JerryKranz The FAAs In Situ Turbulence Reporting System
Larry B. Cornman National Center for Atmospheric Research In Situ Turbulence Reporting System
Driver: Augment/replace subjective PIREPs with objective state-of-the-atmosphereturbulence measurements. Features: Atmospheric turbulence metric:eddy dissipation rate (EDR). Position accuracy within 10 km vs average 50 km pireps. 44,000 in situ reports per day (UAL) vs pireps/day (above FL200). Adopted as ICAO Standard. Experimental ADDS website New Activities Delta Airlines has implemented EDR reporting!
New aspects: Event-based reporting. Routine reporting every 15 minutes w/ MDCRS. Event triggers. Fill-in between null MDCRS EDR reports New, winds-based algorithm. Improved on-board QC. EDR Reporting from Delta!
EDR reports over a 24 hour period Fill-in Reports Same 24 hr period as above UAL EDR Reports EDR reports over the same 24 hr period Combined DAL and UAL EDR Reports
EDR reports over same 24 hr period Turbulence Nowcasting/Forecasting System
Merges all current turbulence observations with forecast grids. Graphic courtesy of virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov Cockpit display or alert (EDR or RMS-g) Dispatch, ATC, etc. GTG forecast grids (EDR) Convective turbulence diagnostic (EDR) Wx satellite data In situ EDR reports, PIREPs, 4D data cube updated every ~15 min Radar (NTDA) turbulence grids (EDR) FAA/Delta Airlines EDR Proof of Concept Demo
Friends/Partners of Aviation Weather (FPAW) Meeting, October 9, 2008 Tammy Farrar, Weather Policy & Requirements Group October 9, 2008 10 Delta Airlines EDR Status
s, s have EDR installed and operational 10 more 700s by mid-2009 UAL-1997 11 11 DAL EDR Proof of Concept Demonstration
DAL/FAA jointly planned Estimated start date FY09 Yearlong, phased study Prove cost-benefit of improved turbulence data to airline flight operations Increased aircrew confidence in turbulence data accuracy Less time off altitude, reduced fuel burn Estimated 10-15% reduction in turbulence-related fuel penalties Improved Capacity 12 12 DAL EDR Proof of Concept Demonstration
Phase I DAL OCC Web-based EDR display initially Graphical Flight Following (GFF) Strategic use by dispatchers in planning Tactical use by aircrews enroute (voice or data link) Additional data source for OCC meteorologists Data gathering for baseline Aircrews report altitude deviation reasons Fuel burn and safety impacts recorded ZTL CWSU Option CWSU meteorologists have access to EDR data via ADDS EDR will be used in turbulence forecasts for TMU, Area Supervisors, Operations Managers, ATCTs and TRACONs Less restrictions on air space reduce workload on TMU 13 13 DAL EDR Proof of Concept Demonstration
Phase II Develop Next Level of Procedures and Processes to manage turbulence for end users Expand use of EDR data directly to area supervisors and other participants 14 14 ITWS Integrated Terminal Weather System
Airline Connectivity Des Keany American Airlines SOC Benefits Airline and the FAA are working off the same product(fewer misunderstandings) ATC Coordinators use the forecast and wind function for Runway configuration planning Arrival rates. Dispatchers can provide real time information to flight crew. This reduces diversion risk Pre-production display courtesy Raytheon ITWS Brochure
ITWS Data Pre-production display courtesy Raytheon ITWS Brochure Website Interface ITWS Airports Click for TRACON Display
[Color of icon shows status] Airport Status Legend Prototype ITWS For many years American Airlines had access to the Lincoln Labs prototype system Dispatchers couldaccess via the web. ATC Desk used a dedicated terminal. Advantages Direct access to the prototype application Low cost of ownership Disadvantages Very few sites e.g. DFW, New York, MCO, MEM Production ITWS High Cost of access
