Joint Monitoring and Assessment in transboundary basins: obligations and experience under the...

Joint Monitoring and Assessment

in transboundary basins: obligations and experience under the

ConventionAddis Abbeba, 14 November 2012

Zsuzsanna BUZÁS

Hungary

Ph

oto

WW

F

Different levels of co-operationDifferent levels of co-operation

• InternationalInternational level level

•

• National levelNational level

• River basin levelRiver basin level

Transboundary levelTransboundary level

International levelInternational level

UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and of Transboundary Watercourses and International LakesInternational Lakes(Helsinki Convention)(Helsinki Convention)

World Meteorological Organisation World Meteorological Organisation

•

• Hydrology and Water Resources ProgrammeHydrology and Water Resources Programme• - Guide to Hydrological Practice- Guide to Hydrological Practice• - Technical Regulations- Technical Regulations


UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakesof Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes-The Convention entered into force in 1996 but already in 1994 The Convention entered into force in 1996 but already in 1994 started the Task Force on Monitoring and Assessment (which later started the Task Force on Monitoring and Assessment (which later on became the Working Group on Monitoring and Assessment) on became the Working Group on Monitoring and Assessment) with the main task developing Guidelines, with the main task developing Guidelines,

- these guidelines aimed to assist the Governments and joint these guidelines aimed to assist the Governments and joint bodies for common management of transboundary waters (surface bodies for common management of transboundary waters (surface and groundwaters)and groundwaters)

- the guidelines were revised based on findings of the pilot projects the guidelines were revised based on findings of the pilot projects that aimed to implement of given guidelines in practicethat aimed to implement of given guidelines in practice

International levelInternational levelUN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakesof Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes

Guidelines and Strategies

Guidelines on Monitoring and Assessment of Guidelines on Monitoring and Assessment of Water Quality of Transboundary Rivers, 1996Water Quality of Transboundary Rivers, 1996 (revised in 2000)(revised in 2000)

Guidelines on Monitoring and Assessment of Guidelines on Monitoring and Assessment of Transboundary Groundwaters, 2000Transboundary Groundwaters, 2000

Guidelines on MA of Transboundary and Guidelines on MA of Transboundary and International Lakes (2002)International Lakes (2002)

Strategies for Monitoring and Assessment of Strategies for Monitoring and Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters, Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters, 20062006

International levelInternational levelUN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakesof Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes

Guidelines on Monitoring and Assessment of Guidelines on Monitoring and Assessment of Water Quality of Transboundary Rivers, 1996 Water Quality of Transboundary Rivers, 1996 (revised in 2000)(revised in 2000)

Content: - Identification of river-basin Content: - Identification of river-basin management issuesmanagement issues

- information needs- information needs- strategies for monitoring and assessm.- strategies for monitoring and assessm.- monitoring programmes- monitoring programmes- data management- data management- reporting- reporting- joint co-ordinated action and institutional- joint co-ordinated action and institutionalaspects aspects


UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakesof Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes

- pilot projectspilot projects were good tools to learn how could the countries were good tools to learn how could the countries put into practice the guidelinesput into practice the guidelines

- it started with MoU signed by the two Parties, in which they it started with MoU signed by the two Parties, in which they declared with river basin – lake – or groundwater would be the declared with river basin – lake – or groundwater would be the topic,topic,

- usually they got some special financial support both for the usually they got some special financial support both for the implementation itself and for the reporting about the findings,implementation itself and for the reporting about the findings,


UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakesof Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes

- the final reports were handed over the final reports were handed over both both to the MA Working Group to the MA Working Group andand the given joint bodies for further consideration, the given joint bodies for further consideration,

- pilot projects were useful instrument not only for the trial pilot projects were useful instrument not only for the trial implementation and developing guidelines, but for the further implementation and developing guidelines, but for the further cooperation of the involved countries, cooperation of the involved countries,

- but had some problems as well: planned 2 years were never but had some problems as well: planned 2 years were never enough, language (English reports had to be translated)enough, language (English reports had to be translated) and and sometime financial problemssometime financial problems

