I cannot make liberty my aimunless I make that of othersequally my aim.

From Wikiquote

Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 15 April 1980),normally known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre, was a Frenchexistentialist philosopher, dramatist and screenwriter, novelist,and critic. He had an enduring personal relationship with fellowphilosopher Simone de Beauvoir.

1 Quotes1.1 Nausea (1938)1.2 Being and Nothingness (1943)1.3 The Flies (1943)1.4 Characterizations of Existentialism (1944)1.5 No Exit (1944)1.6 Anti-Semite and Jew (1945)1.7 Dirty Hands (1948)1.8 The Devil and the Good Lord (1951)1.9 Saint Genet, Actor and Martyr (1952)1.10 Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960)1.11 Les Temps modernes (1961)1.12 Miscellaneous

2 Quotes about Sartre3 External links

Dostoevsky once wrote: If God did not exist, everything would be permitted; and that, forexistentialism, is the starting point. Everything is indeed permitted if God does not exist, andman is in consequence forlorn, for he cannot find anything to depend upon either within oroutside himself. He discovers forthwith, that he is without excuse.

Lecture given in 1946 (Existentialism from Dostoyevsky to Sartre, ed. Walter Kaufman,Meridian Publishing Company, 1989;) (http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sartre/works/exist/sartre.htm) (1946)

Imagination is not an empirical or superadded power of consciousness, it is the whole ofconsciousness as it realizes its freedom.

L'imagination (Imagination: A Psychological Critique) (http://encarta.msn.com/quote_561556153/Imagination_Imagination_is_not_an_empirical_or.html) (1936)

Every age has its own poetry; inevery age the circumstances ofhistory choose a nation, a race, aclass to take up the torch bycreating situations that can beexpressed or transcended onlythrough poetry.

He was free, free in every way, free to behave like a fool or amachine, free to accept, free to refuse, free to equivocate; tomarry, to give up the game, to drag this death weight aboutwith him for years to come. He could do what he liked, noone had the right to advise him, there would be for him noGood or Evil unless he thought them into being.

L'ge de raison (The Age of Reason) (1945)

He yawned. He had finished the day and he had alsofinished with his youth. Various well-bred moralities hadalready discreetly offered him their services: disillusionedepicureanism, smiling tolerance, resignation, common sensestoicism - all the aids whereby a man may savour, minuteby minute, like a connoisseur, the failure of a life.

L'ge de raison (The Age of Reason) (1945)

We will freedom for freedoms sake, in and throughparticular circumstances. And in thus willing freedom, wediscover that it depends entirely upon the freedom ofothers and that the freedom of others depends upon ourown. Obviously, freedom as the definition of a man doesnot depend upon others, but as soon as there is acommitment, I am obliged to will the liberty of others at thesame time as my own. I cannot make liberty my aim unlessI make that of others equally my aim.

Existentialism Is a Humanism, lecture [1](http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sartre/works/exist/sartre.htm) (1946)

What do we mean by saying that existence precedes essence? We mean that man first of allexists, encounters himself, surges up in the world and defines himself afterwards. If man asthe existentialist sees him is not definable, it is because to begin with he is nothing. He will notbe anything until later, and then he will be what he makes of himself. Thus, there is no humannature, because there is no God to have a conception of it. Man simply is. Not that he is simplywhat he conceives himself to be, but he is what he wills, and as he conceives himself afteralready existing as he wills to be after that leap towards existence. Man is nothing else but thatwhich he makes of himself. That is the first principle of existentialism.

Existentialism Is a Humanism, lecture [2] (http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sartre/works/exist/sartre.htm) (1946)

Existentialism is nothing else but an attempt to draw the full conclusions from a consistentlyatheistic position. Its intention is not in the least that of plunging men into despair. And if bydespair one means as the Christians do any attitude of unbelief, the despair of theexistentialists is something different. Existentialism is not atheist in the sense that it wouldexhaust itself in demonstrations of the non-existence of God. It declares, rather, that even if Godexisted that would make no difference from its point of view. Not that we believe God doesexist, but we think that the real problem is not that of His existence; what man needs is to findhimself again and to understand that nothing can save him from himself, not even a valid proof

of the existence of God. In this sense existentialism is optimistic. It is a doctrine of action, and itis only by self-deception, by confining their own despair with ours that Christians can describeus as without hope.

Existentialism Is a Humanism, lecture (1946)

What then did you expect when you unbound the gag that muted those black mouths? Thatthey would chant your praises? Did you think that when those heads that our fathers hadforcibly bowed down to the ground were raised again, you would find adoration in their eyes?

"Orphe Noir (Black Orpheus)" preface, Anthologie de la Nouvelle Posie Ngre et Malgache(1948)

Every age has its own poetry; in every age the circumstances of history choose a nation, arace, a class to take up the torch by creating situations that can be expressed or transcendedonly through poetry.

"Orphe Noir (Black Orpheus)"

Fascism is not defined by the number of its victims, but by the way it kills them."On the Execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg," Libration (22 June 1953)

Our responsibility is much greater than we might have supposed, because it involves allmankind.

Existentialism and Human Emotions (1957)

To choose this or that is to affirm at the same time the value of what we choose, because wecan never choose evil. We always choose the good, and nothing can be good for us withoutbeing good for all.

Existentialism and Human Emotions (1957)

If literature isnt everything, its not worth a single hour of someones trouble.Interview (1960), Quoted in Susan Sontag's introduction to Barthes: Selected Writings,Writing Itself: On Roland Barthes, (1982)

A writer who takes political, social or literary positions must act only with the means that arehis. These means are the written words.