Only available via private wire connection Not available via AOC/CDM Net Normally available as a browser display only Users have to be aware and keep the display open Not all features work on the web version Airlines can obtain a raw data feed Major increase in number of available sites. Can view multiple sites simultaneously Desktop Configuration Example 1 large monitor (1600x1200) Desktop Configuration Example 2 laptop monitor (1024x768) ITWS Connectivity Options! American Airlines Connectivity Connectivity - Issues American Airlines originally connected to the production site via a T1 connection. This worked for about 15 simultaneous users. Have a need for users at AA American Eagle need additional Switched from T1 to bundled T1s to DS3 Bottom line expensive The Future - SWIM ITWS Prototype Service
Deliver ITWS data over the Internet, using Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology Distribute real-time ITWS digital data in an industry-standard data format (XML) Slated to being in September 2008 Initial Deliverables Microburst Gust Front Configured Alerts (Ribbon Display) Terminal Text SWIM Methodology Advantages Disadvantage
Delivered in XML format and thus easier to integrate. If successful, expect more and more data types to be added. Disadvantage Necessary to commit scarce resources to a long term project. Airlines outsourcing/purchasing 3rd generation products from vendors. Need to integrate data. Not really useful as a standalone data set. Questions ?? Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS)
Friends/Partners in Aviation Weather Orlando, Florida October 9, 2008 Benn Deans FAA Weather Processors Manager ITWS Program Description
Provides air traffic managers and controllers current and forecasts (up to 60 minutes) of terminal weather Accurate, easy-to-understand, and immediately useable graphical weather information on a single color display for decision support, collaboration, and common situational awareness Uses sophisticated algorithms to integrate data from FAA and NWS sensors, radars, and weather models, and from aircraft in flight Used at TRACONs, towers, ARTCCs and the Command Center, and by the airlines, during adverse weather Authorized FAA and non-FAA users have internet access to ITWS products via the External User 2 website Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS)
Pilots TDWR NEXRAD ASR 1-hr Forecast Microburst Prediction Gust Front Prediction Storm Location & Motion Storm Cell Information Terminal Winds Tornado ITWS Real-Time Processor ITWS Controllers AWOS/ASOS RUC Supervisors TRACON ARTCC TMU CWSU Airlines Dispatch Ramp Tower LLWAS Lightning Aircraft (MDCRS) ITWS Products Wind shear products
Microburst detection/prediction Gust front detection/forecast Wind shift estimate Timers Storm Products Precipitation Storm Cell Information Hail Echo Tops Lightning Mesocyclone Severe Storm Circulation Storm Motion Storm Extrapolated Position Terminal Convective Weather Forecast (TCWF) Standard 1 hour forecast Winter 1 hour forecast Forecast quality metrics Other ASR-9/11 AP editing Tornado signature detection/alert Airport lightning warning Terminal winds profile Pilot text/character graphics message ITWS Waterfall - Working Schedule
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 Raytheon Test Bed 02/02 Indianapolis 1/2009 WJHTC 04/02 Las Vegas OEP 3/2009 PSF08/02 New Orleans 3/2009 FAAAC08/02 New York11/15/06 Nashville 4/2009 Atlanta 10/27/2003 Memphis 01/08/07 Columbus 5/2009 Kansas City04/10/2003 Orlando 06/13/07 Raleigh-Durham 6/2009 Oklahoma City 7/2009 Chicago 10/20/2003 Dallas/Ft Worth06/26//07 Wichita 8/2009 Miami 12/04/2003 Pittsburgh 10/19/2007 Louisville 9/2009 Cincinnati 10/22/2007 St Louis 12/10/2003 Tulsa 11/2009 Minneapolis 01/04/2005 Detroit 1/9/2008 San Juan 2/2010 Phoenix 01/11/2008 Boston 01/13/2005 Salt Lake City 02/29/2008 Charlotte 01/26/2005 Philadelphia 03/15/2008 Houston 03/16/2005 Cleveland04/29/2008 Potomac03/17/2005 Denver 09/15/2005 ITWS SupportSystems Installed As of 8/12/2008 Projected Installation/ CAI Date Installed/ CAI Complete Commissioned ITWS Monthly Deployment -Planning Briefing October 2008 ITWS External User Website at the Volpe Center (Managed by the ITWS Program Support Facility (PSF) in Oklahoma City) AWOS, ASOS, TDWR, RUC, ASR-9/11, LLWAS, NEXRAD, Lightning, MDCRS (from Aircraft) Client at FAA, Air Carrier, or Other ITWS data FAA TRACON Leased Circuit or other ITWS Product Generator TCP/IP Server Software ITWS data as HTML and images Web browser at FAA, Air Carrier, or Other FAA Network Features of the ITWS External User Website (Currently operational at the Volpe Center)