A legal frame for co-operation to assurethe protection of water and ecological resources and their

sustainable use in the Danube River BasinIt was developed parallel with UNECE Water Convention

The Danube River Protection ConventionThe Danube River Protection Convention

signed: 29 June 1994, Sofia

entered into force: 22 October 1998

Permanent Secretariat: since 1 October 1999

Trans NationalTrans NationalMonitoring Network Monitoring Network –– TNMN TNMN

TNMN TNMN until 2007until 2007

Based on national monitoring Based on national monitoring networksnetworks

Data from 77 sampling stations Data from 77 sampling stations providedprovided

52 determinands in water52 determinands in water Minimum sampling frequency Minimum sampling frequency

12/year (chem) 2/year (biol)12/year (chem) 2/year (biol)

Major Objective –Major Objective – Revised TNMNRevised TNMN

The major objectiveThe major objective overview of the overview of the overall status and long-term overall status and long-term

changeschanges of surface water and of surface water and –– where where necessary necessary –– groundwater on a basin-wide scale groundwater on a basin-wide scale

particular attention paid to the particular attention paid to the transboundary transboundary effectseffects like pollution load like pollution load

link Danube nutrient loads and eutrophication link Danube nutrient loads and eutrophication Black SeaBlack Seamonitoring of nutrient sources and pathways of monitoring of nutrient sources and pathways of

nutrients in the DRB and the effects of measures to nutrients in the DRB and the effects of measures to reduce the nutrient loads into the Black Sea. reduce the nutrient loads into the Black Sea.

address all address all biological quality elementsbiological quality elements

TransNational TransNational Monitoring Network Monitoring Network TNMNTNMN1st yearbook 19961st yearbook 1996

- Harmonise or make comparable the monitoring and assessment methods

- Develop communication and data processing facilities- Elaborate joint programmes for monitoring the riverine

conditions in the Danube catchment as basis for the assessment of transboundary impacts

JDS2 JOINT DANUBE PROGRAMME 2008JDS2 JOINT DANUBE PROGRAMME 2008

•96 sites were successfully sampled along the 2,600 km stretch of the Danube River

•Survey gathered comprehensive information about riverine hydromorphology, biology and chemistry; microbiological and isotope analysis was performed as well

•Strengthened basin-wide cooperation among the scientific community

•Increased public awareness toward water quality protection

JDS2JDS2ObjectivesObjectives

HUNGARYHUNGARY

AUSTRIAAUSTRIA

SLOVAKIASLOVAKIA

UKRAINUKRAIN

ROMANIAROMANIA

YUGOSLAVIAYUGOSLAVIA

CROATIACROATIA

SLOVENIASLOVENIA


Bilateral co-operation is Bilateral co-operation is essential for the daily essential for the daily water management in water management in Hungary, because 96 % Hungary, because 96 % of the water resources of the water resources is originated from the is originated from the neighbouring countriesneighbouring countries

7 neighbours7 neighbours

History:History: started with flood defenses, started with flood defenses, followed by data exchange andfollowed by data exchange and water quality controlwater quality control

Co-operation through commities based on the Water Co-operation through commities based on the Water Convention principles, organised according to Convention principles, organised according to

• technical issues, ortechnical issues, or• catchments catchments

only commitees related to water quality exist in all relations only commitees related to water quality exist in all relations

Co-operation in water resources management have startedCo-operation in water resources management have startedCo-operation in groundwater related question is the next stepCo-operation in groundwater related question is the next stepCommon implementation ofCommon implementation of EU EU WFD is the new task WFD is the new task

Co-operation are based on regulationsCo-operation are based on regulations

Hungarian experience at transboundary levelHungarian experience at transboundary levelHungarian experience at transboundary levelHungarian experience at transboundary level

Hungary - Romania

Sub-committeesSub-committees- - on the protection against floods and excess waterson the protection against floods and excess waters- - on water management anon water management and hydrometeorologyd hydrometeorology,,- - on water quality on water quality