Refusing the Nobel Prize, New York Times (22 October 1964)

What I see is teeming cohesion, contained dispersal. For him, to sculpt is to take the fat offspace.

On Alberto Giacomettis work, Situations, in Braziller (1965)

She believed in nothing; only her skepticism kept her from being an atheist.The Words (1964), speaking of his grandmother.

I hate victims who respect their executioners.Loser Wins (http://books.google.com/books?id=NwBMAAAAMAAJ&q=%22I+hate+victims+who+respect+their+executioners%22) (Les Squestrs d'Altona: APlay in Five Acts) (1960)

I believe (Che Guevara) was notonly an intellectual but also themost complete human being ofour age.

You know how much I admire Che Guevara. In fact, Ibelieve that the man was not only an intellectual but alsothe most complete human being of our age: as a fighter andas a man, as a theoretician who was able to further the causeof revolution by drawing his theories from his personalexperience in battle.

As quoted in Marianne Sinclair's !Viva Che!:Contributions in Tribute to Ernesto 'Che' Guevara (1968)

Nausea (1938)

La nause (Nausea)

When you live alone you no longer know what it is to tell a story: the plausible disappears atthe same time as the friends. You let events flow by too: you suddenly see people appear whospeak and then go away; you plunge into stories of which you can't make head or tail: you'dmake a terrible witness.

Diary entry of Tuesday, 30 January

People who live in society have learned how to see themselves in mirrors as they appear to theirfriends. I have no friends. Is that why my flesh is so naked?

Diary entry of Friday (2 February)

I think they do it to pass the time, nothing more. But time is too large, it can't be filled up.Everything you plunge into it is stretched and disintegrates.

Diary entry of Friday (2 February), concerning a card game

As for the square at Meknes, where I used to go every day, it's even simpler: I do not see it at allanymore. All that remains is the vague feeling that it was charming, and these five words thatare indivisibly bound together: a charming square at Meknes. I don't see anything any more: Ican search the past in vain, I can only find these scraps of images and I am not sure what theyrepresent, whether they are memories or just fiction.

Diary entry of Friday 3:00pm (9 February?)

And we feel that the hero has lived all the details of this night like annunciations, promises, oreven that he lived only those that were promises, blind and deaf to all that did not heraldadventure. We forget that the future was not yet there; the man was walking in the nightwithout forethought, a night which offered him a choice of dull rich prizes, and he did notmake his choice.

Diary entry of Saturday noon (10 February?)

I exist. It is soft, so soft, so slow. And light: it seems as though it suspends in the air. It moves.

Three o'clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.

Ma pense, c'est moi: voil pourquoi je ne peux pas m'arrter. J'existe parce que je pense et je ne peuxpas m'empcher de penser.

My thought is me: that's why I can't stop. I exist because I think and I can't prevent

myself from thinking.Lundi ("Monday")

Monsieur I do not believe in God; his existence has been disproved by Science. But in theconcentration camp, I learned to believe in men.

I wanted for the moments in my life to follow each other and order themselves like those of alife remembered. It would be just as well to try to catch time by the tail.

As if there could be true stories: things happen in one way, and we retell them in the oppositeway.

I construct my memories with my present. I am lost, abandoned in the present. I try in vain torejoin the past: I cannot escape.

The real nature of the present revealed itself: it was what exists, all that was not present didnot exist.

The past is the luxury of proprietors.

Who can exhaust a man? Who knows a mans resources?

For an occurrence to become an adventure, it is necessary and sufficient for one to recount it.

For the moment, the jazz is playing; there is no melody, just notes, a myriad of tiny tremors. Thenotes know no rest, an inflexible order gives birth to them then destroys them, without everleaving them the chance to recuperate and exist for themselves.... I would like to hold themback, but I know that, if I succeeded in stopping one, there would only remain in my hand acorrupt and languishing sound. I must accept their death; I must even want that death: I knowof few more bitter or intense impressions.

All that I know about my life, it seems, I have learned in books.

Absurd, irreducible; nothing not even a profound and secret delirium of nature couldexplain it. Obviously I did not know everything, I had not seen the seeds sprout, or the treegrow. But faced with this great wrinkled paw, neither ignorance nor knowledge was important:the world of explanations and reasons is not the world of existence. A circle is not absurd, it isclearly explained by the rotation of a straight segment around one of its extremities. But neitherdoes a circle exist. This root, on the other hand, existed in such a way that I could not explainit.

Reflections on a chestnut tree root.

How can I, who was not able to retain my own past, hope to save that of another?

I exist, that is all, and I find it nauseating.

I know. I know that I shall never again meet anything or anybody who will inspire me withpassion. You know, it's quite a job starting to love somebody. You have to have energy,generosity, blindness. There is even a moment, in the very beginning, when you have to

jump across a precipice: if you think about it you don't do it. I know I'll never jump again.

I grasp at each second, trying to suck it dry: nothing happens which I do not seize, which I donot fix forever in myself, nothing, neither the fugitive tenderness of those lovely eyes, nor thenoises of the street, nor the false dawn of early morning: and even so the minute passes and I donot hold it back, I like to see it pass.

