Jean Frenay_Universidad Lieja

8/12/2019 Jean Frenay_Universidad Lieja

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THE EUROPEAN UNION RULES

Hon. Lecturer

University

of

Lige,

[email protected]

Metals &

Materials

Recycling

&

Recovery,

m2r2Santiago Chile 15&16 april 2010


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MANAGEMENT OF WASTE

MANAGEMENT OF WASTE FROM

EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES

REACH

RECYCLING INDUSTRY


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27 member countries

, , , ,Population: 495 M

(China 1322, India 1130, USA 301) GDP er erson: 24.700 PPS

(USA 37.300, Japan 27.800, Russia 10.000, China 6.400) tota : .

(USA 10.095, Japan 3.198, China 1787, Russia 611)


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Every year : 2.000.000.000 tons of waste

. .

Bad solutions: stockpiling

destroying

Best solutions: prevent the production of waste


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2008 98 CE 19 novem er 2008 Protectin the environment and human health Do not concern:

Gaseous effluentsRadioactive elementsDecommissioned explosivesaeca ma er

Waste watersAnimal byproductsCarcasses of animals that have died other than by being slaughteredElements resulting from mineral resources


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The directive should help move the EU closer to a recycling

society , seeking

to

avoid

waste

generation

and

to

use

waste

.

aimed at ensuring the source separation , collection and rec clin of riorit waste streams.

Waste should be se aratel collected if technicall environmentally and economically practicable, before undergoing recovery operations that deliver the best overall environmental outcome.


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Prevention Preparing for reuse

Recycling er recovery, no a y energy recovery


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esponsa y o e pro ucer or o er

The polluter pays principle is a guiding principle at European and international levels. The waste producer and the waste holder should manage the waste in a way that guarantees a high level of protection of the environment and human health.

In accordance with the polluter pays principle, the costs of waste management shall be borne by the original waste producer or by the curren or prev ous was e o er.

Member States may decide that the costs of waste management are to e orne part y or w o y y t e pro ucer o t e pro uct rom w ic the waste came and that the distributors of such product may share these costs.


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Dangerous waste must be stored and treated adequately;

they cannot

be

mixed

with

other

dangerous

waste rea men requ res a perm w o e erm nes e quan y an

type of treated waste, the method, the monitoring and

Incineration or coincineration only with a high level of energy efficienc

Competent authorities must establish management plan(s)

Com etent authorities must establish revention programmes to break the link between economic growth and the environmental impacts


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FROMEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES


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MANAGEMENT OF WASTE FROMEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES

The European Union has introduced measures

to revent or minimise an adverse effects on the environment and resultant risks to health

the extractive industries, such as tailings and .

Directive 2006/21/EC 15 march 2006


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It applies to waste resulting from prospecting,

extraction, treatment and storage of mineral resources Inert waste and unpolluted soils are not concerned

Waste that does not undergo any significant physical, chemical or biological transformations,

that will not dissolve, burn or react,

that have insi nificant leachabilit and do not endan er the quality of water or groundwater.


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Waste facility means any area designated

for the accumulation or de osit of extractive waste, wether in a solid or liquid state or in

. Extractive industry waste facility must have a permit to operate.

The ublic must be informed and be able to participate in the procedure.


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aste ac t es w c cou g ve r se to a ma or acc ent

are in

category A

and

are

submitted to

specific rules: pera ors mus raw up:

Policy for preventing major accidents

Internal emergency plan

emergency plan for which the public concerned must have o ortunities to artici ate in its re aration or review.


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W en one o t e o owing is o serve :

A failure or incorrect o eration (e. . colla se of a heap, bursting of a dam) could give rise to a ma or accident

It contains waste classified as hazardous (e.g.

Pb sulfides, etc (directive 91/689/CEE) con a ns su s ances c ass e as angerous(directives 676/548/E4EC or 1999/45/EC)


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Operators must raw up a waste management

plan , to be reviewed every 5 years.Objectives are:

its negative impact ,

re use or reclaiming Encourage the short and long term safe

disposal of waste.


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as e managemen p an mus con en :

Full description including: Processing o t e minera resources Substances used in the process

w Waste transport & method of disposal

Closure plan & after closure procedures easures o preven wa er an so po u on

Survey of the land susceptible to be affected.


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Operators must ta e measures to prevent water

soil contamination, in particular by: Evaluating leachate generation including Contaminant content of the leachate Contaminant content of the waste During operational & after closure phase

Preventing leachate generation reven ng sur ace groun wa er con am na on

Treating leachate & contaminated water


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T e competent aut ority veri y:

Suitabl located: rotected areas, eolo ical, hydrological, hydrogeological, seismic,

eotechnical factors collection of

contaminated waters & leachate ,

Suitable plans for monitoring & inspection Suitable arrangements for rehabilitation & closure and after closure


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The operator must:

authority of any events likely to affect the

adverse environmental effects Report to the competent authority all

monitorin results at least once a ear.