Hungary - Slovakia

Subsidiary bodiesSubsidiary bodies - Danube sub-committee- Danube sub-committee - Ipoly/Ipel - Ipoly/Ipel sub-committeesub-committee - Tisza sub-committee- Tisza sub-committee - Sub-committee on water quality- Sub-committee on water quality - Expert group on hydrology- Expert group on hydrology - Expert group on the implementation - Expert group on the implementation

on WFDon WFD

Transboundary levelTransboundary levelTransboundary levelTransboundary level

RegulationsRegulations


• on the frontier crossing of the responsible authoritieson the frontier crossing of the responsible authorities• on the mutual visual aerial observations underon the mutual visual aerial observations under critical critical situations caused by floods asituations caused by floods annd excess watersd excess waters

• on flood defenon flood defencces,es,• of mutual communication of meteorological and of mutual communication of meteorological and hydrological data and informationhydrological data and information

• on the water quality of transboundary surface waters,on the water quality of transboundary surface waters,

• on the procedures in the cases of unexpected, hazardous pollutionon the procedures in the cases of unexpected, hazardous pollution

• on the defences against excess waters,on the defences against excess waters,

• on the concerted operation of on the concerted operation of some hydraulic some hydraulic structures,structures,

• on the regular hydrological observation and on the regular hydrological observation and common common identification of water resourcesidentification of water resources of watercourses of watercourses

Romania - Hungary

National levelNational level

- Cooperation among - Cooperation among the the water related water related ministries and related institutionsministries and related institutionsincluding monitoring activities including monitoring activities (surface and groundwater, quantity and(surface and groundwater, quantity andqqualityuality!!))

- Responsibility for co-operation on- Responsibility for co-operation onthe transboundary, catchmentthe transboundary, catchmentand international leveland international level

Lessons learnt on transboundaryLessons learnt on transboundary monitoring and assessmentmonitoring and assessment

- In the Hungarian practice: In the Hungarian practice:

- we revised the already existing transboundary water - we revised the already existing transboundary water agreements based on Helsinki agreements based on Helsinki ConventionConvention and EU WFD and EU WFD (the river basin principle and new (the river basin principle and new taskstasks))

- in the regulations under the Agreements were introducedin the regulations under the Agreements were introducedthe groundwater and new biological parameters, partly the groundwater and new biological parameters, partly based on the outcomes of the pilot projects under UNECEbased on the outcomes of the pilot projects under UNECE


In general (1): In general (1):

- being Parties to the UNECE Water Convention gives not only being Parties to the UNECE Water Convention gives not only obligations, but neutral field for discussions of obligations, but neutral field for discussions of water related water related problems, between downstream and upstream countries,problems, between downstream and upstream countries,

-importance of personal contacts and understanding, common importance of personal contacts and understanding, common work, including common measuraments and projects withwork, including common measuraments and projects with involvment all the interested institutions and the public,involvment all the interested institutions and the public,

- Parties should try to translate all relevant documents, - Parties should try to translate all relevant documents, guidelines into their national languageguidelines into their national language


In general (2): In general (2):

- both the transboundary agreement and the regulation - both the transboundary agreement and the regulation under it dealing with MA tasks should include surface and under it dealing with MA tasks should include surface and groundwater, quality and quantity elements event though groundwater, quality and quantity elements event though the monitoring for these elements on national level belong the monitoring for these elements on national level belong to different ministries and institutions,to different ministries and institutions, - sign the Agreement on high political level and implement - sign the Agreement on high political level and implement on regional, expert level, having the feedback connectionon regional, expert level, having the feedback connection

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION


Flood control

Hydrological data exchange

Water quality protection

Surface water management

Groundwater management

common common river basin river basin

management management plansplans

common common river basin river basin

management management plansplans

RegulationRegulation of mutual communication of of mutual communication of meteoro-meteoro-logical and hydrological data and logical and hydrological data and informationinformation

