Harmonised Landslide Susceptibility Mapping for Europe

JRC-CEE Ispra (Italy)

26-27 May 2010

A new landslide inventory database in Granada (South Spain)

J.ChacónDept. Civil EngineeringUniversity of Granada

Spain

jchacon@ugr.es

MAP Tier 1 (1:1,000,000)

Tier 2 (1:200,000)

Tier 3a (1:25,000)

Tier 3b (1:10,000)

Methodology for susceptibility

Heuristics, weighted factors

Probabilistic, quantitative bivariate o multivariate

Probabilistic,

quantitative multivariat.

Deterministic, physical

models

Scale Inventory 1:200,000 1:50,000 1:10,000 1:10,000-

1:2000

Inventory geometry Points Polygon

s Points Polygons Polygons Polygons

Landslide size 1 – 5 Ha > 5 Ha 500–2500m2

> 2500 m2 > 100 m2 any

Information on the inventory Paragraph 2 Paragraph3 Full database information

Examples in South Spain:        Granada Province Landslide     Guadalfeo River      Villanueva de Susceptibility Map Valley (Granada)    San José (Sevilla)Chacón et al. (2007) Jiménez (2010)

Fernández (2003)      El Hamdouny et al.(2005)

Table 1:  Summary of proposed Tier‐level maps. Tier 3 has been further divided into two possible sublevels, 3a and 3b.Recommendations on a common approach for mapping areas at risk of landslides in Europe – Hervás, J. (Coord) et al. (2007) draft

Tiers-2

Fernández del Castillo, 2005Landslide inventory, Low Guadalfeo River Valley

RockfallSlidesEarth flowDebris flow

Tier-3a

Landslide databaseGuadalfeo river Valley (Granada,South Spain)

Tier-3a J.Jiménez, 2007

Tier-3a

J. Jiménez‐PerálvarezPhD Thesis

Detailed view of Landsliderupture & deposit inventory

J. Jiménez‐PerálvarezPhD Thesis

LandslideDatabase

Betic Cordillera

Attributes

J.ChacónC.IrigarayT.FernándezR.El Hamdouni

J.JiménezP.Fernández

Landslide inventory – Attributes Betic Cordillera

Landslide inventory – Attributes Betic Cordillera

Age scale: Contemporary (Present-1900); Historical (1899 to 0); Pre- Historical (0 a 5000 a.Ch.) e Hiper historical ( >5000 a.Ch.)

DurationScale

Diachrony

(years)

Equivalences Examples y references

I 0 –10-7

0 - 3,15 s Rock and soil block fall

II 10-7 –10-6

3,15 s–3,15 m

Rock slide in Frank (Alberta, Canadá, 1903; Benko and Stead, 1998)

III 10-6 –10-4

3,15 –52,6 m Avalanche in Huascarán (Perú, 1970; Carey, 2005)

IV 10-4 –10-2

52,6m –3,65d Earth flow in Monachil valley (Granada, 1924; Navarro Neumann, 1924).

V 10-2 –10-1

3,65 - 36,5 d Earth flow in Olivares (Moclín, Granada, 1986; Chacón y López, 1988).

VI 10-1 –100

36,5 d – 1 y Earth flow in Nara (Japón; Fujisawa et al., 2005)

VII 100 – 101 1 – 10 y Rock slide in Torvizcón (Granada, 1996)

VIII 101 – 102 10 – 100 y Rock slide in Almegíjar (Granada, 1996)

IX 102 – 103 100 –1000 y La Grieta of Benamejí, Córdoba 1730-2001; Ferrer et al., 2000)

X 103 –2x103

1000 – 2000 y

Slide-Earth flow in Slumgullion (Colorado, USA; Coe et al., 2003)

XI 2 x103-5x103

2000 – 5000 y

Slide-Earth flow in Man Tor (Derbyshire, UK; Arkwrigth et al., 2003)

XII > 5 x103

> 5.000 y Rincon Mountain Landslide (La Conchita, California, USA; Gurrola et al, 2009)

Table 2. Landslide age and duration scales, with some examples and references, (modified from Chacón, 2008).

