Jit- Black Box

8/8/2019 Jit- Black Box

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Name:- Jitendra Kumar Sahoo Regd. No. :- 070216120 Branch :- ETE Padmanava College of Engineering, Rourkela.


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TTHEHE BBLACKLACK BBOXOX


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INTRODUCTION TO BLACK BOX

Although they are called "blackboxes," aviation recorders areactually painted bright orange, are a

group of data collection devicesmounted on the tail of an aircraft.

Dr. David Warren, a Australian

aviation scientist proposed a flightrecording device and by 1958 he hadproduced a prototype ARL FlightMemory Unit


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Data from both the CVR and FDR is stored on

stacked memory boards inside the crash-survivable memory unit (CSMU)

The black box is powered by one of two powergenerators that draw their power from the

plane's engines. One generator is a 28-volt DC

power source, and the other is a 115-volt, 400-

hertz (Hz) AC power source


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TYPICALLY DOUBLE WRAPPED, IN STRONG

CORROSION-RESISTANT STAINLESS STEEL OR

TITANIUM,WITH HIGH-TEMPERATUREINSULATION INSIDE


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GENERATIONS OF DATARECORDER

First generation - Foil recorder

Second generation - Tape recorder

Third generation Solid state recorder

Components Of Black Box

CVR - Cockpit Voice Recorder

FDR Flight Data Recorder


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A. COCKPITVOICE RECORDERS

There are several microphones built into

the cockpit to track the conversation of the

flight crews.

These microphones are also designed to

track any ambient noise in the cockpitsuch as switches being thrown or any

knocks.

There may be up to 4 microphones in the

planes cockpit each connected to CVR.


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Any sound in the cockpit are picked up by

these microphones and sent to the CVR, wherethe recordings are digitized and stored.

The Associated Control Unit in the cockpit

provides pre amplification to the audio going

to CVR.

The positions of 4 microphones are-

1. Pilots headset

2. Co-pilot's headset

3. Headset for 3rd cabin crew4. At the centre of cabin


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B. FLIGHT DATARECORDER

The flight data recorder (FDR) is designed to

record the operating data from the planes

system.

There are sensors that are wired from various

areas on the plane to the flight-data acquisition

unit, which is wired to the FDR.When a switch is turned on or off, that

operation is recorded by FDR.


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FDR Location

Black boxes are installed in the tail of the plane. The

entire front of the aircraft acts as a "crush zone" to reduce

the shock that reaches the recorder. The precise location of the recorders depends on the

individual plane.

Sometimes they are located in the ceiling of the galley, in

the aft cargo hold or in the tail cone that covers the rear

of the aircraft.


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FDR LOCATION


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BUILT TO SURVIVE

The only device that survive are the Crash

Survival Memory Unit (CSMU) of the flight datarecorder and cockpit voice recorder


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CRASH - SURVIVABLE MEMORY UNIT

The cylindrical compartment on the

recorder device is engineered to withstand

extreme heat, violent crashes and tons of

pressure. In older magnetic-tape recorders,

the CSMU is inside a rectangular box.

Using three layers of materials, the CSMU

in a solid-state black box insulates and

protects the stack of memory boards that

store the digitized information.


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THREE LAYERS OF CRASH - SURVIVABLE

MEMORY UNIT

1.Aluminum housing - There is a thin layer of

aluminum around the stack of memory cards.

2. High-temperature insulation - This dry-silica

material is 1 inch (2.54 cm) thick and provideshigh-temperature thermal protection. This is

what keeps the memory boards safe during post-

accident fires.

3. Stainless-steel shell - The high-temperature

insulation material is contained within a

stainless-steel cast shell that is about 0.25 inches

(0.64 cm) thick. Titanium can be used to create

this outer armor as well.


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THERE ARE SEVERAL STAGES FOR

CRASH SURVIVAL SEQUENCE

Crash impact

Pin drop

Static crush

Fire test

Deep sea submersion

Salt water submersion

Fluid immersion

After finding the black box, the investigators

take the recorder to a lab where they can download

the data from the recorder and attempt to recreate

the accident.


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FDR Record Parameters

prior to September 30, 1969, record six flight

parameters: altitude; airspeed; heading; vertical

acceleration; time of day; and the relative time of

radio transmissions to and from air traffic

controllers.

Airplanes certificated after that date were

required to record a total of 11 parameters,

adding 5 more to the list.

Then, it had to record 17 parameters on any

flight after May 25, 1994. (six additional

parameters included)


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FDR Record Parameters

Currently, there are 88 parameters required as a

minimum

a few of the parameters recorded by most FDRs

- Time - Pressure altitude- Airspeed - Vertical acceleration

- Magnetic heading - Control-column position

- Rudder-pedal position- Control-wheel position

- Horizontal stabilizer - Fuel flow

- Engine information - Control and actuator

positions


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Retrieving Data

With the data retrieved from the FDR, the Safety

Board can generate a computer animated video

reconstruction of the flight.

The investigator can then visualize the airplane'sattitude, instrument readings, power settings

and other characteristics of the flight.

This animation enables the investigating team to

visualize the last moments of the flight before the

accident.


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AFTERA CRASH


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Locating Black Box

Underwater Locator Beacon In addition to the paint and reflective tape, black

boxes are equipped with an underwater locatorbeacon (ULB). If a plane crashes into the water,this beacon sends out an ultrasonic pulse at 37.5

kilohertz that cannot be heard by human ears butis readily detectable by sonar and acousticallocating equipment. There is a submergencesensoron the side of the beacon that looks like abull's-eye. When water touches this sensor, it

activates the beacon.


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Jit- Black Box

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