By turning my head slightly, I could see something out of the corner of my eye: it was a hand,the small white hand which slid along the table a little while ago. Now it was resting on itsback, relaxed, soft and sensual, it had the indolent nudity of a woman sunning herself afterbathing. A brown hairy object approached it, hesitant. It was a thick finger, yellowed bytobacco; inside this hand it had all the grossness of a male sex organ. It stopped for an instant,rigid, pointing at the fragile palm, then suddenly, it timidly began to stroke it. I was notsurprised, I was only furious at the Self-Taught Man (L'Autodidacte); couldn't he hold himselfback, the fool, didn't he realize the risk he was running?The Self-Taught Man did not look surprised. He must have been expecting this for years. Hemust have imagined what would happen a hundred times, the day the Corsican would slip upbehind him and a furious voice would resound suddenly in his ears. Yet he came back everyevening, he feverishly pursued his reading and then, from time to time, like a thief, stroked awhite hand or perhaps the leg of a small boy. It was resignation that I read on his face.

Every existing thing is born without reason, prolongs itself out of weakness and dies by chance.

Being and Nothingness (1943)

L'tre et le nant (Being and Nothingness)

Nothingness haunts being.Part 1, Chapter 1, III

Generosity is nothing else than a craze to possess. All which I abandon, all which I give, I enjoyin a higher manner through the fact that I give it away.... To give is to enjoy possessively theobject which one gives.

Part 2

I am responsible for everything except for my very responsibility, for I am not thefoundation of my being. Therefore everything takes place as if I were compelled to beresponsible. I am abandoned in the world in the sense that I find myself suddenly alone andwithout help, engaged in a world for which I bear the whole responsibility without being able,whatever I do, to tear myself away from this responsibility for an instant.

Part 4, Chapter 1, III

To eat is to appropriate by destruction.Part 3: Being-For-Others

In order to make myself recognized by the Other, I must risk my own life. To risk one's life, infact, is to reveal oneself as not-bound to the objective form or to any determined existence asnot-bound to life.

p. 237, 1998 edition

L'existence prcde et commande l'essence.Existence precedes and rules essence.Part 4, chapter 1

Je suis condamn tre libre.I am condemned to be free.Part 4, chapter 1

L'homme est une passion inutile.Man is a useless passion.Part 4, Chapter 2, III

Each human reality is at the same time a direct project to metamorphose its own For-itselfinto an In-itself-For-itself, a project of the appropriation of the world as a totality of being-in-itself, in the form of a fundamental quality. Every human reality is a passion in that itprojects losing itself so as to found being and by the same stroke to constitute the In-itselfwhich escapes contingency by being its own foundation, the Ens causa sui, which religionscall God. Thus the passion of man is the reverse of that of Christ, for man loses himself asman in order that God may be born. But the idea of God is contradictory and we loseourselves in vain. Man is a useless passion.

Part 4, Chapter 2, III

All human activities are equivalent and all are on principle doomed to failure.Conclusion, II

Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible foreverything he does.

Life has no meaning a priori It is up to you to give it a meaning, and value is nothing but themeaning that you choose.

It is certain that we cannot escape anguish, for we are anguish.

The For-itself, in fact, is nothing but the pure nihilation of the In-itself; it is like a hole of being atthe heart of Being.

Man is always separated from what he is by all the breadth of the being which he is not. Hemakes himself known to himself from the other side of the world and he looks from the horizontoward himself to recover his inner being.

Generally speaking there is no irreducible taste or inclination. They all represent a certainappropriative choice of being. It is up to existential psychoanalysis to compare and classifythem. Ontology abandons us here; it has merely enabled us to determine the ultimate ends ofhuman reality, its fundamental possibilities, and the value which haunts it.

The Flies (1943)

Les mouches (The Flies)

But [your crime] will be there, one hundred times denied, always there, dragging itself behindyou. Then you will finally know that you have committed your life with one throw of the die,once and for all, and there is nothing you can do but tug our crime along until your death. Suchis the law, just and unjust, of repentance. Then we will see what will become of your youngpride.

Clytemnestra to her daughter Electra, Act 1

Be quiet! Anyone can spit in my face, and call me a criminal and a prostitute. But no one has theright to judge my remorse.

Act 1

Fear? If I have gained anything by damning myself, it is that I no longer have anything to fear.Act 1

Admit it, it is your youth that you regret, more even than your crime; it is my youth you hate,even more than my innocence.

Electra to her mother Clytemnestra, Act 1

Some men are born committed to action: they do not have a choice, they have been thrownon a path, at the end of that path, an act awaits them, their act.

Act 1

They are in bad faith they are afraid and fear, bad faith have an aroma that the gods finddelicious. Yes, the gods like that, the pitiful souls.

Act 1

Ah! Do not judge the gods, young man, they have painful secrets.Jupiter, Act 1

Yes, I am so free. And what a superb absence is my soul.Orestes, Act 1

You must be afraid, my son. That is how one becomes an honest citizen.Mother to her young son, Act 1

Her face seems ravaged by both lightning and hail. But on yours there is something like thepromise of a storm: one day passion will burn it to the bone.

Act 1

I felt less alone when I didnt know you yet: I was waiting for the other. I thought only of hisstrength and never of my weakness. And now here you are, Orestes, it was you. I look at youand I see that we are two orphans.

Electra to her brother Orestes, Act 2

A man who is free is like a mangy sheep in a herd. He will contaminate my entire kingdom andruin my work.

King Aegistheus, Act 2

Nicias, do you think you can erase with good deeds the wrongs you committed against yourmother? What good deed will ever reach her? Her soul is a scorching noon time, without asingle breath of a breeze, nothing moves, nothing changes, nothing lives there; a greatemaciated sun, an immobile sun eternally consumes her.