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A waste aci ity is ina y c ose on y a ter t e

competent authority has: Carried out a final on site inspection Assessed all reports submitted by the operator

Certified that the land has been rehabilitated ,

the operator shall be ,

measures


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PART 3


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Registration

Autorisation & restriction of

Chemicals

The new law (EC 1907/2006) entered into force on 1 june 2007


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Ensure a high level of protection of human health & the environment ncourage a su s ances o g concern are rep ace y less dangerous substances or technologies

imported over 1t/yr in Europe

about:

Pro erties of the substances Safe use for their clients


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substances : chemical element & its

com ounds in the natural state or obtained b any manufacturing process

composed of two or more substances

articles : object which during production is

ivin a s ecial sha e surface or desi n which determines its function to a greater degree


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It is now the producers and importers who have to

proof that the substances, preparations and articles they are marketing can be used in a totally safe way. The responsability to assess the risks and hazards of substances should be given, in the first place, to the natural or legal persons that manufacture or import substances to

. persons handling chemicals should take the necessary risk

mana ement measures. This should include describin , documenting and notifying the risks stemming from the production, use and disposal of each substance.


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Manufactured or imported substances must

be re istered to the A enc ECHA, located in Helsinki, if the quantity is 1t/yr or more.

Managing the databases necessary to operate the REACH

Coordinating the indepth evaluation of suspicious

Running a public database in which consumers and


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Projet PHOENIXYour car transformed into fuels

4 dcember 2009


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PHOENIXOrigin of the project : the Shredder Rsidues

Fluids, tyres,

batteries, airbags,

De ollution /Magnetic

,etc.

Dismantling

Sorting

Sparation

Heavy SR

Press, clippingscarving


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PHOENIXProject coordinator : COMET TRAITEMENTS SA

Some Data :SME created in december 2002

Activity : valorisation of the SR

Historical Plan in Chatelet near Charleroi :- 60.000 t/yr of Light SR

- investments : 5,85 M

- em lo ment : 20 ersons

Located close to a shredder unit of 200.000 t/yr


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PHOENIX

Project coordinator : COMET TRAITEMENTS SA

New dvelopments : Obourg (Mons)

Activities :- traitement of the Heavy SR : 100.000 t./an (2009)

- valorisation of plastics : 60.000 t./an (2010)

15,78 M 30 employees

Located close to a shredder unit of 300.000 t/yr (capacity per shaft)


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PHOENIX

Project coordinator : COMET TRAITEMENTS SA

Research & Development :

Internal Ressources Team R&D : 5 persons

Analytical & Research Laboratory

Watching tools for Intellectual Protection

Partnership with external Research Centers

Research Projects Proposals (WR, EU)

Projects in realization (2010) polymers : production of polymers 100 % from SR

Mineral fraction : substitution sand for road buildin


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PHOENIXInput 100%

77 % iron

Heav & Li ht SR

Comet Traitements11,1 % valorised 11,9 % final rsidues

1,2 % Iron

,

0,8 % Plastics

0,8 % Combustibles2,2 % Drainaplast

2,3 % Iron oxides

Valorisation: 88,1 % (2009)


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PHOENIXInput 100% Shredders

ron

Heavy & Light SR

Comet Traitements Rsidues

+

, va or s s

,,

3,8 % MetalsValorisation of Polymers

+ ualit0,8 % Plastics

2,2 % Drainaplast 0,8 % Combustibles

2,3 % Iron Oxides

Valorisation: 91,3 %

(2010 objective)


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PHOENIXInput 100% Broyeurs

erreux

RB Lourds et Lgers

Comet Traitements Rsidus

+

, va or s s

,,

3,8 % MtauxValorisation des polymres

+ de ualit0,8 % Plastiques

2,2 % Drainaplast 0,8 % Combustibles

2,3 % Oxydes de fer

Valorisation: 91,3 % (objectif2010) Final Residues 8,7 %

PHOENIX


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PHOENIXTechnological Innovation : the catalytic craking

Alcane Heavy

Alcane light + Alcne

Craking Raction :

Innovation :

- Catalyst: stabilisation of the radicals, lower craking temperatures,adsorption of heavy metals

- Co-catalyst : hydrogenation reaction (high level of alcanes)- Reagent : neutralization of the acids (HCl, HBr, organic acids, etc)

PHOENIX


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PHOENIXObjectives of the project :

eve opmen o an n egra e process, a ow empera ure an owmissions, in order to fully valorize the organic materials present in the

.

PHOENIX


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PHOENIXThe studied process and the research partners :

Exprimentation with a pilot unit of 100 kg/h Budget: 10.000.000 US$

PHOENIX


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PHOENIXPerspectives :

Material Balance:

fuels

carbon

ashes

metalswater

PHOENIX


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PHOENIXPerspectives :

Energy Balance:

ProcessConsumption

Carbon

PHOENIX


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PHOENIXResults expected :

Industrial Unit

- Capacity : 70.000 t/yr- Investment : 40 M- Direct Employments : 58-

Technical Characteristics- Liquid Fuels: 22 millions litres per year- Production de gaz : 8 millions m per year

-- Carbon Production : 14.000 t/yr

Technological show glass for the commercialization of the process

PHOENIX


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PHOENIXInput 100% Shredders

ron

Heavy & Light SR

Comet Traitements Rsidues

+

, va or ze

,,

3,8 % MetalsValorization of Polymers0,8 % Plastics from Heavy SR

Projet Phoenix + 4,5 %2,2 % Drainaplast 0,8 % Combustibles from Heavy SR

PHOENIX2,3 % Iron Oxides

a or za on: ,

(2015 objective)


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http://europa.eu/http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/environment waste mana ement index en.htm _ _

http://www.cometsambre.be/en/companies/ls come + ra emen s

.frena @ul .ac.beJEF Consult: [email protected]

Jean Frenay_Universidad Lieja

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