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Jeff Fox Science Teacher, Perry High School Randy …...Final products: Biodiesel and glycerol 2...
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Supported by National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC) Award No. EEC-0813570 The Office of Energy Independence Award 10DO2 Used fryer oil is strained through a coffee filter. Heating oil to 50 o C and measuring methanol (“Heet”) Measuring 2 grams of sodium hydroxide Adding Sodium hydroxide to 60 ml methanol. (Exothermic reaction) Using push pin to drain biodiesel above the glycerol layer Final products: Biodiesel and glycerol Jeff Fox Science Teacher, Perry High School Randy Hansen Science Teacher, Brody Middle School Shelly Vanyo Science Teacher, Southeast Polk Middle School Glycerol is used to make soap Adding biodiesel into the beaker and leaving the glycerol on the bottom of the bottle Biodiesel is used to run the generator Transesterification of oils: Historical background The concept of using vegetable oil as an engine fuel likely dates to when Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) developed the first engine to run on peanut oil, as he demonstrated at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. Rudolf Diesel firmly believed the utilization of a biomass fuel to be the real future of his engine. He wanted to provide farmers the opportunity to produce their own fuel. In 1911, he said, "The diesel engine can be fed with vegetable oils and would help considerably in the development of agriculture of the countries which use it." "The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become, in the course of time, as important as the petroleum and coal tar products of the present time." Rudolf Diesel, 1912 H H I I H-C-OOR 1 H-C-OH + R 1 OOCH 3 I (catalyst) I H-C-OOR 2 + 3CH 2 OH -----------> H-C-OH + R 2 OOCH 3 I I H-C-OOR 3 H-C-OH + R 3 OOCH 3 I I H H (NaOH) (fat or oil) + (methanol) ------------> (glycerol) + (methyl esters) Biodiesel reduces our dependency on foreign oil, much of which is produced in countries that just don’t like us very much. Biodiesel A biodegradable, nontoxic, alternative liquid fuel derived from vegetable oils (including waste oil) and fats. It shares similar combustion properties as regular petroleum diesel fuel yet, has significantly fewer emissions when burned. Biodiesel is created using a process called transesterification. This process is described in greater detail below. Currently, the largest sources of suitable oil comes from oil crops including soybean, rapeseed, corn, and sunflower. At present, oil straight from agricultural industries represents the greatest potential sources, but it is not being used for commercial production of biodiesel simply because the raw oil is too expensive. Currently, biodiesel is not cost effective due to the cost of converting it to biodiesel has been added, the price is too high to compete with petroleum diesel. Waste vegetable oil can often be obtained for free or for a small fee. The production of biodiesel does have some challenges. One is if using waste oil, it must be treated to remove impurities like free fatty acids (FFA) before the conversion to biodiesel is possible. Another is the limited availability of the oils. In conclusion, biodiesel produced from waste vegetable/animal oil and fats can compete with the prices of petroleum diesel without national subsidies. Unfortunately, Rudolf Diesel died in 1913 before his vision of a vegetable oil powered engine was fully realized. At the time of Diesel’s death, the petroleum industry was rapidly developing and producing a cheap by-product called "diesel fuel" that would power a modified "diesel engine". Thus, clean vegetable oil was forgotten as a renewable source of power. Modern diesels are now designed to run on a less viscous (easier flowing) fuel than straight vegetable oil, but, in times of fuel shortages, cars and trucks were successfully run on preheated peanut oil and animal fat. REFERENCES Mike Zeller - Biotechnology Outreach Education Coordinator While the current research to find renewable alternatives to petroleum based fuels is rapidly expanding, many questions remain to be asked and answered. Young engineers will offer the solution for this dilemma and many others.
Transcript of Jeff Fox Science Teacher, Perry High School Randy …...Final products: Biodiesel and glycerol 2...
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Supported by National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC) Award No. EEC-0813570
The Office of Energy Independence Award 10DO2
Used fryer oil is strained through a coffee filter.
Heating oil to 50oC and measuring methanol (“Heet”)
Measuring 2 grams of sodium hydroxide
Adding Sodium hydroxide to 60 ml methanol. (Exothermic reaction)
Using push pin to drain biodiesel above the glycerol layer
Final products: Biodiesel and glycerol
Jeff Fox Science Teacher, Perry High School Randy Hansen Science Teacher, Brody Middle School
Shelly Vanyo Science Teacher, Southeast Polk Middle School
Glycerol is used to make soap
Adding biodiesel into the beaker and leaving the glycerol on the bottom of the bottle
Biodiesel is used to run the generator
Transesterification of oils:
Historical background The concept of using vegetable oil as an engine fuel likely dates to when Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) developed the first engine to run on peanut oil, as he demonstrated at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. Rudolf Diesel firmly believed the utilization of a biomass fuel to be the real future of his engine. He wanted to provide farmers the opportunity to produce their own fuel. In 1911, he said, "The diesel engine can be fed with vegetable oils and would help considerably in the development of agriculture of the countries which use it." "The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become, in the course of time, as important as the petroleum and coal tar products of the present time." Rudolf Diesel, 1912
H H I I H-C-OOR1 H-C-OH + R1OOCH3 I (catalyst) I H-C-OOR2 + 3CH2OH -----------> H-C-OH + R2OOCH3 I I H-C-OOR3 H-C-OH + R3OOCH3 I I H H (NaOH) (fat or oil) + (methanol) ------------> (glycerol) + (methyl esters)
Biodiesel reduces our dependency on foreign oil, much of which is produced in countries that just don’t like us very much.
Biodiesel A biodegradable, nontoxic, alternative liquid fuel derived from vegetable oils (including waste oil) and fats. It shares similar combustion properties as regular petroleum diesel fuel yet, has significantly fewer emissions when burned. Biodiesel is created using a process called transesterification. This process is described in greater detail below. Currently, the largest sources of suitable oil comes from oil crops including soybean, rapeseed, corn, and sunflower. At present, oil straight from agricultural industries represents the greatest potential sources, but it is not being used for commercial production of biodiesel simply because the raw oil is too expensive. Currently, biodiesel is not cost effective due to the cost of converting it to biodiesel has been added, the price is too high to compete with petroleum diesel. Waste vegetable oil can often be obtained for free or for a small fee. The production of biodiesel does have some challenges. One is if using waste oil, it must be treated to remove impurities like free fatty acids (FFA) before the conversion to biodiesel is possible. Another is the limited availability of the oils. In conclusion, biodiesel produced from waste vegetable/animal oil and fats can compete with the prices of petroleum diesel without national subsidies.
Unfortunately, Rudolf Diesel died in 1913 before his vision of a vegetable oil powered engine was fully realized. At the time of Diesel’s death, the petroleum industry was rapidly developing and producing a cheap by-product called "diesel fuel" that would power a modified "diesel engine". Thus, clean vegetable oil was forgotten as a renewable source of power. Modern diesels are now designed to run on a less viscous (easier flowing) fuel than straight vegetable oil, but, in times of fuel shortages, cars and trucks were successfully run on preheated peanut oil and animal fat.
REFERENCES Mike Zeller - Biotechnology Outreach Education Coordinator
While the current research to find renewable alternatives to petroleum based fuels is rapidly expanding, many questions remain to be asked and answered. Young engineers will offer the solution for this dilemma and many others.