King Aegistheus, Act 2

What do I care about Jupiter? Justice is a human issue, and I do not need a god to teach it to me.Orestes, Act 2

Commoners are weightless. But he was a royal bon vivant who, no matter what, alwaysweighed 125 kilos. I would be very surprised if he didnt have a few pounds left.

A soldier in Argos, speaking of the dead King Agamemnon, Act 2

All-powerful god, who am I but the fear that I inspire in others?King Aegistheus to Jupiter, Act 2

Blood doubly unites us, for we share the same blood and we have spilled blood.Orestes to Electra, Act 2

Suppose that I wish to deserve the title of robber of remorse and that I place in myself all [thetownspeoples] repentence?

Orestes to Electra, Act 2

But, if it will help ease your irritated souls, please know, dearly departed, that you have ruinedour lives.

Aegistheus, Act 2

It is for the sake of order that I seduced Clytemnestra, for the sake of order that I killed my king.I wanted for order to rule and that it rule through me. I have lived without desire, without love,without hope: I made order. Oh! terrible and divine passion!

Aegistheus, Act 2

Understand me: I wish to be a man from somewhere, a man among men. You see, a slave, whenhe passes by, weary and surly, carrying a heavy load, limping along and looking down at hisfeet, only at his feet to avoid falling down; he is in his town, like a leaf in greenery, like a tree ina forest, argos surrounds him, heavy and warm, full of herself; I want to be that slave, Electra, Iwant to pull the city around me and to roll myself up in it like a blanket. I will not leave.

Orestes to Electra, Act 2

I have no need for good souls: an accomplice is what I wanted.Electra to her brother Orestes, Act 2

He is dead, and my hatred has died with him.Electra, before the dead Aegistheus, Act 2

Jupiter: I committed the first crime by creating men as mortals. After that, what more could youdo, you the murderers?Aegisteus: Come on; they already had death in them: at most you simply hastened things a

little.Act 2

Ah! How I hate the crimes of the new generation: they are dry and sterile as darnel.Jupiter to Orestes, Act 2

The painful secret of gods and kings is that men are free, Aegistheus. You know it and theydo not.

Jupiter, Act 2

Aegistheus, the kings have another secret.... Once liberty has exploded in the soul of a man, theGods can do nothing against that man. It is a matter for men to handle amongst themselves, andit is up to other men and to them alone to let him flee or to destroy him.

Jupiter, Act 2

Now I am weary and I can no longer tell good from Evil, and I need someone to show me theway.

Orestes to Electra, Act 2

Jupiter: I gave you the liberty to serve me.Orestes: That is possible, but it has turned against you and there is nothing either one of us cando about it.

Act 3

I came to claim my kingdom and you refused me because I was not one of you. Now I am oneof you, my subjects, we are bound by blood, and I deserve to be your king. Your sins and yourremorse, your mighty anguish, I take all upon myself. Fear your dead no more, they are mydead.

Orestes, Act 3

Remember, Orestes: you were part of my herd, you grazed in the fields along with my sheep.Your liberty is nothing but a mange eating away at you, it is nothing but an exile.

Jupiter, Act 3

We were too light, Electra. Now our feet press down in the earth like the wheels of a cart in itsgroove. Come with me, and we will walk heavily, bending under the weight of our heavy load.

Orestes, Act 3

Your entire universe will not be enough to make me guilty. You are the king of the Gods,Jupiter, the king of the stones and of the stars, the king of the waves of the sea. But you are notthe king of men.

Orestes, Act 3

Jupiter: I am not your king, impudent larva? Who then has created you?Orestes: You. But you should not have created me free.

Act 3

I am a man, Jupiter, and each man must invent his own path.

Orestes, Act 3

You are a tiny little girl, Electra. Other little girls dreamed of being the richest or the mostbeautiful women of all. And you, fascinated by the horrid destiny of your people, you wishedto become the most pained and the most criminal At your age, children still play with dollsand they play hopscotch. You, poor child, without toys or playmates, you played murder,because it is a game that one can play alone.

Jupiter to Electra, Act 3

Characterizations of Existentialism (1944)

A propos de l'existentialisme: Mise au Point (Action, 29 December 1944)

In a word, man must create his own essence: it is in throwing himself into the world,suffering there, struggling there, that he gradually defines himself.

Man cannot will unless he has first understood that he must count on no one but himself; thathe is alone, abandoned on earth in the midst of his infinite responsibilities, without help, withno other aim than the one he sets himself, with no other destiny than the one he forges forhimself on this earth.

With despair, true optimism begins: the optimism of the man who expects nothing, whoknows he has no rights and nothing coming to him, who rejoices in counting on himselfalone and in acting alone for the good of all.

...man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world and defines himselfafterwards.

No Exit (1944)

Huis-clos (No Exit)

I will take it all: tongs, molten lead, prongs, garrotes, all that burns, all that tears, I want to trulysuffer. Better one hundred bites, better the whip, vitriol, than this suffering in the head, thisghost of suffering which grazes and caresses and never hurts enough.

Act 1, sc. 5

Criminals together. We're in hell, my little friend, and there's never any mistake there. Peopleare not damned for nothing.

Act 1, sc. 5Variant translation: Among murderers. We are in hell, my dear, there is never a mistakeand people are not damned for nothing.

If we must absolutely mention this state of affairs, I suggest that we call ourselves absent, thatis more proper.