•

•

Romania - Hungary

1. Article – Introduction 2. Article – Aim of the mutual exchange of meteorological and hydrological

data and information3. Article – Regular daily meteorological data exchange4. Article – Water – snow equivalent data exchange5. Article – Meteorological warnings6. Article – Daily precipitation forecasts exchange7. Article – Regular daily hydrological data exchange8. Article – Hydrological warnings9. Article – Exchange of hydrological forecasts10. Article – Replacement of daily met and hydrological data11. Article – Exchange of yearly hydrological data12. Article – Exchange of groundwater data13. Article – Information of the changes of basic data 14. Article – Exchange of weather radar and radar warnings data15- Article – Long-term hydrological forecasts16. Article – Protocols and methods of exchange of data and information


RegulationsRegulations


• rules of procedure of the HU-SK Committee rules of procedure of the HU-SK Committee on Transboundary Waterson Transboundary Waters

• in the defense against floods, excess waters and icein the defense against floods, excess waters and ice

• during accidental pollutionsduring accidental pollutions

• on the sampling, analyses and evon the sampling, analyses and evaaluation of water qualityluation of water quality

• on the activities during the accidental pollutionon the activities during the accidental pollution

•

•

of the cooperation in the exchange of hydrological data and of the cooperation in the exchange of hydrological data and informationinformation

Slovakia - Hungary

Regulation on the sampling, analyses and the Regulation on the sampling, analyses and the evaluation of water quality performed by the evaluation of water quality performed by the authorities of the Hungarian Republic and the Slovak authorities of the Hungarian Republic and the Slovak Republic in the watercourses forming the frontier or Republic in the watercourses forming the frontier or crossed by itcrossed by it


•

•

Slovakia - Hungary

1 Article – Aim of the regulation2 Article – Institutions involved3 Article – Sampling places4 Article – Water quality parameters 5 Article - Sampling methods6 Article – Fulfilment of physical, chemical and biological samplings7 Article – Compliance of the results8 Article – Evaluation of the results9 Article – Applied threshold limits 10 Article – Qualification of the results11 Article – Periodical survey of the water quality changes 12 Article – Reporting obligations of the Water quality sub-

commission13 Article – Closing resolutions



•

•

Slovakia - Hungary

Annexes1. Data of involved institutions2. List of the sampling places and frequencies3. List of the parameters, units and yearly

frequencies of given parameters4. Sampling, conservation, transport and storage

methods5. Fulfilment of physical, chemical and biological

samplings6. Protocol for common sampling results7. Protocol for evaluation of the results8. Threshold values for evaluation9. Summary table10. Protocol for the water quality changes of given

rivers



•

•

Slovakia - Hungary

4 Article – Water quality parameters - general physical and inorganic chemical parameters- general organic parameters- inorganic industrial pollutants parameters- organic industrial pollutants parameters- biological parameters (including based on WFD:

phytoplankton, - - macrophytes and phytobenthos, benthic invertebrate fauna)

12. Article – Reporting obligations of the Water quality sub-commission

- evaluation of water quality in written from and with general tabulators

- general summary of the yearly water quality changes- reasons of the changes

Regulation on the activities during the accidental pollution of the Hungarian -Slovakian transboundary waters (1995)


•

•

Slovakia - Hungary

1-2. Article – Introduction and aim of the regulation3. Article – Information exchange4. Article – Evaluation of the risk and vulnerability5. Article – Contingency plans6. Article – Warning systems7. Article – Information about the events8. Article – Post-evaluation of accidental pollutions

List of annexes1. Data of the institutions which have to be informed in case of accidental pollutions (two responsible national ministries)2. Data of other institutions involved into accidental events information exchange 3. Protocol for reporting4. Technical means for identification of accident5. Contingency plans’ content 6. Information protocol about the accidental pollution

Objectives of the DRPCObjectives of the DRPC

Ensure sustainable and equitable water management;

Ensure conservation, improvement and rational use of surface and groundwater;

Control discharge of wastewaters, inputs of nutrients and hazardous substances from point and diffuse sources of emissions;

Control flood and ice hazards;

Control hazards originating from accidents (warning and preventive measures);

Reduce pollution loads of the Black Sea from sources in the Danube catchment area;

IT

CH

PL

MK

AL

ICPDR

DE

AT

CZ

UA

MD

HU

SICS

BG

ROSK

HRBA

– coordination– information exchange– develop strategy for RBM Plan – develop DRB roof report for EC– harmonisation of methods and

mechanisms

Co-operation(example)