What does ITWS Website provide? ITWS Weather Products for any or all of the ITWS-supported airports (selected by user while logged into the Website) ITWS weather products currently available for the following airports: Atlanta, Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, West Palm Beach (FL), Kansas City, Springfield (MO), St. Louis, Houston (IAH & HOU), Chicago (ORD &MDW), Milwaukee, Washington DC (DCA, IAD, & ADW), Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte, Denver, Minneapolis, New York (JFK & LGA), Newark, Teterboro (NJ), Dallas (DFW & DAL), Orlando, Daytona Beach (FL), Tampa, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati (CVG), Pittsburgh, Phoenix, Philadelphia, Salt Lake City, Cleveland ITWS products to be available for the following airports by the middle of CY2010: Indianapolis, Las Vegas, New Orleans, Nashville, Columbus, Dayton, Raleigh-Durham, Oklahoma City, Wichita, Louisville, Tulsa, San Juan, Little Rock (AR), Jackson (MS) ITWS products planned for the following Secondary Reliever Airports (SRAs) by the end of CY2010: Lafayette Regional (LA), Akron-Canton Regional (OH), Laurence G. Hanscom Field (MA), Manchester (NH), Theodore Francis Green (RI), Southwest Florida Intl (FL), Orlando-Sanford (FL), Chicago (IL), Capital City (MI), City of Colorado Springs Municipal (CO), St. Paul Downtown Holman Field (MN), Dekalb-Peachtree (GA), Columbia Metropolitan (SC), Charles B. Wheeler Downtown (MO), St. Louis Downtown (MO), Spirit of St. Louis (MO) Features of the ITWS Website (Contd)
Who currently uses the ITWS Website? FAA Command Center (Herndon,VA), Airlines, Airport Authorities, Aviation Industry System Developers How does a potential non-FAA external user gain access to the Website? Must sign a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the FAA Must establish dedicated telecom line to ITWS Website via commercial service provider: Guidance given in Volpe Center document Technical Considerations for ITWS Website Connection Contact Volpe Center ITWS Website Program Office for specific guidance Major Airline Users of ITWS Weather Products via Volpe Web
ITWS Website (Volpe) External User Wx Product Requests (per Hour) During Severe Wx Event Requests Per Hour No. of ITWS Airports FAA Command Center 4213 (9 Airports) Delta Airlines 7032 (4 Airports) Fed Ex 1625 (3 Airports) Continental Airlines 1415 (2 Airports) Northwest Airlines 1109 (5 Airports) Volpe Center BOS Northwest Airlines MSP N90 DTW CLE PHL C90 CMH PIT SLC PCT IND Metron Aviation STL CVG MCI DEN SDF RDU LAS ICT FedEx CLT BNA TUL MEM Delta Airlines OKC ATL PHX Southwest Airlines LEGEND DFW DFW Airport Authority ITWS TRACON Site (Baseline 22) American Airlines Last 11 ITWS Site Continental Airlines Volpe Center IAH MSY Volpe Center ITWS Users MCO MIA SJU ITWS SWIM Segment One SWIM (System Wide Information Management) is the FAAs implementation of a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) environment The FAA is transitioning toward publish/subscribe technology ITWS is a key component of SWIM Segment One ITWS requirements, schedule and funding included in the SWIM Segment One baseline ITWS project endorsed by JPDO, Weather COI and NAS Architecture Plan to establish external access to all ITWS weather information through a SWIM interface The external gateway will be located in the FAA Technical Center at Atlantic City, NJ ITWS SWIM Benefits: SWIM provides enabling technology for future interoperability/ integration of weather products and systems For example, ATO-T and ATO-R are cooperating via SWIM to use the same software standards for future ITWS and CIWS projects Potential cost avoidances for future integration of weather products and displays Airlines want ITWS data in a format that