Job hazard analysis (JHA)

Zurich Services Corporation

Daniel Hornback, CSHM, CHS III, CRIS

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Seminar learning objectives

By the end of this session you should be able to:Detail key elements of a job hazard analysis programDiscuss the reasons for creating a job hazard analysis

– Recognize prominent unsafe acts and conditions

– Define aspects of PEME (people, equipment, materials, environment) as it relates to hazard analysis

– Describe the five-step process for completing a job hazard analysis

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Purpose

Control hazards that may cause system damage, injury, or affect workflow

Workers in their first year of employment with a new employer account for more than 50%of disabling claims

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Controls

Triggered by the existence of a hazard or potential hazard Hierarchy of controls

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Effective written program elements

Management commitmentRoles and responsibilitiesIncident/accident analysis

Root causeLessons learned

Provisions for systematic identification, evaluation and prevention or control of hazards

Procedures for timely correction of hazardsHazard analysisTrainingAudits

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Management commitment

Drives the cultureDivides the program into key activities essential for implementation or improvementAssigns responsibility and accountability for activitiesEmpowers employees to actSets time frames and frequencies for measuring the activities (e.g., audits)

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Roles and responsibilities – field supervision

Define field supervisor expectations to:Analyze the work for potential hazardsMaintain physical protection in work areasReinforce employee trainingUse disciplinary action when required

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Roles and responsibilities – management

Define management expectations to:Take timely corrective actions Provide good tools and equipmentMake the tough decisions (shutting the job down)Plan for emergencies

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Roles and responsibilities – employees

Define employee expectations to:Assist in developing JHA stepsEnsure steps are followedStop work if the hazards are not corrected

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Procedures for timely correction or control of hazards

Engineering techniques, where feasible and appropriate Administrative controlsProcedures for safe work that are understood and followed as a result of:

TrainingPositive reinforcementCorrection of unsafe performanceEnforcement (disciplinary action)

Provision for personal protective equipment

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Job hazard analysis

Identify job tasks and hazards through a formal programFocus on the relationship between the worker, the task, and the tool or PEME (people, equipment, materials, environment) Develop steps to eliminate or reduce hazards to an acceptable risk level

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Purpose

Purpose of a JHA:Provide a clear understanding of what the employee does and does not know about the taskRecognize needed changes in equipment or proceduresProvide a method to increase employee involvementProcess to reduce the assumption that employees know how to perform the work safely

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Value

Eliminate and prevent hazards in the workplaceResulting in fewer worker injuries and illnessesSafer, more effective work methodsConsistency through use of best practices (quality control)Reduced workers' compensation costsIncreased worker productivity

Train new employees in the steps required to perform their jobs safelyEnsure performance is measured through audit processExcellent corrective action tool to retain employees and correct work behaviors

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Better than just “inspecting”

Tool to set performance standardsAssists in standardizing operations based on acceptable safe practices and PPEProvides documentation regarding the employees’ knowledge of job requirementsIdentifies training requirements

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Which jobs to JHA

Highest injury or illness ratesPotential to cause severe or disabling injuries or illnessPotential for human error that could lead to a severe accident or injuryChanged processes or procedures Complex enough jobs to require written instructionsArrival of numerous new workersNon-routine tasks

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Probability ratings

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Decision-making matrix

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Identifying hazard types and accident categories

Identification of hazard typesWhat are some hazard types found in your operations?

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People, equipment, materials, environment (PEME)

Risk assessment quality will vary based on how well hazards are identifiedPEME acronym will help identify the majority of hazards associated with the task or activityNot all will be applicable for every task, but knowledge of the key issues will prepare you for most situations

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People

People bring a range of issues to a task or activityCompetence TrainingPhysical or mental disabilities Physical issuesPhobias

Other possible people issues you may consider:Number of people needed for a taskManagement of the taskSupervision requirements

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Equipment

Work equipment covers a wide range of itemsEquipment appropriate for the taskEquipment intrinsically hazardous Energy issuesRequirements for equipment statutory testing or maintenance/calibration Equipment location Hazard confined to equipment or may have a remote effect

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Materials

Review materials for substances likely to be used, required or generated by the task

Activity/task:

– Requires hazardous chemicals or substances

– Generates dust, vapors, or mists that need control

– Requires raw materials or large pieces of material

– Generates special waste

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Environment

Review environments to determine potential problemsMeans of access/egressLighting, heating, and ventilation Slopes, ramps, and steps Slippery or damaged underfoot conditions Weather conditions Obstructions

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Five-step process for JHA

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Observe the work being performed

What are some effective methods to watch the work being done?Why is it important to involve the employee?