Tier-3a

J. Jiménez‐PerálvarezPhD Thesis

Tier-3a

J. Jiménez‐PerálvarezPhD Thesis

10 y 11 de octubre de 2007Madrid

MODELOS PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE LA SUSCEPTIBILIDAD A LOS MOVIMIENTOS DE LADERA CON ArcGISJ. Jiménez(*), C. Irigaray, R. El Hamdouni, P. Fernández and J. Chacón. (*) jorgejp@ugr.esDepartamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Granada

Grupo de Investigaciones Medioambientales: Riesgos geológicos e Ingeniería del Terreno RNM-121

Susceptibility obtained by a bivariant matrix method (Irigaray et al., 2006)

10 y 11 de octubre de 2007Madrid

MODELOS PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE LA SUSCEPTIBILIDAD A LOS MOVIMIENTOS DE LADERA CON ArcGISJ. Jiménez(*), C. Irigaray, R. El Hamdouni, P. Fernández and J. Chacón. (*) jorgejp@ugr.esDepartamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Granada

Grupo de Investigaciones Medioambientales: Riesgos geológicos e Ingeniería del Terreno RNM-121

METHODOLOGYLANDSLIDE INVENTORY

DETERMINANT FACTORS

CROSSED CORRELATIONS

Validation

Landslide susceptibility map

Independent inventory

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Very Low Low Moderate High Very High

SUSCEPTIBILITY CLASS

DEG

REE

OF

FIT

(%

Grado de ajuste

Tier-2

Susceptibility Maps Guadalfeo River Valley (South Spain) 1: 20.000

Rockfalls Debris & Earth flows

J.Jiménez, 2006

Very lowLowModerateHighVery High

Very lowLowModerateHighVery High

Tier -3a

J.Jiménez, 2006

Very lowLowModerateHighVery High

Very lowLowModerateHighVery High

Susceptibility Maps Guadalfeo River Valley (South Spain) 1: 20.000

Slides (trans>rot) Complex landslides

Tier-3a

Integrated Landslide susceptibility mapof the Guadalfeo River Valley

(all ruptures) 1:20.000

Very lowLowModerateHighVery High

J.Jiménez, 2006Tier-3a

Elements of the territory

Water distribution systemElectric energy networkDams and reservoirUrban settlement and buildingRoadRural wayLimit of basin

Land use

UrbanIntensive farmingAlmond & olive treesUncultivated

Preliminary qualitative specifics risk mapsconsidering shallow landslides triggered by rainfall have been obtained

From the mentioned Map of Exposed Zones to shallow landslides (Qualitative Hazard) addingElements of the territory classified in three levels of vulnerability we obtain Middle scale

Specific risk Maps for these sort of landslides

Qualitative Specific Risk for rainfall triggered landslides in the Guadalfeo riverJ. Jiménez (2006): preliminary tool to priorize further large scale detailed maps

Landslide susceptibility in urban areas of the Granada province (Chacón et al., 2006)

10 90

8020

30 70

6040

50 50

4060

70 30

2080

90 10

908070605040302010

LOW

HIGHMODERATE

< 5000

5000-10000

10000-20000

20000-60000

> 60000

Granada province

Figure 3. Extension of landslide susceptibility classes in the 168 urban areas. Legend shows the number of inhabitants (Granada capital: 238,292 inhab.)

