John Shelton South Carolina Water Science Center.
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Transcript of John Shelton South Carolina Water Science Center.
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John SheltonJohn SheltonSouth Carolina South Carolina
Water Science CenterWater Science Center
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Congo River ProjectCongo River Project• History with AMNHHistory with AMNH• Field verification of model predictionsField verification of model predictions
(depth, slope, stream power, roughness, (depth, slope, stream power, roughness, Froude)—WHY??Froude)—WHY??
• Acoustic and Water Quality measurementAcoustic and Water Quality measurement--Fish diversity definition--Fish diversity definition--OSW time tests--OSW time tests--Turbulence definition--Turbulence definition--QW field parameters and samples--QW field parameters and samples
--Bathymetry--Bathymetry
--Discharge--Discharge
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http://research.amnh.org/ichthyology/congo/index.html
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Congo River is a major biogeographic barrier
American Museum of Natural History
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“...landlocked system was captured in the Miocene (5-15 mya) by a shortriver draining into the Atlantic Ocean, producing the drainage pattern of Central Africa seen today.” (Stankiewicz & de Wit, 2006)
BUT others claim the capture event happened as recently as 400,000 ya (very young) while yet others
claim it occurred as long ago as 35mya (very old)American Museum of Natural History
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American Museum of Natural History
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CURRENT SPECIES COUNT ca. 135
~ 30% endemism
American Museum of Natural History
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Lamprologus tigripictilis
Lamprologus lethops
Lamprologus werneri
American Museum of Natural History
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Lamprologus lethops
American Museum of Natural History
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Field Verification and Field Verification and Hydroacoustic MeasurementsHydroacoustic Measurements
•7-man kayak team7-man kayak team•80 mile reach80 mile reach•NGS Photo/ NGS Photo/ videographyvideography•Single line bathymetrySingle line bathymetry
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Kayak TeamKayak Team
•Differential GPSDifferential GPS•Echo sounderEcho sounder•Power supplyPower supply•Data loggerData logger•Kayak-camKayak-cam•Helmet-camHelmet-cam•QW sampling suppliesQW sampling supplies
2X2X
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John & Ned’s Excellent AdventureJohn & Ned’s Excellent Adventure
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Congo River at LuoziCongo River at Luozi
•1.26 million CFS in 1.26 million CFS in 22 minutes22 minutes•1.3 miles wide1.3 miles wide•80 feet deep80 feet deep
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…upstream to Pioka
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Processing IssuesProcessing Issues
• PowerPower• PowerPower• BugsBugs
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…downstream to Bulu
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Power supplyPower supply
Echo sounderEcho sounder
Echo sounder Echo sounder transducertransducer
LaptopLaptop
300 kHz ADCP300 kHz ADCP
Water-quality Water-quality monitormonitor
Differential GPSDifferential GPSSolar PanelSolar Panel
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What IS the What IS the deepest river??deepest river??
ADCP Beam Depth
Echo Sounder Depth
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Velocity Distribution--RelearnedVelocity Distribution--Relearned
• Areas of Areas of significant down-significant down-wellingwelling
• Downstream Downstream “jets” at depth“jets” at depth
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ADCP measurements: Lower Congo River 2008
• 6 random transects• Four surveys
Ned Gardiner, PhD AMNH/NOAA
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Below BuluBelow Bulu
Ned Gardiner, PhD AMNH/NOAA
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Ned Gardiner, PhD AMNH/NOAA
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Turbulence Definition—Turbulence Definition—Longitudinal transectLongitudinal transect
• Accelerations in Accelerations in “constricted” “constricted” areasareas
• Velocity “ramps” Velocity “ramps” and “dives” due and “dives” due to bedformsto bedforms
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““The Turbulence”The Turbulence”
Title: congo_whirl2Format: wmv (00:02:06)Double-click to edit
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• Primary data Primary data processing/interpretationprocessing/interpretation
• Relate hydraulic data to Relate hydraulic data to fish datafish data
• Visualization productsVisualization products----Animations, fact sheets, Animations, fact sheets, NG ExplorerNG Explorer
• Water-quality samples Water-quality samples (nutrients, major cations, (nutrients, major cations, metals)metals)
• Future projects Future projects
Where do we go from here?Where do we go from here?
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QuestionsQuestions