allows them to integrate products into their weather analysis decision aid tools 38 ITWS SWIM Prototype Although ITWS SWIM Segment One is scheduled for deployment in December 2010, the ITWS SWIM prototype is available NOW After performance testing is completed, a determination will be made as to how many additional users the prototype may support The prototype will offer 4 ITWS weather products, from each ITWS airport Micro Bursts; Gust Fronts; Configured Alerts; Terminal Text Parties interested in participating in the ITWS SWIM prototype must request application forms from the FAA (use the contact information in the SWIM.gov website) Prototype participation is very limited All inquiries will be documented and placed on the Segment One information distribution list New prototype users will require their own internet based VPN (virtual private network) to the external gateway located in the FAA Technical Center at Atlantic City, NJ This same requirement will likely apply to Segment One users A Client Software Package and User Guide is currently being provided by the FAA to the prototype participants 39 Actual Screenshot of Test Transmission from Miami (MIA) ITWS to Remote User via the ITWS-SWIM Prototype ITWS Notional SWIM-enabled Reference Architecture
Airlines ATCSCC Subscribe Encoded Data TRACON Subscribe ITWS PG Weather Vendors Public IP Network ARTCCs FAA IP Network Encoded Data WJHTC Subscribe Encoded Data Encoded Data ATCTs DoD, DHS Encoded Data Publish External Gateway Publish SWIM Registry SWIM Gateway Services This slide shows the SWIM-enabled ITWS architecture. The dotted-dashed lines show the baseline system and the plain dashed lines show the planned changes. VOLPE SWIM Core Services Wx-WS Web Service changes under SWIM 41 POINTS OF CONTACT Weather Sector Processors Lead
Benn Deans, , ITWS Program Lead Maggie Baker, , ITWS Systems Engineering Ernesto Etienne, , Bill Yeagley, , ITWS Program Support Facility (PSF) Bettie Loudenslager, , ITWS Test & Evaluation Tom Weiss, , Volpe Center ITWS Website Program Manager Tony Colon, , ITWS Telecommunications Lead Anthony Johnson, , ITWS Logistics/Training Casper Cooper, , QICP Qualified Internet Communications Provider
October 2008 Presented by Randy Baker, UPS Airlines Meteorologist Weather Data Access via Internet
What is the Issue? FAA has issued an Advisory Circular (00-62) that restricts airlines from using the Internet for operational decisions unless it is from aQualified Internet Communications Provider (QICP).These restrictions are to prevent the possibility of unavailability or tampering of the data. These restrictions do not apply to the InTRAnet (private connection), but rather to the InTERnet. The NWS AWC continues to provide products intended for Airline use and decision making (such SIGMETs, the Graphical Turbulence Guidance and Forecast Icing Potential) via the Internet, yet they do not meet QICP criteria. UPS Airlines Meteorology AWC web site is not QICP, so UPS Dispatchers cannot use FIP.
AWC FIP (Forecast Icing Potential)Not useable by pilots, so our weather vendordoes not disseminate. AWC web site is not QICP, so UPS Dispatchers cannot use FIP. UPS Airlines Meteorology Weather Data Access via Internet: Status
ATA Met. Committee Position re QICP (Developed 02Apr03 at Spring Meeting) All Aviation Weather Products to be: -Accessible to users via the public internet in a manner approved by FAA or -Via an alternative communications method. NWS Announced No Plans to Become QICP ATA Met Com 11Apr03 Response to NWS The airlines are very interested in the results of NWS's further research with the FAA to determine the specific level of effort necessary by the NWS to comply to QICP status.ATA Met Com hopes that this research determines that the NWS can be a QICP soon.ATA Met Com very much looks forward to learning the results of your study and are holding off any further comments until that work is complete. NWS Announced Plans to Become QICP (Friends/Partners Aviation Weather 08Oct03) UPS Airlines Meteorology No change the last 4 years, due to cost.