Estelle, refusing to use the word dead, Act 1, sc. 5

Alors, cest a lenfer. Je n'aurais jamais cru... vous vous rappelez: le soufre, le bcher, le gril... ah! Quelle

Hell is other people

plaisanterie. Pas besoin de gril, l'enfer, c'est les autres.So that is what hell is. I would never have believed it.You remember: the fire and brimstone, the torture.Ah! the farce. There is no need for torture: Hell isother people.Garcin, Act 1, sc. 5

Your crystal? Thats silly. Whom do you think you arefooling? Come on, everyone knows that I threw the babyout of the window. The crystal is shattered on earth, and Ido not care. I am no longer anything but a skin, and myskin does not belong to you.

Estelle to Ins, Act 1, sc. 5

It is better; heavier, crueler. The mouth you wear for hell.Ins to Estelle after she has applied lipstick, Act 1, sc. 5

As for me, I am mean: that means that I need the suffering of others to exist. A flame. A flame intheir hearts. When I am all alone, I am extinguished.

Ins, describing her path to Hell, Act 1, sc. 5

You have stolen my face from me: you know it and I no longer do.Act 1, sc. 5

Dont you feel the same way? When I cannot see myself, even though I touch myself, I wonderif I really exist.

Estelle, discovering that there are no mirrors in Hell, Act 1, sc. 5

Ha! to forget. How childish! I feel you in my bones. Your silence screams in my ears. You maynail your mouth shut, you may cut out your tongue, can you keep yourself from existing? Willyou stop your thoughts.

Ins reiterating to Garcin that they cannot ignore one another, Act 1, sc. 5

On meurt toujours trop tt - ou trop tard. Et cependant la vie est l, termine : le trait est tir, il fautfaire la somme. Tu n'es rien d'autre que ta vie.

One always dies too soon or too late. And yet, life is there, finished: the line isdrawn, and it must all be added up. You are nothing other than your life.Ins, Act 1, sc. 5

We are in hell and I will have my turn!Ins warns Garcin and Estelle not to make love in her presence, Act 1, sc. 5

If only you knew how little I care. Cowardly or not, as long as he is a good kisser.Estelle on Garcin, Act 1, sc. 5

I think of death only with tranquility, as an end. I refuse to let death hamper life. Death mustenter life only to define it.

On est ce qu'on veut.A man is what he wills himself to be.

Anti-Semite and Jew (1945)

The more one is absorbed in fighting evil, the less one is tempted to place the good inquestion.

Dirty Hands (1948)

Les Mains Sales (Dirty Hands)

It is the good children, Madame, who make the most terrible revolutionaries. They say nothing,they do not hide under the table, they eat only one sweet at a time, but later on, they makeSociety pay dearly for it!

Jessica, Act 3, sc. 1

As for us, my little friend, we entered [the Communist Party] because we were tired of dying ofhunger.

Act 3, sc. 2

I respect orders but I respect myself too and I do not obey foolish rules made especially tohumiliate me.

Hugo to Slick and Georges, Act 3, sc. 2

They made me take cod liver oil: that is the height of luxury: a medicine to make you hungrywhile the others, in the street, would have sold themselves for a beefsteak. I saw them passingmy window with their signs: Give me bread.

Act 3, sc. 3

In any case, if you ever leave me with a handsome man, do not tell me that you trust mebecause, let me warn you: that is not what will prevent me from deceiving you, if I want to. Onthe contrary.

Jessica to her husband Hugo, Act 3, sc. 5

Karsky: I met your father last week. Are you still interested in hearing how he is doing?Hugo: No.Karsky: It is very probable that you will be responsible for his death.Hugo: It is virtually certain that he is responsible for my life. We are even.

Act 4, sc. 4

Listen to me: a family man is never a real family man. An assassin is never entirely assassin.They play a role, you understand. While a dead man, he is really dead. To be or not to be, right?

Hugo, Act 4, sc. 6

It is the same thing: killing, dying, it is the same thing: one is just as alone in each. He is lucky,he will only die once. As for me, for ten days I have been killing him at every minute.

Hugo to Jessica, on his plans to kill Hoederer, Act 5, sc. 2

I say a murder is abstract. You pull the trigger and after that you do not understand anythingthat happens.

Act 5, sc. 2

I was your luxury. For nineteen years I have been put in your mans world and was forbiddento touch anything and you made me think that all was going very well and that I did not haveto worry about anything but putting flowers in vases. Why did you lie to me? Why did youkeep me ignorant, if it was to admit to me one day that this world is cracking and that you areall powerless and to make me choose between a suicide and a murder?

Jessica to Hugo, Act 5, sc. 2

Politics is a science. You can demonstrate that you are right and that others are wrong.Act 5, sc. 2

I do not give a damn about the dead. They died for the [Communist] Party and the Party candecide what it wants. I practice a live mans politics, for the living.

Act 5, sc. 3

What do you want to do with the [Communist] Party? A racing stable? What good is it tosharpen a knife every day if you never use it for slicing? A party is never more than a means.There is only one objective: power.

Hoederer to Hugo, Act 5, sc. 3

Intellectuals cannot be good revolutionaries; they are just good enough to be assassins.Act 5, sc. 3

I was not the one to invent lies: they were created in a society divided by class and each of usinherited lies when we were born. It is not by refusing to lie that we will abolish lies: it is byeradicating class by any means necessary.

Act 5, sc. 3

The [Communist] Party has one objective: the creation of a socialist economy; and one means:the utilization of the class struggle.

Hugo, Act 5, sc. 3

As far as men go, it is not what they are that interests me, but what they can become.Act 5, sc. 3

You take souls for vegetables.... The gardener can decide what will become of his carrots but noone can choose the good of others for them.

