JATROPHA PRODUCTIONIN THE

CENTRAL REGION OF THAILAND

Muchjajib, S., Muchjajib, U

Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi

(RMUTSB)

Ayutthaya, Thailand

South East AsiaLocation Latitude : 5°37´ - 20°25´ 30˝ N

Longitude : 97°22´ - 105°37´ 30˝ E

THAILAND

Thailand

Ayutthaya

Ayutthaya - World Heritage

Ayutthaya Climatic Condition

Min Max Mean

Temperature (°C) 17 36 27

Relative Humidity (%) 53 93 76

Rainfall (mm) 1164 mm/year

Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnbhumi (RMUTSB)

4 Campuses :

� Huntra

� Wasukri

� Suphanburi

� Nonthaburi

Thailand sets a biodiesel comsumption target of 8.5 million litres per day by the year 2012.

Jatropha curcas L.Physic nutPurging nut

• Brought to Thailand 200 years ago� Soap� Lantern in the WWI, WWII� Live Fence� Medicinal Plant

Materials and Method

• Experiments

� 1. Varieties: 9 selected varieties

� 3. Pruning: 5 Treatments

� 2. Fertilizers:9 Treatments

October 2006 – February 2009

• Duration

Plot Experiment

�Clayey soil

�Spacing 2 x 2 m

�Fertilizer 16 – 16 – 16, 300 kgha-1

Results and Discussion

Table 1 Yield component and yield production of Jatropha

accessions in Ayutthaya, Thailand

Accession inflorescences/plant

fruits/inflorescence

Seeds/fruit

Seed Weigtht(g)

at 8% smcYield (t.ha -1)

2007 2008 2007 2008

Chiangmai 80.40 ab 9.25 2.95 0.54 0.61 2.99 a 2.83 a

KhonKaen 25.80 d 7.90 2.81 0.52 0.55 0.79 c 1.56 c

Korat 89.25 a 9.19 2.95 0.54 0.58 2.89 a 3.14 a

Lopburi 24.43 d 8.95 2.91 0.54 0.61 0.78 c 1.60 c

Saraburi 61.94 bc 8.83 2.95 0.55 0.50 2.15 b 1.86 bc

Suphanburi 53.24 c 8.79 2.87 0.52 0.55 1.69 b 1.71 bc

Camb 24.89 d 8.50 2.80 0.51 0.62 0.71 c 2.03 b

Ind 26.60 d 8.46 2.90 0.51 0.62 0.86 c 1.81 bc

La 67.46 bc 8.65 2.85 0.50 0.56 2.09 b 2.10 b

F-test ** ns ns ns ns ** **

CV (%) 30.91 3.53 4.29 9.33 15.59 40.09 22.61

� Korat accession 3.14 tha-1

� Chiangmai accession 2.83 tha-1

Yield Production

Pruning

� 2 branches in each level

� 4 branches in each level

� 3 branches in each level

� 5 branches in each level

� No pruning

Table 2 Effect of pruning on growth and yield of Jatropha

Pruning Hight(cm.)

Øcanopy(cm)

Light intensity (Lux)Yield(t.ta -1)Inside conopy outside

No pruning 247.67 b 1.74 b 17908.33 c 4254.13 1.45 d

2 branches each level 246.17 b 2.05 ab 17684.38 c 40514.63 2.16 c

3 branches each level 231.50 b 2.45 a 15343.75 bc 39282.88 3.05 a

4 branches each level 227.08 b 2.56 a 12512.50 ab 39277.13 2.82 ab

5 branches each level 199.83 a 2.55 a 11237.50 a 4 0192.75 2.41 bc

F-test ** ** ** ns **

CV (%) 6.62 6.15 26.21 3.39 23.39

The treatment of 3 branches in each level gave highest

yield at 3.05 tha -1

� manure 2000 kgha-1/year

� 46 – 0 - 0, 0 – 46 - 0, 0 – 0 - 60,

16 – 16 - 16 24 – 24 - 12,

12 – 24 - 12, 16 – 16 - 0

[300 kgha-1/year]

Fertilizer application

Table 3 Effect of manure and different formulae of chemical

fertilizer on seed yield of Jatropha

N-P-K inflorescences/

plant

fruits/inflorescence

Seed Weigtht(g)

smc 8%

Yield (t.ha -1) Chl total

None 10.42 d 3.72 c 0.54 0.33 d 6.09 c

manure 13.81 d 4.29 c 0.64 1.43 b 9.69 ab

46-0-0 74.50 a 8.73 a 0.65 2.81 a 6.90 c

0-46-0 23.83 cd 6.37 b 0.54 0.98 bc 9.85 ab

0-0-60 37.50 c 6.03 b 0.54 0.79 cd 6.99 c

16-16-16 70.67 a 8.24 a 0.62 2.47 a 10.48 ab

24-24-12 81.17 a 9.04 a 0.65 2.83 a 11.60 a

12-24-12 55.50 b 7.85 a 0.68 2.42 a 11.79 a

16-16-0 69.00 ab 7.84 a 0.69 2.45 a 10.48 ab

F-test ** ** ns ** **

CV (%) 28.45 18.75 12.11 34.73 14.46

Low cost fertilizer :

urea (46 – 0 - 0) gave 2.81 tha-1

vs

2.83 tha-1 from 24 -24 - 12

Recommendation

Soil Analysis

pHType of soil om P 2O5 K2O Ca Mg

sand silt clay (%) mg/kg

mg/kg

mg/kg

mg/kg

year 2007 5.3 19 23 58 2.1 18 190 3000 520

year 2008 5.8 20 20 60 2.5 17 230 4000 620

Note : In 2008 the N P K were higher than in 2007

Bare-root Transplanting Technique to be convenient

when transporting

Table 4 Growth performance of bare–root seedling after

transplanting

Storage Period

Sprouting(day)

No of shoots after

30 day

No of leaves /shoot30 day

Viability(%)

1 day 9.20 4.00 4.91 98

1 month 5.60 8.60 4.93 99

2 months 3.80 10.20 5.00 99

3 months 4.00 9.10 4.95 98

5 months 4.60 2.80 2.03 69

7 months - - - -

Not longer than 3 months of storage period under ambient

atmosphere gave good performance of seedling

establishment

Cost & Income

Table 5 Cost and income of Jatropha production in Thailand

(USD/ha-1)

Year1 2 3 4 5

Seedling 735Plantation 643Org. fert. 460 276 276 276 276Chemical fert. 184 184 184 184 184Weed Control 92 92 92 92 92Insecticide 55 55 55 55 55Labour 643 368 368 368 368Expense ha-1 2812 975 975 975 975Expense not include labour

2169 607 607 607 607

0.16 USDkg-1

with minimum seed yield 3.75 tha-1

giving 0.9 ton of Jatropha oil

Break-even price

� 1. Varietal Trial : Korat, Chiangmai

� 3. Pruning : 3 Branches

� 2. Fertilizer Trial : urea (46 - 0 – 0)

Conclusions

Jatropha accessions

Inflorescence

Immature green

Mature Green

Ready to harvest

Husk Seed

High yielding plant

Fertilizer experiment

+ 46 – 0 - 0

Bare root Transplanting Technique

germination

1 day of storage period

1 month of storage period

2 months of storage period

5 months of storage period

7 months of storage period

Growth and Development of Bare root seedling