Qualitative classes of Destructive Potential ofdifferent types of landslides (DPL)

depending of size and the expected dynamic behavior in the Granada province (Spain)

m3 SIZE Shallow very Earth & Mud Debris flow Rock fall Slide slow slope mov. flow

1 LOW MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SMALL VERY LOW 50 HIGH HIGH MIDDLE MODERATE HIGH HIGH 500 LARGE HIGH 5000 LOW VERY HIGH VERY LARGE VERY HIGH 50000 VERY HIGH EXT. LARGE MODERATE HIGH

Landslide hazard and riskPreliminary qualitativehazard assessmentin urban areas of

Granada Province( Spain)Chacón et al. 2006

Landslide hazard and risk

Because of the lack of data about vulnerability of the element at risk, which at the scale 1:200,000 was simplified andconsidered uniform in every urban area.

DPL SUSCEPTIBILITY LOW MODERATE HIGH Very low LOW MODERATE Low MODERATE Moderate HIGH High HIGH Very high VERY HIGH

Qualitative Landslide hazard classes by combination of landslide susceptibility and DPL

Preliminary qualitativehazard assessmentin urban areas of

Granada Province( Spain)Chacón et al, 2006

SUSCEPTIBILITY (%)

LOCALITY (population) Low Moderate High

ALBOLOTE (14.862) 95.8 4.2 0.0

ALMUÑECAR (23.073) 27.5 63.1 9.5

ARMILLA (16.938) 100.0 0.0 0.0

ATARFE (12.355) 99.0 1.0 0.0

BAZA (21.600) 82.8 1.8 15.4

GABIA GRANDE (10.400) 89.5 6.3 4.2

GRANADA (238.292) 89.8 9.1 1.1

GUADIX (20.035) 97.0 3.0 0.0

HUETOR-VEGA (10.362) 91.3 8.7 0.0

ILLORA (10.072) 72.2 15.8 12.0

LOJA (20.707) 70.0 26.6 3.5

MARACENA (17.232) 99.8 0.2 0.0

MOTRIL (55.078) 90.1 9.9 0.0

OGIJARES (11.324) 95.0 5.0 0.0

PINOS-PUENTE (13.303) 92.1 7.7 0.1

SALOBREÑA (11.420) 49.5 49.4 1.1

SANTA FE (13.803) 100.0 0.0 0.0

ZUBIA (LA) (15.312) 66.7 33.2 0.1

Table 8. Distribution of the percentage of the land surface in each susceptibility class in urban areas with more than 10.000 inhabitants in the Granada province. (Census of 2004).

IAEG2006 Paper nº 414

Landslide hazard and risk

Figure 4. Landslide susceptibility maps in the village of Benalúa de las Villas (Granada)

Chacón et al., 2006

Mapa de susceptibilidad de Villanueva de San Juan (Sevilla) El Hamdouni, Irigaray y Chacón (2005)

FS<0.91,2-1>1,2

Safety factor based on geotechnicaldata and a model of planar slide oninfinite slope with drainage parallelto slope.

Tiers-3b

28/120

Preliminary Rock-Slope-Susceptibility AssessmentUsing GIS and the SMR ClassificationC. IRIGARAY, T. FERNÁNDEZ and J. CHACÓN (2003)

Rainfalls 2009-2010: the highest rate in the historical record

-Preliminar assessment of losses by the administration inAndalucía: > 3.000.000.000 € in damges to road, and small towns:

-flood in urban areas (frequently illegally settled in the last 70 years)

- landslides: mostly earth, debris or mud flows, some falls and slides

Despite a number of Spanish national and regional regulations landslidepreventive maps still are not used in land-use planning

We are now starting a new landslide inventory of the recentLandsliding areas of Granada and Jaén provinces in South

Spain

It will be made using a cover of LiDAR in 550 km2 of theselected most affected areas which is being finished just now

This inventory will be used for the assessment of validation ofpreviously available maps.

The provincial administrations of Granada and Jaén are now interested in the development of Tiers-3a/b mapping at

urban scale (1:2.000 to 1:10.000) for landslideshazard and risk prevention

New developments:

Hazard assessment: temporal data and movement measuring:

DiNSAR, Laser Scanner, Historicalaerial photog. and use of LiDar

Authomatic modelling of rock massifand discontinuities to assess

geomechanical classification andinstability types.