Heinrich, Act 5, sc. 3

I entered the [Communist] Party because its cause was just and I will leave it when it ceases tobe just.

Hugo to Hoederer, Act 5, sc. 3

The best work is not what is most difficult for you; it is what you do best.Act 6, sc. 2

I know nothing, I am neither woman nor girl; I have been living in a dream and when someonekissed me, it made me want to laugh. Now I am here before you, it seems as though I have justawakened and it is morning.

Act 6, sc. 2

The Devil and the Good Lord (1951)

Le diable et le bon dieu (The Devil and the Good Lord)

I tell you in truth: all men are Prophets or else God does not exist.Act 1

If you are not already dead, forgive. Rancor is heavy, it is worldly; leave it on earth: die light.Act 1

I know only one Church: it is the society of men.Act 1

If a victory is told in detail, one can no longer distinguish it from a defeat.Act 1

It is too early to love. We will buy the right to do so by shedding blood.Act 1

Your church is a whore: she sells her favors to the rich.Act 1

It is not the same thing. You are perhaps not lying, but you are not telling the truth.Act 1

I do not understand! I understand nothing! I cannot understand nor do I want to understand! Iwant to believe! To Believe!

Act 1

Lord, you have cursed Cain and Cains children: thy will be done. You have allowed menshearts to be corrupted, that their intentions be rotten, that their actions putrefy and stink: thywill be done.

Act 1

Quand les riches se font la guerre, ce sont les pauvres qui meurent.Translation: When the rich make war, it's the poor that die.

Ah! yes, I know: those who see me rarely trust my word: I must look too intelligent to keep it.Act 2, sc. 3

It is the same: a chosen one is a man whom Gods finger crushes against the wall.Act 2, sc. 4

You see, I divide men into three categories: those who have a lot of money, those who have

none at all and those who have a little. The first want to keep what they have: their interest is tomaintain order; the second want to take what they do not have: their interest is to destroy theexisting order and to establish one which is profitable to them. They each are realist, peoplewith whom one can agree. The third group want to overthrow the social order to take whatthey do not have, while still preserving it so that no one takes away what they have. Thus, theypreserve in fact what they destroy in theory, or they destroy in fact what they seem to preserve.Those are the idealists.

Act 3, sc. 3

I can be twenty women, one hundred, if thats what you want, all women. Ride with me behindyou, I weigh nothing, your horse will not feel me. I want to be your whorehouse!

Act 3, sc. 4

Catherine: Why commit Evil?Goetz: Because Good has already been done.Catherine: Who has done it?Goetz: God the Father. I, on the other hand, am improvising.

Act 3, sc. 4

I am not virtuous. Our sons will be if we shed enough blood to give them the right to be.Act 3, sc. 5

Yes, Lord, you are innocence itself: how could you conceive of Nothingness, you who areplenitude? Your gaze is light and transforms all into light: how could you know the half-light inmy heart?

Act 3, sc. 6

If you want to deserve Hell, you need only stay in bed. The world is iniquity; if you accept it,you are an accomplice, if you change it you are an executioner.

Act 3, sc. 6

There are two types of poor people, those who are poor together and those who are pooralone. The first are the true poor, the others are rich people out of luck.

Act 4, sc. 5

I will not be modest. Humble, as much as you like, but not modest. Modesty is the virtue ofthe lukewarm.

Act 4, sc. 5

One cannot become a saint when one works sixteen hours a day.Act 5, sc. 2

I have nothing but contempt for you idiotic chosen ones who have the heart to rejoice whenthere are the damned in Hell and the poor on earth; as for me, I am on the side of men and I willnot leave it.

Act 6, sc. 6

We will not go to Heaven,Goetz, and even if we both entered it, we would not have eyes to

see each other, nor hands to touch each other. Up there, God gets all the attention.... We canonly love on this earth and against God.

Acts 8 & 9

celui qui donne un baiser ou un coupRendez un baiser ou un coupMais celui qui donne sans que vous puissiez rendreOffrez toute la haine de votre coeurCar vous tiez esclaves et il vous asservit

To whomever gives a kiss or a blowRender a kiss or blowBut to whomever gives when you are unable to returnOffer all the hatred in your heartFor you were slaves and he enslaves youActs 8 & 9

If you die, I will lie down beside you and I will stay there until the end, without eating ordrinking, you will rot in my arms and I will love you as carcass: for you love nothing if youdo not love everything.

Act 10, sc. 2

I am no longer sure of anything. If I satiate my desires, I sin but I deliver myself from them; if Irefuse to satisfy them, they infect the whole soul.

Act 10, sc. 2

Do you think that I count the days? There is only one day left, always starting over: it isgiven to us at dawn and taken away from us at dusk.

Act 10, sc. 2

Night is falling: at dusk, you must have good eyesight to be able to tell the Good Lord fromthe Devil.

Act 10, sc. 2

Adieu les monstres ! Adieu les saints ! Adieu l'orgueil ! Il n'y a que des hommes.Farewell to the monsters, farewell to the saints. Farewell to pride. All that is left is men.Act 10, sc. 4

God is the solitude of men. There was only me: I alone decided to commit Evil; alone, I inventedGood. I am the one who cheated, I am the one who performed miracles, I am the one accusingmyself today, I alone can absolve myself; me, the man.

Act 10, sc. 4

Better to have beasts that let themselves be killed than men who run away.Act 11, sc. 2

I wanted pure love: foolishness; to love one another is to hate a common enemy: I will thusespouse your hatred. I wanted Good: nonsense; on this earth and in these times, Good andBad are inseparable: I accept to be evil in order to become good.