Bilateral agreements (examples)

RBM EG

Co-operation(example)

Sub-river basin co-operation (example: Tisa, Sava River)

Co-ordination mechanisms in the DRB

COUNTRY

GERMANY

AUSTRIA

of the state

POPULATION*

in DRB

82,398,326 9.300 11.49

8,188,207 7.700 9.51

CZECH REPUBLIC 10,249,216 2.800 3.46

SLOVAKIA 5,430,033 5.200 6.42

HUNGARY 10,045,407 10.045 12.60

capita million %

SLOVENIA 1,935,677 1.700 2.10

CROATIA 4,422,248 3.000 3.71

SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO 10,655,774 9.800 12.11

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 3,989,018 2.900 3.58

BULGARIA 7,537,929 3.500 4.32

ROMANIA 22,271,839 21.000 25.94

MOLDOVA 4,439,502 1.100 1.36

UKRAINE 48,055,439 2.650 3.27

ICPDR TOTAL 219,618,615 80.850 99.88

ALBANIA 3,582,206 0.010 0.01

ITALY 57,998,353 0.020 0.02

MACEDONIA 2,063,122 0.010 0.01

POLAND 38,622,660 0.040 0.05

SWITZERLAND 7,318,638 0.020 0.03

BASIN TOTAL 329,203,593 80.950 100.00

of the state

TOTAL AREA

in DRB

357,021 56,184 7.01

83,858 80,423 10.03

78,866 22,870 2.85

48,845 47,084 5.87

93,030 93,030 11.61

km2 km2 %

20,273 16,422 2.05

56,542 34,965 4.36

102,350 88,635 11.06

51,129 36,636 4.57

110,910 47,413 5.92

237,500 232,193 28.97

33,843 12,834 1.60

603,700 30,520 3.81

1,877,867 799,209 99.72

28,748 126 0.01

301,230 565 0.07

25,333 109 0.01

312,685 430 0.05

41,290 1,809 0.23

2,587,153 802,248 100.00

%

in state

DRB

15.74

95.90

29.00

96.39

100.00

81.00

61.84

86.60

71.65

42.75

97.77

37.92

5.06

0.44

0.19

0.43

0.14

4.38

*) as of July 2003

name statusflag

EU CP

EU

EU

EU CP

EU CP

EU CP

EU CP

EU CP

Apl CP

CP

CP

Acs CP

Acs CP

CP

CP

• 10% of Europe

• 83 mil inhabitants

• 19 countries

Most international river basin in the world

Catchment levelCatchment level

Convention on Co-operation for the Protection Convention on Co-operation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the River Danubeand Sustainable Use of the River Danube

International Association for Danube Research (IAD)International Association for Danube Research (IAD)

International Association of Waterworks in the Danube BasinInternational Association of Waterworks in the Danube Basin

Danube CommissionDanube Commission

Forum of the Danubian Hydrological ServicesForum of the Danubian Hydrological Services

Regional Co-operation of the Danube Countries in the frame Regional Co-operation of the Danube Countries in the frame of the International Hydrological Programme of UNESCOof the International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO

Co-ordination of researches in the field of Danube’s ecosystemsCo-ordination of researches in the field of Danube’s ecosystems (mapping, monitoring, investigation and modelling) (mapping, monitoring, investigation and modelling)

Aiming to reduce risks of pollution of drinking water Aiming to reduce risks of pollution of drinking water

To ensure the unrestricted navigationTo ensure the unrestricted navigation

Discussion on the monitoring related tasks related to Discussion on the monitoring related tasks related to international conventions, organisations and directivesinternational conventions, organisations and directives

•Important tool for the preparation of the Danube River Basin Management Plan

•Generally improving trend along the main Danube River was confirmed

•Specific problems were reinforced, especially at a number of tributaries and downstream large cities

JDS2JDS2General conclusionsGeneral conclusions

Joint Monitoring and Assessment in transboundary basins: obligations and experience under the...

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