Weather Data Access via Internet: Status NWS reverted back to No plans to become QICP(Friends/Partners Aviation Weather 2004) No change the last 4 years, due to cost. UPS Airlines Meteorology Other Aviation Products (not on AWC web site)
Aviation Watch Notification Message (AWW) issued by SPC Convective Outlook (AC) issued by SPC Aviation Tropical Cyclone Advisories (TCA) issued by TPC These all need QICP access! UPS Airlines Meteorology UPS Airlines Meteorology Murray Auger : Director, Flight Dispatch Northwest Airlines
Field Conditions Murray Auger : Director, Flight Dispatch Northwest Airlines What Can Lead To Bad Decisions?
Late reports Inaccurate information Missing information Lack of Communication Landing Accidents Runway Excursions Pilots View with 1/2 Mile Visibility Aviation Quote Every accident, no matter how minor, is a
failure of the organization. Jerome Lederer Wet Versus Dry Contaminants From ICAO Annex 14:
Wet Snow Snow which, if compacted by hand, will stick together and tend to or form a snowball; specific gravity: 0.35 up to but not including 0.5. Slush Water-saturated snow which with a heel-and-toe slapdown motion against the ground will be displaced with a splatter; specific gravity: 0.5 up to 0.8. Dry Snow Snow which can be blown if loose or, if compacted by hand, will fall apart again upon release; specific gravity: up to but not including 0.35. How Are Ficons Reported?
AirportFaxPhoneWebRadio Answering Machine 1x 2xx 3xx 4xx 5xx 6xx 7xx 8xx 9x 10x 11x 12x 13xx 14x 15x 16x 17x 18x 19x 20x x 22 Runway Excursion Initiated abort Runway Excursion Speed (KTAS) SAFO - TALPA ARC Safety Alert For Operators (SAFO)
Takeoff And Landing Performance Assessment - Aviation Rule Making Committee (TALPA ARC) Web-based Digital NOTAM System with Real Time Dissemination Think Outside the Box! It Can Be Done Thank You Consolidated Aviation Web Services (CAWS) NWS Consolidated Web Program
QICP Project Consolidated Aviation Web Services (CAWS) NWS Consolidated Web Program Aviation Weather Center & NWS CIO Office QICP Certification QICP Requirements
No single outage longer than 10 minutes Three month cumulative outages not to exceed 30 minutes Security - SSL maintains data integrity 2-minute transaction time accessibility National Weather Service Consolidated Web Program / enabling QICP 68 eQICP Project eQICP = enabling QICP NWS Consolidated Web Program
Qualified Internet Communications Provider (QICP) Security, Reliability & Accessibility Consolidated Aviation Web Services (CAWS) AviationWeather.gov Aviation Digital Data Services (ADDS) International Flight Folder Document Program (IFFDP) NWS Consolidated Web Program (NWS CWP) Integration to achieve QICP reliability standards National Weather Service Consolidated Web Program / enabling QICP 69 3 Sites for Redundancy National Weather Service Consolidated Web Program / enabling QICP 70 NWS QICP Approach Consolidated Aviation Web Services
NEXTGEN Aviation Weather Testbed Web Site Space Web Services CWSU Consolidated Web Services ADDS Data Services WAFS Data Services IFFDP Web Services CAWS eQICP ADDS.AviationWeather.gov AviationWeather.gov WAFS Web Services National Weather Service Consolidated Web Program / enabling QICP 71 eQICP Benefit Certification Commercial operators (part 121 & 135) not authorized to obtain aviation weather information via the Internet unless the site is QICP certified Integration Leveraging the NWS CWP benefits the entire NWS aviation program Scalability Enables continuing growth Resolves current server load problems Affordable Leverages hardware/software and IT functions; economy of scale National Weather Service Consolidated Web Program / enabling QICP 72 Costs Initial investment by the Aviation Weather Center (AWC) and NWS CWP Sustained by NWS as part of the NWS CWP Governance model being vetted by NWS National Weather Service Consolidated Web Program / enabling QICP 73 eQICP Major Milestones
Dec 2008: CAWS prototype complete March 2009: Integrate with NWS CWP June 2009: Complete testing and apply to FAA for QICP certification National Weather Service Consolidated Web Program / enabling QICP 74