A Methodology For Translation Jean-Paul Vinay & Jean Darbelnet
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Transcript of A Methodology For Translation Jean-Paul Vinay & Jean Darbelnet
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A Methodology For Translation
Jean-Paul Vinay &
Jean Darbelnet
Teti Sumarni1102601
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Direct & Oblique Translation
Direct Translation
Borrowing Calque Literal Translation
Oblique Translation
Transposition Modulation Equivalence Adaptation
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A word taken directly from another language,
e.g., the English word bulldozer pure borrowing (Rice Cooker) naturalized borrowing (Computer-komputer)
Borrowing
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Calque. A foreign word or phrase translated
and incorporated into another language, e.g., fin de semaine from the English weekend interest rate translated into tingkat suku
bunga.
Calque
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Literal translation. Word for word translation, e.g., The
ink is on the table and L’encre est sur la table. Literal translation translates the meaning of every word
in the original language, understood correctly in context, into its nearest English equivalent, and attempts to express the result with ordinary English word order and style, as far as that is possible without distorting the meaning of the original.
The main point is that essentially literal translations attempt to represent the meaning of every word in the original in some way or other in the resulting translation.
Literal TranslationTerjemahan Harfiah
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Shift
TranspositionA shift of word class, i.e., verb for noun, noun for preposition e.g.,Expéditeur and From. When there is a shift between two signifiers, it is called crossed transposition, e.g., He limped across the street and Il a traversé la rue en boitant.
ModulationA shift in point of view. Whereas transposition is a shift between grammatical categories, modulation is a shift in cognitive categories.
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A shift from singular into plural
(plural into singular)
bunga-bunga : flowers
banyak rumah : many housestiga mobil : three carssepasang celana : a pair of trousers
Transposition Shift
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A structural change that involves word-position in phrase
1 - 2 - 3
3 - 2 - 1
rumah - bercat merah - yang besar
big - red - house
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long - dark – hair
rambut - hitam pekat - yang panjang
Splendid ancient electric train
kereta api listrik kuno yang sangat bagus(Machali, 2000)
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phrase with adverb
1 – 2 – 3
3 – 1 - 2
highly - recommended - system
sistem - yang sangat - direkomendasikan
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A structural change that involves word-position in sentence
Isu tentang HAM sudah kami bahas semenjak lima tahun yang lalu.
We have been discussing the issue of human rights since five years ago
Buku ini harus kamu baca
You must read the book
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a change in part of speech
noun + noun noun + noun adverb + verb
verb + noun adj + noun verb + adj
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mesin pembunuh
killing machine
bahan kimia chemical material
partai politik political party
...is categorically prohibited.
…dikategorikan terlarang.
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in sentence
…… for the pursuit of happiness.
…untuk meraih/ mengejar kebahagiaan.
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from explicit into implicit (implicit into explicit)
Pria yang berdiri di sana itu adalah paman saya
The man (who is) standing there is my uncle.
implicit
The man standing there is my uncle
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from clause into particular type of phrase(phrase into clause) – (phrase with adjective verb)
bayi yang menangis crying baby
binatang yang berpikir thinking animal
burung yang berkicausinging bird
Jendral yang senantiasa tersenyumSmiling General
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from word into phrase or clause(clause into word)
cozysuasana nyaman, hangat, dan akrab
incommunicadokondisi terputus komunikasi dengan dunia luar
interchangeabilitykondisi bisa saling dipertukarkan
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Modulation. A shift in point of view. Whereas
transposition is a shift between grammatical categories, modulation is a shift in cognitive categories. Vinay and Darbelnet postulate eleven types of modulation: abstract for concrete, cause for effect, means for result, a part for the whole, geographical change, etc., e.g., the geographical modulation between encre de Chine and Indian ink.
you are going to have a child translated as Anda akan menjadi seorang bapak.
I cut my finger translated as Jariku teriris, bukan saya memotong jariku.
ModulationModulasi
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Modulation
specific meaning
padi gabahberasnasi
kakakadik
general meaning
rice rice rice rice
brother, sister brother, sister
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paklek : paman : uncle
pakde : paman : uncle
assassinate : membunuh Murder : membunuh
kill : membunuh
Anggur : grape
anggur : wine
mendengar : listenmendengar :
hear
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coining a new term for a series of word
train : berlatih
Training : pelatihan
trainer : pelatih
trainee : peserta pelatihan
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Equivalence. This accounts for the same situation using a
completely different phrase, e.g., the translation of proverbs or idiomatic expressions like, Comme un chien dans un jeu de quilles and Like a bull in a china shop.
Vinay and Darbelnet view equivalence-oriented translation as a procedure which replicates the same situation as in the original, whilst using completely different wording. They also suggest that, if this procedure is applied during the translation process, it can maintain the stylistic impact of the SL text in the TL text.
Equivalence
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Adaptation. A shift in cultural environment, i.e., to express the
message using a different situation, e.g. cycling for the French, cricket for the English and baseball for theAmericans.
Re-writing process of the source text into the target text.
Usually applied in translating poetry and drama Replacing cultural elements of the source language by
the cultural equivalence in the target language.Example: as white as snow ----- seputih kapas, not seputih salju as snow is not familiar in the target language.
Adaptation
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Thank You