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Break down the job

Write the job description in simple language (e.g., changing a tire, installing ceiling lights, mixing concrete)If there are more than 15 steps, the JHA is too complicated

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Describe the hazards

One of the primary purposes of the JHA is to make the job saferThe information gathered in this step will be valuable in helping to eliminate and/or reduce hazards associated with the job and improve the system weaknesses that produced them

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Control measures

Identify the desired control measures for each hazardControls may include procedures, practices, PPE, etc.

Incorporate company best practicesUtilize lessons learned from previous experience

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Safe operating procedure

Last page of the JHANarrative or written summary of the JHA worksheetsOpportunity for efficiency – gain employee buy-in

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JHA tools for success

The JHA is a living document. Success depends upon its use Post JHAs in the work area so it is easily accessible to employeesBefore work begins, challenge employees by asking questions about the work to be performedRequire all field supervision to regularly review the JHA with the crew while observing the work (lead by example)Management elevates its status by using it in the field

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Which form is better?

Complex or simple? The JHA form should be effective. Some environments require a more sophisticated form. Choose a form that worksKISS (Keep It Simple for Supervisors) - Efficiency gains buy-in faster than anything

Combine reports to reduce supervisor’s paperworkLet them know you are working for them…not against them!

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Sample JHA form

JSHA #: Job/Task/Operation Title:

Date:

Analyzed by: Title of person performing job: (x) New( ) Revised

Reviewed by: NAME COMPANY1.2.3.

Required/Recommended Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

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Sequence of Basic Job Steps:

Known/Potential Hazards and Human Error

Traps:

Preventive Work Practice or Procedure:

Tool Used to Prevent:

.

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Sample JHA form

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JSHA #: 002

Job/Task/Operation Title: Earth Moving Activities – Subcontract No.

Date:

Analyzed by:John Doe – ABC Company Safety Director

Title of person performing job:Earth Moving Operations Personnel

(x) New( ) Revised

Reviewed by: NAME COMPANY1.2.3.

Required/Recommended Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):Safety Glasses, Hard Hat, Gloves, ANSI Z-41.1 Footwear, Vest, Flashing Beacon, Face Shield (if needed)

Sequence of Basic Job Steps:

Known/Potential Hazards and Human

Error Traps:

Preventive Work Practice or Procedure: Tool Used to Prevent:

1. Dozer Operation

Operator being thrown from cab

Equipment turn over Equipment striking

pedestrian Equipment striking

other vehicles Dust /Open cab

equipment

1. Seat Belts are to use as per Site Safety Program (SSP).

2. Assess the hazards when working on slopes and ensure that proper corrective actions will be taken to minimize the risk of injury.

3. Adherence to SSP in reference to Mobil Equipment Operations Section - Flashing Beacons required on all vehicles entering restricted areas.

4. Adherence to PPE requirements/Dust control measures.

Pre-Job Brief/JSA Communication

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Opportunity for efficiency

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JHA Narrative / Summary

Sign In Sheet / Toolbox Talk / Force Report

Equipment Inventory

Disciplinary Actions Taken

Supervisor’s Daily Notes

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© 2011 Zurich Services Corporation. All rights reserved. The information in this publication and presentation was compiled by Zurich Services Corporation from sources believed to be reliable. Further, all sample policies and procedures herein should serve as a guideline which you can use to create your own policies and procedures. We trust that you will customize these samples to reflect your own operations and believe that these samples may serve as a helpful platform for this endeavor. Any and all information contained herein is not intended to constitute legal advice and accordingly, you should consult with your own attorneys when developing programs and policies. We do not guarantee the accuracy of this information or any results and further assume no liability in connection with this publication and presentation and sample policies and procedures, including any information, methods or safety suggestions contained herein. Moreover, Zurich Services Corporation reminds you that this cannot be assumed to contain every acceptable safety and compliance procedure or that additional procedures might not be appropriate under the circumstances. The subject matter of this publication and presentation is not tied to any specific insurance product nor will adopting these policies and procedures ensure coverage under any insurance policy.