Act 11, sc. 2

Saint Genet, Actor and Martyr (1952)

One is still what one is going to cease to be and already what one is going to become. Onelives ones death, one dies ones life.

Book 2, "The Melodious Child Dead in Me"

The French bourgeois doesnt dislike shit, provided it is served up to him at the right time.Book 2, "To Succeed in Being All, Strive to be Nothing in Anything"

The homosexual never thinks of himself when someone is branded in his presence with thename homosexual. ...His sexual tastes will doubtless lead him to enter into relationships with thissuspect category, but he would like to make use of them without being likened to them. Here,too, the ban that is cast on certain men by society has destroyed all possibility of reciprocityamong them. Shame isolates.

I maintain that inversion is the effect of neither a prenatal choice nor an endocrinalmalformation nor even the passive and determined result of complexes. It is an outlet that achild discovers when he is suffocating.

esse est percipi, and he recognizes himself as being only insofar as he is perceived.(46).

such mad confidence within despair.(60).

It was a constraint; he makes of it his mission(61).

But when they have realized that it [society] rejects them forever, they themselves assume theostracism of which they are victims so as not to leave the initiative to their oppressors

(65-6).

This inner revolution is realistic because it maintains itself deliberately within the framework ofexisting institutions; the oppressed reckon with the real situation.

(66).

His business is here, it is here that he is despised and vilified, it is here that he must carry outhis undertaking

(67).

Since he is unable to be the beloved, he will become the lover.(90).

inversionis an outlet that a child discovers when he is suffocating.(91)

In doing Good, I lose myself in Being, I abandon my particularity, I become a universal subject.

(77)

The strangest mores of the most of-the-way societies will, in spite of everything, be relativelycomprehensible to the person who has a flesh-and-blood knowledge of mans needs, anxieties,and hopes. If, on the other hand, this experience is lacking, he will not even be able tounderstand the customs of those about him.

(139)

The live dead-man is dead as a producer and alive insofar as he consumes(139)

Abjection is a methodological conversion, like Cartesian doubt and Husserlian epoche: itestablishes the world as a closed system which consciousness regards from without, in themanner of divine understanding.

(141)

But since he has decided to have the impossibility of living, every misfortune is an opportunitywhich lays this importance of living before his eyes and obliges him to decide, once again, todie.

(158).

His obedience is real since he really and truly fulfills his mission, since he runs real risks inorder to carry out the beloveds orders. But, on the other hand, it is imaginary because hesubmits only to a creature of his mind.

(152)

He chooses the most feared, most hated man in order to worship him as a god, feeling sure thathe is alone in perceiving the gods secret virtues.

(165)

It is freedom, it is particularity, it is solitude that we are aiming at, and not Evil for its own sake(179).

Moral solipsism.(185)

The consciousness of being betrayed is to the collective consciousness of a sacred group what acertain form of schizophrenia is to the individualit is a form of madness.

(193).

Only a neutral, who is indifferent to the stake and perhaps to all stakes, can appreciateaesthetically the grandeur of a fine disaster

(212).

Genet is a man-failure: he wills the impossible in order to derive from the tragic grandeur ofthis defeat the assurance that there is something other than the possible.

(213).

Similarly, individual acts of aristocratic generosity do not eliminate pauperism; they perpetuate

it.(219).

For man holds his ground only by surpassing himself, in the same sense in which it is said that oneceases to love if one does not love increasingly everyday.

(238).

The worst of misfortunes is still a stroke of luck, since one feels oneself living when oneexperiences it/

(275)

For Genet, reflective states of mind are the rule. And although they are of an unstable nature ineveryone, in himreflection is always contrary to the reflected feeling.

(278).

The world is sacred because it gives an inkling of a meaning that escapes us(280).

for one cannot enter an image unless one makes oneself imaginary

(297).

the impossible must be supposed in order to explain the superdetermination of the event

(301).

He wanted to assume his entire condition, to carry the world on his shoulders and to become, indefiance of all, what all have made of him.

(384).

The dreamer must contaminate the others by his dream, he must make them fall into it(399).

the prisoners dreams is the guards spirituality(400).

Virtue is the death of conscience because it is the habit of Good, and yet the ethic of the honestman infinitely prefers virtue to the noblest agonies of conscience. Thus, being poses nonbeingand eliminates it. There is only being

(402).

For Genet, Beauty will be the offensive weapon that will enable him to beat the just on theirown ground: that of value.

(405)

Thus, Beauty is neither an appearance nor a being, but a relationship: the transformation ofbeing into appearance

(408)

in order to change poverty into wealth, one must start by displaying it.(420).

That is precisely what we should have expected, since Genet wants to live simultaneouslycreation, destruction, the impossibility of destroying and the impossibility of creating, since hewants both to show his rejection of the divine creation and to manifest, in the absolute, humanimpotence as mans reproval of God and as the testimony of his grandeur.

(424)

I mistrust illuminations: what we take for a discovery is very often only a familiar thought thatwe have not recognized.

(439)

the reality of society involves the socialization of certain unrealities.455

I, for my part, do not conceive an act as having causes, and I consider myself satisfied when Ihave found in it not its factors but the general themes which it organizes: for our decisionsgather into new syntheses and on new occasions the leitmotif that governs our life

P 461

and if you are common, you can dress up as a woman, show you behind or write poems:theres nothing offensive about a naked behind if its everybodys; each person will be mirroredin it.

(463).

the martyrs reflex(463).

in order to make himself thoroughly undesirable, he will speak.(463).

