Hebrew victory over Hanukkah = Hebrew victory over the Syrians in the 2the Syrians in the 2ndnd century. century.

Passover = honor delivery of the Passover = honor delivery of the Jewish people from slavery in Jewish people from slavery in Egypt. (“the Exodus”)Egypt. (“the Exodus”)

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