For those who want to change life, to reinvent love, God is nothing but a hindrance.(500)

Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960)

"This is the contradiction of racism, colonialism, and all forms of tyranny: in order to treat aman like a dog, one must first recognize him as a man."

"Everything is both a trap and a display; the secret reality of the object is what the Other makesof it."

Les Temps modernes (1961)

Either the USSR was not the country of socialism, in which case socialism didnt exist anywhere

and doubtless, wasnt possible: or else, socialism was that, this abominable monster, this policestate, the power of beasts of prey*

p. 184

Miscellaneous

To believe is to know you believe, and to know you believe is not to believe.[1]

Alphabetized by surname

When I was growing up in the 60s, Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre were a modelcouple, already legendary creatures, rebels with a great many causes, and leaders of whatcould be called the first postwar youth movement: existentialism a philosophy thatrejected all absolutes and talked of freedom, authenticity, and difficult choices. It had its ownmusic and garb of sophisticated black which looked wonderful against a cafe backdrop. Sartreand De Beauvoir were its Bogart and Bacall, partners in a gloriously modern love affair livedout between jazz club, cafe and writing desk, with forays on to the platforms and streets ofprotest. Despite being indissolubly united and bound by ideas, they remained unmarriedand free to engage openly in any number of relationships. This radical departure fromconvention seemed breathtaking at the time.

Lisa Appignanesi, in "Did Simone de Beauvoir's open 'marriage' make her happy?" in TheGuardian (9 June 2005) (http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jun/10/gender.politicsphilosophyandsociety)

During the last months of the German Occupation in 1944, the young man who was to becomeFrances most controversial contemporary philosopher and the woman who was to become itsmost controversial feminist met the professional criminal who was to become its mostcontroversial playwright.

Otto Friedrich Bollnow, on Jean Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and Jean Genet, in TheMandarin and the Thief in TIME magazine (April 28, 1986)

Jean Paul Sartre has said that all of French Existentialism is to be found in Ivan Karamazov'scontention that if there is no God, everything is permitted.

Katharena Eiermann in "Existentialism and Dostoevsky" as quoted in "Dostoevsky Didn'tSay It" by David E. Cortesi, at infidels.org (http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/features/2000/cortesi1.html)

What is it about the study of philosophy that tends to make brilliant minds stupid when itcomes down to what are known as actual cases? Consider Martin Heidegger, Bertrand Russell,Jean-Paul Sartre, and Ludwig Wittgenstein, the four great names in twentieth-centuryphilosophy: the first was a Nazi, the second died certain that America was responsible for allthe worlds evil, the third was a Stalinist long after any justification for being so could beadduced, and the fourth lived on the borders of madness most of his life. Contemplation of thelives of philosophers is enough to drive one to the study of sociology.

Joseph Epstein (2012), Essays in Biography, Axios Press, p. 52.

According to Jean-Paul Sarte, "hell is other people," but I'm not sure that Sarte wanted to spendthe whole of eternity by himself.

Northrop Frye, in Symbolism In The Bible, Lecture Five, paragraph 3, lines 1-2

One of the causes of the popularity of Marxism among educated people was the fact that in itssimple form it was very easy; even Sartre noticed that Marxists are lazy. Indeed, they enjoyedhaving one key to open all doors, one universally applicable explanation for everything, aninstrument that makes it possible to master all of history and economics without actuallyhaving to study either.

Leszek Koakowski, "What Is Left of Socialism? (http://www.firstthings.com/article/2002/10/what-is-left-of-socialism)", First Things Nov. 2002.

The Frenchman Jean-Paul Sartre I remember now was his last name had a dialectical mind good as a machine for cybernetics, immense in its way, he could peel a nuance like anonion, but he had no sense of evil, the anguish of God, and the possible existence of Satan.

Norman Mailer, in Evergreen Review, No. 26 (September/October 1962)

I also have a great intellectual respect for those who followed him (Husserl), Heidegger inparticular, and among my countrymen, men like Paul Ricoeur (who, however, I am still farfrom trusting), and Mircea Eliade (a great explorer but one who does not want to be a guide,thank goodness. I have none for Jean-Paul Sartre, who seems to me too artful, and whobesides (and here he pleases me) would be quite sorry to find himself respected. (Yet I like toimagine him elected to the Academie Fancaise, and honor which he certainly deserves.) But hehas offered a testimony we would be quite wrong to neglect.

Jacques Maritain, in The Peasant of Garonne, p. 101

The nature of Sartre and Beauvoirs partnership was never a secret to their friends, and it wasnot a secret to the public, either, after they were abruptly launched into celebrity, in 1945.They were famous as a couple with independent lives, who met in cafs, where they wrote theirbooks and saw their friends at separate tables, and were free to enjoy other relationships, butwho maintained a kind of soul marriage. Their liaison was part of the mystique ofexistentialism, and it was extensively documented and coolly defended in Beauvoirs fourvolumes of memoirs, all of them extremely popular in France: Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter(1958), The Prime of Life (1960), Force of Circumstance (1963), and All Said and Done(1972). Beauvoir and Sartre had no interest in varnishing the facts out of respect forbourgeois notions of decency. Disrespect for bourgeois notions of decency was precisely thepoint.

Louis Menand, in "Stand By Your Man: The strange liaison of Sartre and Beauvoir" in TheNew Yorker (26 September 2005) (http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/09/26/050926crbo_books?currentPage=all)

Quotation #32866 from Michael Moncur's (Cynical) Quotations:1.

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